Any investment operation carries elements of risk. Moreover, the main proportion of investment theory states that potential profitability is inversely proportional to the level of risk, and it does not matter at all whether we are talking about passive investing, active stock exchange transactions or a new business project. Risk allows you to make money, and at the same time, risk means potential losses, therefore, when investing, it is extremely important to understand quantitative and quality characteristics the risk to which you expose your capital.

Risk and return. Classification of tools

If we imagine the basic investment risk-return proportion as a one-dimensional scale, where on the left are the instruments with maximum reliability, and on the right are the riskiest investments, and on this scale we place all the investment instruments known to us, we will get something like this:

The most reliable investments are instruments of the fixed income group (from the English “fixed return”) - bank deposits, bonds, structured notes with full protection, in general, everything that gives a fixed, pre-known return within a specified period.

Does this mean that this group of instruments is risk-free in general?

No, even investments with maximum reliability are subject to risks, but the level of risk for them is lower, and accordingly low returns: at the level of inflation and basic interest rate country of origin of the instrument.

Further from left to right are instruments with variable returns - shares and notes with partial and conditional protection. The risk increases due to the lack of predictable fixed income, but the potential profitability also increases proportionally. And the degree of dependence of the result on the actions of the investor also increases, since transactions with shares, unlike bonds, require the active participation of the owner of the shares in making decisions about when they should be bought and sold.

Next comes the currency and derivatives market. These are also instruments with variable returns, and everything said about shares applies equally to them. But the risk and potential profitability are higher here, due to the higher ratio of own and borrowed money, that is, a larger leverage.

Next step - FOREX market. And again, the risk increases due to an increase in leverage; if on the currency section of the exchange the average leverage is 1:7, then on FOREX, for the same currency pairs it is 1:100.

And finally - binary options. In general, the “all or nothing” principle applies here - you bet on a certain event (the rise or fall of an asset), and it can either win or completely burn out.

In general, this is the entire range of investment instruments in terms of risk level, but this scale is not a constant value, because in practice it sometimes happens that an instrument from the fixed income group in terms of risk-return ratio becomes equal to the FOREX market, and in order to understand when and in what cases this happens - and you need to get acquainted with the types of risks and the possibilities for managing them.

All financial risks relevant to an investor can be divided into two main groups:

1. Monetary risks
2. Investment risks

Monetary risks

Monetary risks essentially represent the risk of depreciation of our savings, and in this group there are three most common types:

Inflation, currency and interest.

Inflation risk is the risk of inflation rising above the return on the investment portfolio. When inflation risk is triggered, you lose money due to the rate of inflation exceeding the return on your investment portfolio.

For example, the yield on a 2-year bond portfolio is 10%, inflation in the first year is 8%, and inflation in the second year is 15%. This means that in the first year you actually increase your capital by 2%, and in the second you lose 5% of your capital

The main method of managing investment risk is managing the investment period. In case of high inflation risk, preference should be given not to long-term, but to medium-term instruments: then there remains the possibility of flexible portfolio management when economic conditions change.

Currency risk can be viewed from two points of view.

When investing in instruments denominated in foreign currencies, the foreign exchange risk is the risk of changes in the exchange rate value of the ruble to the currency of the instrument.

For example, you buy a Euro bond with a fixed income. At the end of the period, you receive profitability in euros, and the euro exchange rate decreases and the total financial results- negative.

The second type of currency risk is the depreciation of ruble savings in the presence of obligations in foreign currency.

The most striking example is foreign currency mortgages in dollars. Rising exchange rate forces us to pay a large amount in rubles as monthly payment and significantly increases the actual cost of the acquired property.

Basic control method currency risk— hedging.

The purchase of a Eurobond can be insured by the simultaneous purchase of a put option with a strike equal to the current euro/ruble exchange rate. If the exchange rate rises, the option expires, but you benefit from an increase in the ruble value of the bond portfolio. When the exchange rate decreases, the ruble valuation of the portfolio also decreases, but there is a benefit from exercising the option that compensates for this decrease.

For the second example, with foreign currency mortgage— opening a currency position on the currency section of the Moscow Exchange with leverage will be relevant. This is a kind of fixation of the rate that suits you, and the possibility of withdrawal cash currency from the exchange section provides insurance against adverse change course.

Interest rate risk is the risk of unfavorable changes in interest rates and, as a consequence, the cost of money. Moreover, any change in rates - both increase and decrease - can be unfavorable. It all depends on the type of transactions you perform.

If you are a bond holder, then an increase in the interest rate causes a decrease in the market value of your bonds and at the same time an increase in the yield of new bond issues, as a result - you cannot profitably sell your bonds and invest in new ones with a higher yield, and you lose potential profits. And if we remember that such changes in rates are usually caused by rising inflation, then the inflation risk, which we discussed above, is additionally included.

If you are a trader trading stocks, rising interest rates cause margin lending rates to rise and reduce your potential profitability.

Interest rate risk is very similar to inflation risk, and they are directly related, so the solution here is similar - varying repayment periods.

Group of monetary risks in to a greater extent affects fixed income investments. More precisely, it affects all investment instruments, but for fixed income with their initially low level of profitability, the degree of influence of this group is higher than for the stock, futures and currency markets.

Investment risks

In the group of investment risks, two subgroups can be distinguished: macro-risks and micro-risks.

The subgroup of macro-risks includes everything that is usually analyzed within the framework of fundamental analysis at the macro level.

World market - Market of a separate country - Market of a separate region - Each significant industry.

Systemic risk— the risk of default or troubles in the country’s economy as a whole. Affects all instruments - from deposits to futures and currency pairs. The management tool is country diversification.

Regional risk— the risk of trouble for a particular region. Important for holders of municipal bonds, or for shares of the city-forming company. A management tool is diversification by region.

Industry risk- affects mainly shares, within separate industry. The more developed the industry in the country, the less the impact of this risk. For example, here is a chart of oil prices, which has been declining for 1.5 years, and Lukoil shares. The correlation is not obvious - there are moments when oil rises and Lukoil grows, there are moments when oil falls, but Lukoil still grows - in general, there is no clear relationship.

But this is a developed, export industry. And for domestic operators, the industry crisis will be a serious reason for reducing the stock market value. The management method is industry diversification.

Micro risks are risks associated with a specific issuer or exchange instrument. These include: liquidity risk, credit risk, issuer risk, selection risk and exchange (or price) risk.

Liquidity risk can apply to both shares and bonds - this is the impossibility of promptly selling an exchange-traded instrument due to low trading volumes and a wide spread. The management method is to comply with the liquidity requirements of the instrument that are sufficient for you.

If you have a capital in general or any share of it, there is a possibility of an immediate need to sell and take profit, it can only be invested in instruments with maximum liquidity (from 500 million rubles of exchange turnover per day). And if the capital is “calm” and there is an opportunity to sell open position several days and weeks - liquidity requirements are significantly reduced.

Credit risk— risk of insolvency of the issuer. At first glance, this is a purely bond risk, but later we will see that the issuer’s insolvency affects not only the dynamics of bonds, but also the dynamics of shares. Credit risk is part of selective risk - this is also the issuer’s risk, but selective risk is broader - the issuer may not only go bankrupt, but also lose market share, deposits, sales markets, in short - worsen its economic situation without leading to bankruptcy, and then this will affect bonds to a lesser extent, and stocks to a greater extent.

Exchange risk- almost the exclusive prerogative of the stock market. The risk of an unfavorable price change relative to your position. You can make smart investment decisions, use methods of information analysis, assess probability, make forecasts, but this risk cannot be completely avoided - it can only be managed so that its size is controlled and known in advance.

In total, we get the following picture, from which it becomes quite clear why bonds are a less risky investment than stocks.

The table shows all the risks that affect the bond market and also affect the stock market. Plus, the stock market has its own additional risks, which affect bonds to a lesser extent or do not affect them at all. And for a group of high-margin instruments (currency, derivatives market and FOREX market), exchange risk is added to all this with a multiplying coefficient due to increased leverage.

Risks and trader psychology

We met various types risks and formulated rules for their management. But the most important thing in dealing with risk in investing is to understand and accept the fact that all investments are always accompanied by risk, and it is impossible to completely avoid it. This means that our task is to clearly understand at any time what risk we are exposing our capital to when opening a position, to correctly assess the risk,, if possible, to manage its value and accept it in advance in case of a negative scenario. And if it is impossible to accept such a level of risk, refuse to open a position altogether.

And an extremely interesting conclusion follows from this.

There are no bad issuers, instruments and investment decisions- there are only those that are not suitable for you personally!

You can invest money in default bonds, or you can give preference to the most reliable, government ones (moreover, not Russian, but American).

You can invest in Gazprom shares for 10 years, or you can trade binary options.

But all this is only in one case.

If it suits your goals and you are ready to accept not only the positive, but also Negative consequences your investment decisions.

Next, we will consider two special cases of moving an instrument along the risk scale: when bonds and stocks provide the opportunity to earn more than active trading in futures or currency pairs, but with an appropriate level of risk.

A novice investor must understand that investing equity always associated with the possibility of both positive and negative outcomes.

And although the risks of investing in the most sustainable enterprise and in a startup are incommensurable, they exist in any type of activity. It is necessary to understand what investment risks are, what are the types, how are assessments and analyzes carried out, are there methods to reduce them?

What are investment risks?

Investment risk is the probability of loss of invested capital, a decrease in its value due to improper management in the company, macroeconomic factors, and government policies.

The essence of such an event is that the investor does not benefit, investing savings in the work of any enterprise, real estate, organization.

Considering that investing is fraught with risks, it is necessary to create the most effective portfolio - a diversified one, which will help minimize possible negative factors.

In Russia, there is an established opinion: in order not to take risks, you need to keep your savings under your pillow or in a reliable bank. But here, too, there are risks: depreciation of money due to inflation, theft, loss due to fire.

Where there is money, there are negative consequences always exist.

Classification by causes

The concept and types of risks in the field of investment are interrelated, and by studying their classification, you can determine what is the reason and how to reduce the likelihood of losing your capital. In general, risks can be internal, due to mismanagement or industry characteristics, or external, related to market characteristics, inflation, economic and political conditions.

However, the most common types of risks are:

• Inflationary– associated with rising inflation and a decrease in the real value of the asset. At the same time, the inflation rate can reduce the projected profitability and lead to the depreciation of capital. That is why, taking into account the expected percentage of income, the investor must analyze inflation, making sure that it does not exceed the rate of growth of the deposit.
• Reducing the interest rate set Central Bank – this leads to an increase in demand for business loans, enterprises are less interested in investors, and the situation on the stock market is improving.
• Foreign exchange– due to changes in exchange rates foreign currency, which entails an improvement or deterioration in the economic situation. Even if a company does not have foreign partners or deposits abroad, fluctuations in quotes will affect it indirectly or directly.
• Political– sources of occurrence – change of government, imposition of sanctions, military intervention. Such negative factors cannot be controlled by the investor.
• Industry– are associated with the problems of a specific sector of the economy; all enterprises engaged in a single type of activity are subject to them.

Example: due to crop failure, all agricultural companies in the region are experiencing financial difficulties

• Business – arise due to ineffective management, when the company is run by insufficiently competent employees, which reduces efficiency

production leads to bankruptcy.
• Credit - appear if the investor contributes borrowed capital rather than his own. When it was not possible to obtain the predicted profit, it will not be possible to repay the loan to the bank in full.
• Labor – caused by negative factors within the organization. Personnel dissatisfied with working conditions may announce mass layoffs and strikes, which will lead to equipment downtime and material losses.
• Social – arise if buyers’ level of demand for goods and services changes. This happens due to inflation, decreased income, unemployment, or, conversely, economic prosperity.

For example, a company is focused on producing yoghurts of low quality, but sold at a low price. During a crisis, the population actively buys such products, and when income increases, they give preference to the competitor’s improved products

• Ecological and natural– associated with the outflow of population from a specific region due to infection environment, man-made disasters, natural disasters.
• Legislative and legal– arise due to the adoption of a new regulatory act that worsens the position of the company.

Example: a ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages after 10:00 pm leads to losses in a wine producing company.

In addition, there is a scale of developments that determines the minimum, optimal and maximum risks depending on the type of activity of the enterprise. The investor determines for himself which project to prefer in order to protect his capital.

Methods of assessment and analysis

Before investing your savings in the activities of any enterprise, you need to understand how risky the undertaking is. This will help in drawing up and choosing the optimal strategy for the investor, depending on the profitability of the investment.

To assess the degree of risk, you should study all the likely threats that could affect the company’s performance:

• Material– lead to losses in absolute terms associated with increased production costs;
• Labor– increase in the cost of personnel labor;
• Cost– reduction in prices for products sold by enterprises;
• Temporary– increased working time costs, as well as the need to modernize the production process;
• Information- this is a threat of deterioration in the prestige of the organization, information leakage, which will lead to difficulties with counterparties and customers.

Risks can be assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively, based on an analysis of the enterprise’s operation, statistical data and the predicted situation in the industry. What factors should an investor consider when investing?

• What is the initial cost of capital investment objects?
• How effectively does the manager manage the company? Does he use material resources rationally?
• What is the yield on securities today?
• What profit were investors able to make in the last reporting period?
• Are there prerequisites for external negative factors - economic, legislative, political?
• Have the enterprise's defense mechanisms been thought through in case of unforeseen situations, for example, an information attack?
• What is the situation in the industry, have conditions been created for the introduction of competitors?

Expert assessment methods are popular, which include the study of reporting documentation by a specialist, comparison of the results of the work of several companies, and consideration of all factors affecting the activities of the enterprise. However, in Russian conditions such methods are used infrequently.

How to reduce the likelihood of negative events occurring?

Identifying the essence and classification of the object being studied does not always allow the investor to effectively manage his capital. It must be remembered that the degree of risk is directly related to the return on investment.

The higher the projected profit, the more risk the investor has to take, and vice versa. How to come to a compromise, ensuring an investment of funds in which you can count on profit, excluding the occurrence of unexpected troubles?

Risk management is carried out using several methods:

• Portfolio diversification- that is, the purchase of securities of several companies that are not interconnected and do not operate in the same industry. An investor's portfolio may include low- and high-risk assets in varying percentages.
• Insurance is a method that allows you to transfer the company’s responsibility for negative trends to an insurance organization. When choosing this type of protection, you need to assess the likelihood of an occurrence insured event, compare the size of the tariff and losses in the event of an event, the size of the premium paid under the contract.
• Control over management decisions of the organization– the investor can eliminate the occurrence of risk even at the stage of management decision-making if he gets the opportunity to manage the company. However, to do this you need to have a large block of shares, appropriate rights, experience in this industry, and the necessary knowledge.
• Creation reserve fund – the enterprise reduces the level of risk events by preliminary depositing funds into a specially created fund. In case of negative factors, this fund is used to cover the capital deficit. This method is internal insurance, but has a significant disadvantage - the company will have to freeze an impressive part of investment resources that could improve production efficiency.

To reduce investment risk, future the investor must obtain reliable information about the implementation of the project, determine the effectiveness of decision-making, and determine the likelihood of negative events occurring. In Russia, analytical skills are especially valuable due to economic and political instability. Where we're talking about When it comes to long-term investments, uncertainty is always high, so you should weigh your investment decision several times.

How to minimize certain types of risks?

Depending on the type of risk, there are ways to minimize it that an investor should consider when making an investment decision.

• Industry– by compiling a portfolio of securities from shares of companies operating in different sectors of the economy.
• Credit– when reducing the volume of borrowed funds used by the enterprise.
• Operating– when choosing a proven and reliable broker who has been working on the stock exchange for several years.
• Business– through a thorough analysis of the company’s activities, studying opportunities for growth.
• Legislative– identification of problematic areas of development that will be resolved in the future in the legal field.
• Social– clarification of the needs of the population, their income level, analysis of consumer demand, demographic factors.

However, the investor will not be able to completely eliminate the risk event, even by investing in securities sustainable businesses does not guarantee that you will make a profit in the long run.

Investment strategies

By analyzing ways to reduce negative factors, an investor can take advantage of popular and effective strategies that will allow you to safely manage own funds. What investment methods do experts recommend?

• Maximum Income Strategy– past profits are studied and three companies or funds are selected that have shown high returns. Securities are purchased in equal quantities. This method does not require analysis or knowledge, it is enough just to find operational information on the Internet or business sources. The strategy is suitable for people who are prepared for losses, that is, they prefer high profits.
• Minimum Risk Strategy– a conservative method that allows you to protect your capital as much as possible, without paying attention to profitability. An investor buys shares of three companies that have stable securities prices, but cannot count on good profits.
• Risk-return strategy– it is necessary to find companies that have shown in the past maximum income with a low degree of risk. How to do it? You need to divide your income by fluctuations in securities prices; the higher the ratio, the better. The investor contributes his funds to the 3 most attractive organizations.
• Markowitz strategy– is based on investing in organizations with varying degrees of profitability, while the portion of capital for each situation is different. For example, a conservative allocates 70% of his savings to stocks with low returns, the remaining 20% ​​to assets with average returns. Wanting to get high dividends, the portfolio is diversified as follows: 50% are occupied by low-risk assets, 30% by securities with an average degree of risk, 20% by high-risk ones.

The investor himself decides which strategy to choose, and he also determines the most effective capital management model. However The possibility of losses cannot be completely excluded: even the most stable financially companies suffer losses due to dozens of internal and external indicators.

Conclusion

Investment risks are a concept that is inherent in the economy of any country, including Russia. By investing money in the chosen industry, the investor takes risks, but can use capital rationally using one of the effective strategies.

To reduce the likelihood of losses, you need to wisely select the company whose shares you are purchasing, carefully study statistical and reporting documentation, and assess the likelihood of negative trends in this area of ​​the economy. Only with a reasonable approach does investment become a way to generate stable income.

Investment risk is the risk of depreciation of capital investments due to the actions of government authorities and management.

The goal of managing an investment portfolio is to increase its market value. An important criterion for selecting shares in a portfolio is the level of return on the shares. But a high expected return is associated with a high risk of not receiving it or the risk of losing invested capital.

When managing an investment portfolio, a full assessment of its risk level is carried out, then the level of profitability of the investment portfolio is planned.

General risks include risks that are the same for all participants in investment activities and forms of investment. They are determined by factors that the investor cannot influence when choosing investment objects.

Risks of this kind are called systematic. These are: - foreign economic risks that arise with changes in the situation in foreign economic activity;

Internal economic risks associated with changes in the internal economic environment.

In turn, these types of risks act as a synthesis of more specific types of risks:

a) socio-political risk combines a set of risks that arise when the political system and the balance of political forces in society change, and during political instability;

b) environmental risk acts as the possibility of losses due to natural disasters, deterioration of the environmental situation;

c) risks associated with government regulation measures include the risks of changes in administrative restrictions on investment activities, economic standards, taxation, currency regulation, interest rate policy, securities market regulation, and legislative changes;

d) market risk - risk associated with unfavorable changes in the general economic situation or the situation in individual markets;

e) inflation risk arises due to the fact that with high inflation, the amounts of money invested in investment objects may not be covered by income;

f) other risks caused by economic crimes, dishonesty of business partners, the possibility of non-fulfillment, incomplete or poor-quality fulfillment by partners of their obligations, etc.

Specific risks may be associated with unprofessional investment policy, irrational structure of invested funds, and other similar factors, the negative consequences of which can be largely avoided by increasing the efficiency of investment management. These risks are diversified, reduced and depend on the investor’s ability to select investment objects with acceptable risk, as well as to actually take into account and regulate risks.

Specific risks are divided into:

a) on the risks of the investment portfolio that arise due to deterioration in the quality of investment objects in its composition and violation of the principles of formation of the investment portfolio. They are divided into risks:

Capital - the integral risk of an investment portfolio associated with a general deterioration in its quality, which shows the possibility of losses when investing in investments compared to other types of assets,

Selective - associated with an incorrect assessment of the investment qualities of a certain investment object when selecting an investment portfolio,

Imbalance risk - occurs when there is a violation of the correspondence between investments and sources of their financing in terms of volume and structural indicators of profitability, risk and liquidity,

The risk of excessive concentration (insufficient diversification) can be defined as the risk of losses associated with a narrow range of investment objects, a low degree of diversification of investment assets and sources of their financing, which

leads to unreasonable dependence of the investor on one industry or sector of the economy, region or country, on one area of ​​investment activity;

b) risks of investment objects, which should be taken into account both when assessing individual investment investments, and the investment portfolio as a whole.

In addition, there are risks:

Country - the possibility of losses caused by placing funds and conducting investment activities in a country with an unstable social and economic situation;

Industry - risk associated with changes in the situation in a particular industry;

Regional - the risk of losses due to the unstable state of the regional economy, especially inherent in single-product regions;

Temporary - the possibility of losses due to incorrect determination of the time of making investments in investment objects and the time of their implementation, seasonal and cyclical fluctuations;

Liquidity risk is the risk of losses when selling an investment object due to changes in the assessment of its investment quality;

Credit - the risk of loss of funds or loss of the investment object's original quality and value due to failure to comply with obligations on the part of the issuer, borrower or its guarantor;

Operational - the risk of losses arising as a result of the fact that in the activities of the entity making investments, there are violations in the technology of investment operations, problems in computer information processing systems, etc.

Along with those listed above, there are operating currency risks. Businesses and individuals are exposed to these risks when future payments or receipts must be made in a foreign currency whose future value is uncertain.

Operational currency risk arises in foreign exchange transactions with settlements that occur not at once, but over a certain period of time. There are many ways to manage operational risk. Among them, the leading place is occupied by forward transactions, futures, options, swaps and other, more complex derivative instruments, as well as currency clauses in foreign trade contracts, insurance of currency risks and the formation of reserves to cover risks.

There is always a way to earn more and faster, especially when it comes to online investments, because there are no boundaries, the audience is huge and everything good spreads at lightning speed.

This review is devoted to high-yield investments, where you can invest money to get high profits, what amount you can start with, what the risks are and other questions.

Highly profitable investments – This investing in projects that can bring in very short term (from several days to several months) profits significantly exceed the annual return on classical instruments financial markets, such as bank deposits, bonds, mutual funds with conservative strategies, etc.

Before you consider highly profitable investments, you need to at least know approximately what numbers to focus on.

As a standard, let's take a bank deposit with a rate 12% per annum and amount 100,000. rub.. as the most reliable and conservative way to generate income.

By investing this amount, in a year you will receive 12 thousand rubles. or 1000 rub. per month, which is not so dense with such significant amount even without adjustments for inflation, but not everyone has a free 100,000 rubles for investment.

IN rating highly profitable investments Only projects whose profitability exceeds this indicator by 2 times are included, and the benefits outweigh the possible risks. In practice, highly profitable investments on the Internet bring from 60-80% to 100-200% per annum.

Rating of highly profitable investments

The highest yielding investments

Options	Profitability, per annum	Risk	Experts	Min. attachments
Stock	30-80%	Average	Need thorough analytics and information	From $50-200 per briefcase
PAMM accounts	40-90%	Short	A portfolio of at least 5 PAMM accounts is required.	From $10 to one PAMM account
Binary options	100-3000%	High	You don't need to do a lot of market analysis, don't play	From $10 per transaction
Microcredit	100-300%	Average	Success comes with experience	From $10-100 per loan
HYIPs	100-200%	High	A very dangerous option.	From $10-100

Please note that we are not considering venture investments, hedge funds and startups, since for the most part they are practically not available to individuals with small capitals, where mainly institutional investors invest with amounts ranging from 20-50 thousand dollars.

Average return on investment in stock market amounts to 20-25% per year, which is already twice as much bank deposit. But this is just an average percentage, which can be raised to 30-80% by investing in fast-growing companies.

For example, Amazon alone has grown by 300% over the past 2.5 years.

Look at the performance of some securities on the NASDAQ stock exchange:

But here’s how much profit even well-known companies whose products you may use yourself can bring in a month:

If you look at the indicators not only for the year, but also for 6, 3 months, you will see that the results are quite stable.

It is worth clarifying that not every PAMM account is able to enter rating of highly profitable and reliable investments, but only those whose managers have been trading profitably for more than 6 months, showing stable results.

At portfolio investing you can choose different managers, so your investments will be more reliable and your portfolio will protect you from losses.

The potential risk is present as everywhere else, but it is still much less than in HYIPs, so PAMM can be classified as highly profitable investments of high reliability.

The manager can open trades using general funds investors, but cannot withdraw money or transfer it to other accounts.

As a rule, PAMM managers trade Forex, but the scheme can work in other markets, providing high-yield investments in shares, raw materials or cryptocurrency.

Before investing, it is worth studying in detail the statistics of the managing trader’s work, as well as familiarizing yourself with the size of the commission he takes.

As for profitability, on PAMM it is not the same and varies greatly not only from one manager to another, but also from one manager to another during different periods. The more conservative the trader’s strategy, the lower the income, but the more stable it is. A good result is +5-10% per month consistently over a long period of time ( that is, 60-120% per year).

More aggressive, but acceptable strategies can give 20-30% for several months in a row in some periods, but sooner or later they will lead to -5-10% , or even large losses, which can also last for quite a long time.

Thus, by investing $100 under the average 10% per month, which is quite realistic for PAMM, in a year it will accumulate 100-120% , that is, an investment in $100 in 12 months it will turn into $220 . If you constantly apply profits, then after 12 months, with unchanged indicators, it can be more than 160%.

Unlike classic trading on Forex and stock exchanges, where in order to get high profits you most often have to wait for hours, days and even weeks, they allow you to earn huge amounts of money in minutes.

All you need to do is set the option expiration time ( and some other brokers allow you to set this value to 30 seconds), select an asset and indicate the terms of the transaction UP or DOWN, that is, the price will rise or fall at the end of the option period.

It seems simple, but look at the profitability! Brokers pay for every successful transaction from 69 to 80% profit. And it doesn’t matter what the duration of your transaction is, be it 30 seconds or one day.

Let us show with an example how this happens. We went in and selected an asset:

Indicated the transaction period until 21:20 (after 9 minutes it will close automatically):

Since a stable downward trend had formed on the chart, we decided to follow it and specified the forecast as the main condition DOWN:

Securities do not change their trends as quickly as currencies and it is unlikely that anything will change in 9 minutes.

If at the time of closing the transaction the price of Starbucks shares is lower than at the time of purchase according to our DOWN forecast, then we will receive a 79% profit.

9 minutes flew by quickly and look at the chart at the moment the option was closed:

In just 9 minutes we got 79% profit or from our investment amount in $80 net profit amounted to $63,2 (total revenue $143.2). These are not only highly profitable investments, but also very short-term ones.

Perhaps someone will object to the above example and say that this does not always happen, but the opposite result is quite likely, in which case we lose the entire amount of the investment. Yes, this is quite likely, because high-yield investments without risk practically never happens, and the loss is equally proportional to the probable profit, but if you apply, analyze and meaningfully make short forecasts, you can make more than 60% of successful transactions, and this can bring you a profit of 100-300% per month, thanks to proper capital management.

Risks of high-yield investments

In order to achieve high profits, it is necessary high risk, that is why the correct one is necessary, this means that you need to invest not all the money in one project at once, but in several different ones, dividing the amount into parts, so that even in case of failures in some of them, the profit in others completely covers the loss of investments and it still turned into a plus.

As a result, all risks are minimized, and the opportunity to receive a high income remains almost at a high level.

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We all save money. A schoolchild saves for a new smartphone, a student for a car, a young family for an apartment (or more often for an initial fee for a mortgage), a worker for vacation, and a pensioner for a funeral. And no matter how tense economic situation I wasn’t, the money somehow accumulates. Otherwise, why are there so many iPhones and expensive cars around?

But what most people don't realize is that when you have accumulated money under your pillow, it quietly diminishes. Every night the “savings killer” comes and steals a small part of our savings. And this killer's name is Inflation.

The official inflation rate in Russia for 2015 is almost 13%. But we know that it is quite underestimated (those who remember the prices for products in 2014 understand this especially well). The real inflation rate for 2015 was definitely more than 20%.

Thus, all our savings depreciate at a rate of at least 20% per year or 1.65% per month. So, now most investment methods help not to increase your funds, but to at least slightly compensate for inflation.

In such a situation, it is very unwise to keep money under your pillow. Any spare money should be put to work. But how to invest them as reliably and profitably as possible?

Investing is not that difficult.

I think everyone has an idea of ​​what investing is. When investing, you put your money to work. That is, you invest money expecting to receive even more money in the future.

But we must not forget that investing entails risks. Instead of the expected profit, you may receive a loss or even lose all your money.

Therefore, the main rule of investing is risk diversification. According to this rule, you should split your savings into parts and invest them in different investment projects.

For example, let your investment portfolio be 100,000 rubles. Then you need to choose several investment instruments that are suitable for you. Let's assume you have chosen mutual funds, PAMM accounts and backing and HYIP projects. Now you will need to distribute your portfolio between instruments depending on how much risk you are willing to take.

Let’s say that you are committed to moderate risks and distribute your money like this: mutual funds – 40%, PAMM accounts – 40%, backing – 10% and HYIP projects – 10%. Now you need to apply the principle of diversification within each investment method you choose.

That is, you will need to select several different PAMM accounts and distribute your 40% of the portfolio between them. The same must be done with other chosen investment methods.

In order to comply with this rule, you need to use several tools that can multiply your money. I have selected 12 of the best ones for you.

Let's compare the 12 best ways to invest.

I not only picked 12 for you the best ways investing, but also compared them with each other. For comparison, I selected several parameters, which I decided to rate out of 10 point system, where 1 is the lowest score and 10 is the highest.

Comparison of the best investment methods.

The following options were selected:

• Simplicity. This parameter characterizes how easy it is to understand this method of investing, understand the principle, find a suitable company and make a contribution.
• Profitability. Here the average return on investment will be assessed. Most often, this and the following points are interconnected: the higher the profitability, the higher the risks.
• Reliability. This parameter characterizes the riskiness of the analyzed investment instrument.
• Entry threshold. Shows the minimum amount you can invest.
• Liquidity. Estimates how quickly you can withdraw your deposit, and what losses await you if you withdraw money prematurely.
• Passivity/activity– this parameter shows how passive this type of income is. That is, 10 points means “put it in and forget it,” and 1 point means that in order to get maximum profit you will have to spend additional effort and time.

Of course, all my assessments will be subjective and I think that many readers will not agree with them.

1. Bank deposit.

A bank deposit is the most understandable and simple way of investing for an ordinary person. Even any grandmother understands how everything works. After all, even in the Soviet Union, in which there was no investment, people kept money in savings books. And one of the heroes of a popular Soviet film urged fellow citizens to keep money in savings banks.

All you need to do to make a deposit is to choose a bank and come there with your passport and money. What could be simpler? I bet 10 points.

At the same time, the profitability of a bank deposit is not high. At the moment, deposit rates range from 7% to 12.5%. I think this is one of the lowest returns of all investment methods. Deserves 1 point.

But you can be sure of the reliability of your deposit. Deposits are insured by the state. Even if you plan to invest a large amount, then in order to insure against the fact that your bank’s license will be taken away, you can break the amount into small parts and invest in several banks. In this case, even if the bank is deprived of its license, and your deposit was less than 600,000 rubles, you will be compensated for both the deposit and interest. 10 points for reliability.

You can start investing with an amount of 10,000 rubles. This is not much at all, so you can put it beyond the entry threshold 8 points.

In most cases, you can withdraw money from your deposit at any time. But if you withdraw money early, you will lose most of your profits. 7 points for liquidity.

This type of deposit falls into the “put it in and forget it” category. All you have to do at the end of the investment period is go to the bank and withdraw your money. Well, or extend the deposit. 10 points.

Pros:

• High reliability.
• Availability.
• Low taxes. You will have to pay 35% of taxable income, which is calculated using the formula: all income minus the refinancing rate.
• Predictability of results.

Minuses:

• Low profitability.

Conclusion. This type of investment serves not to increase your money, but to at least somehow compensate for inflation. In any case, if you do not want to take risks at all, then this method is better than just keeping money under your pillow.

2. Mutual investment funds (UIFs).

For an ordinary person, investing in mutual funds does not seem like a very clear idea. To understand this, try explaining to your grandmother at the entrance that you are buying shares in a fund of a management company that invests money in assets.

You also need to take the choice of mutual funds seriously, studying the statistics of different funds. After this, you need to go to the office of the company or its agent. I'll give it for simplicity 6 points.

The profitability here depends on the type of funds and on the approach to choosing a mutual fund. The riskier the investment the fund makes, the higher the potential return is expected, but in most cases it is not high. 3 points.

Reliability also greatly depends on the type of fund. While bond mutual funds are one of the least risky investments, investments in venture funds carry very high risks. On average, I would rate reliability at 7 points, because at least you won’t be able to lose a large part of your deposit, as in other investment methods.

The minimum cost of a share starts from 300-500 rubles per share, which is suitable for almost everyone. 10 points.

I think most people invest money in open mutual funds, so at this point we will only talk about them. From open funds You can withdraw money by selling your shares in 1-3 business days. I'll put it 10 points.

Still, with this method of investing, you will have to spend a little time managing your investments. Of course, the management company will manage the fund without your participation, but you will have to transfer money between mutual funds and decide when to sell shares and when to buy. 8 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• A large number of assets in which the fund can invest.
• Low entry threshold.
• Relatively low risks.

Minuses:

• Possibility of incurring a loss if the fund choice is unsuccessful.
• Relatively complex investment procedure.
• An investor should be interested in the stock market.

Conclusion. With successful selection of funds and proper management With their investments, the profit from the deposit covers inflation and brings in a small income. But we must remember that many funds bring losses to their investors.

3. PAMM accounts.

Brokerage companies for last years invested so much money in advertising that only a deaf person has not heard about Forex and the tempting prospects of becoming successful trader. Therefore, it is not difficult for an ordinary person to understand the principle of PAMM investing - give money to a trader so that he can play with it on the stock exchange.

You can find a suitable broker on the Internet. At the moment the most popular is Alpari. So I'll put it 7 points for simplicity and clarity.

Some accounts can bring you more than 100% profit per year, while others can drain all your money. But, when using the principle of risk diversification, the income from this type of investment is slightly higher than in mutual funds and is estimated by me at 5 points.

As returns increase, risks also increase. When using the principle of diversification, you will not lose the entire investment amount, but you may receive a loss. For reliability I would put 6 points.

You can start investing in PAMM accounts with an amount of $10. At the moment this equals 700 - 800 rubles. The amount is small, so I bet 10 points.

You can withdraw money at any time within one or two business days. Therefore, for liquidity 10 points.

You will have to spend time managing investments. If you do not use automatic tools, then Personal Area you will have to come in almost every day. After all, the market situation can change very quickly and your managers can make critical mistakes. I bet 6 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• Low entry threshold.
• Opportunity to create your own investment portfolio.
• Simple investment procedure.

Minuses:

• It is possible not only to receive a loss, but also to lose the entire deposit amount.
• An investor should be interested in trading on the foreign exchange market.

Conclusion. This is a very common method of investing, which has gained popularity due to advertising. This method investing money is more suitable for those people who like currency market or who has experience trading on the stock exchange.

4. HYIP projects.

This type of investment is often called quasi-investment. If we talk in simple words, then these are pyramids that accrue profits to participants from new deposits.

Investing in these projects is very easy. Many of them accept bank transfers and payment through the most popular payment systems. Most often, HYIPs have a legend that explains to gullible investors where the company gets the money to pay such high interest rates.

It is very easy to contribute to such a project via the Internet. But if you are new to the Internet, it will be more difficult. For convenience I would put 8 points.

HYIP projects promise cosmic profits. On average, long-term HYIPs offer to pay 20-30% per month. Short-term ones can promise to double the deposit amount in just a few days. 10 points for the promised profitability, but in fact it is, of course, lower.

There is no need to talk about any reliability of deposits. The project can collapse at any moment. Every day 1-2 HYIP projects are opened and the same number are scammed. Therefore, for reliability I would give everything 1 point.

I think at this point and the points below we should consider only long-term projects. The minimum entry amount starts from 1,500 thousand rubles. 9 points for a low entry threshold.

In most projects, the deposit cannot be returned. It will be returned to the investor throughout the investment period with each payment. Therefore only 1 point.

If you have already invested money in one of the HYIPs, then all you can do is sit and hope that the project will exist and pay. There is nothing you can do anymore. Completely passive investments deserve 10 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• High profitability.
• Convenient deposit and withdrawal of money.

Minuses:

• Very high risks.

Conclusion. Make money onHYIP projects can only be carried out by those who are “in the know.” You need to be able to analyze projects and find those that can generate income. Most people who make money on HYIPs compensate for the loss when investing by attracting referrals.

5. Backing (investing in poker players).

Almost everyone knows about a game like poker. At the same time, many people understand that successful players receive big money for winning tournaments. But how many people know that most poker players do not play with their own money in major tournaments?

That is, if a strong player does not have enough money to participate in a tournament, he turns to an investor (sponsor), who receives a percentage of the prize money if he wins. A player may also have several sponsors who invest in the player and receive a profit from the winnings depending on the amount of investment.

You can buy a share from a player only by agreeing on this on specialized forums. For example, on the forum of this site: PokerStrategy.com. To purchase, you will need to personally contact the player. For convenience I would put 4 points.

The reliability of this type of investment highly depends on the choice of players. In addition, when purchasing a share, you do not sign any contracts and the player may “not want” to give you your share for winnings. 3 points for reliability.

You can buy a share from $10. But only novice players sell so cheaply; to buy a professional’s share you will need to invest 200-300 dollars. But it’s still better to start with small investments, so I bet 10 points for a low entry threshold.

There is no such thing as withdrawing money. You pay a share, and if a player gets into the prizes, you take the profit.

After you have made a deposit, all you have to do is wait for a positive outcome. You can no longer influence anything. 10 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• The possibility of making a big profit if the player wins the tournament.

Minuses:

• More suitable for people who understand poker.
• The deal is based only on a verbal agreement with the player.
• Typically, players earn more than sponsors.

Conclusion. Rather, backing is suitable for people who are well versed in poker. To an ordinary person It will be difficult to choose the "right" player.

6. Trust management in sports betting.

Most people view sports betting as gambling. But professional privateers earn a lot and consistently from betting on sporting events.

Many privateers create their own PAMM accounts, into which they actively attract investors. This type of investment is similar to PAMM accounts in the foreign exchange market.

In order to make a contribution, you need to register on the platform trust management BetPamm.com and select several accounts to invest in. 7 points for simplicity.

If you look at the profitability charts, you will see that top privateers increase the funds in their accounts by thousands of percent. Such income should be captivating. But on average, the returns from this investment method are much lower and deserve 6 points.

If you use the principle of diversification and invest in several PAMM accounts, then at least you will not lose the entire investment amount due to privateer’s mistakes. For reliability I would put 6 points.

You can start investing with very small amounts. For a low entry threshold 10 points.

You can withdraw money quickly and easily. 10 points.

After investing, you will need to monitor the selected PAMM accounts in order to transfer money between accounts in case they go into a loss or achieve maximum profitability. 6 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• Short-term investment.
• Independent portfolio creation.
• Low entry threshold and the ability to use a demo account.

Minuses:

• Possibility of receiving a loss or losing the entire amount.

Conclusion. This investment method is very similar to investing in PAMM accounts in the Forex market. But it is not so famous due to the lack of advertising.

7. Startups (venture investments).

In recent years, stories of successful startups have been heard from everywhere. Everyone understands how profitable it would be to buy shares of young companies that in a few years would turn into large billion-dollar corporations.

The first way to invest in a startup is to conclude investment agreement with the company directly. Some companies actively attract investors on their own by selling them future shares at reduced prices. An example of such a startup is Unitsky’s SkyWay.

You can also invest in a startup using crowdinvesting platforms and startup exchanges. Exchanges do not inspire confidence in me, since I consider them hype (read my review of ShareInStock). But many reputable sources call them real companies. When you go to the exchange, you will see audited and verified companies in which you can buy shares. All you have to do is choose a suitable startup and buy a share in it. For simplicity 7 points.

For purchasing shares on the stock exchange, the company will pay you dividends in the amount of 2% to 7% per month. In addition, an investor can sell his shares if the company develops and its shares increase in price. He can also sell shares if they lose value and he realizes that he has invested in a shell company. For profitability 6 points.

You need to understand that startups are a risky type of investment. According to statistics, 70% of them are unprofitable, and 20% of these 70% are simply scammers who embezzle investors' money. But even of those companies that are among the 30% of successful ones, half break up in the near future due to internal problems.

One of the ways to invest in startups is crowdinvesting platforms. Unfortunately, in Russia they are not very developed and the minimum amount of investment through them is quite high. But all the companies represented on the site are similar mandatory check. There is also the opportunity to invest directly in startups. For reliability 6 points.

The barrier to entry into this type of investment is not high. 10 points.

If you decide to withdraw money or redistribute it within the share exchange by selling all or part of the purchased shares, then you will need to sell them on the exchange at a price below the market price. The lower the price you set, the faster your shares will be bought. 7 points.

For maximum profitable investment you will have to give your time. It will be necessary to track changes in the value of shares on the stock exchange, selling and buying them. There is no manager here, so you have to do everything yourself. 5 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• Convenient and simple investment procedure.
• Very low entry barrier.
• High potential profitability.

Minuses:

• High risks with passive investing.

Conclusion. If you decide to invest in startups, then it is better to use exchanges. You will pay about 5% for withdrawing money, but you will be protected from scammers.

8. Currencies and precious metals.

Surely, among your friends and acquaintances there is a person who, with a smart face, claims that money should be kept in gold (platinum, dollar, pound, yen, etc.). This approach says that the person does not understand investing, but simply uses popular “stereotypes”.

For example, if you look at the dynamics of gold prices, you will see that since 2012 it has depreciated against the dollar by almost one and a half times.

If you decide to do without the services of managers and buy precious metals or currency yourself to store money in, then this procedure will not be difficult.

You can buy currency at bank branches, or using the services of brokers (which will be more profitable than buying through a bank). You can also change currencies using online and offline exchange offices or payment systems.

Precious metals can also be bought in banks. And it became possible to purchase gold with the help of payment system WebMoney.

Also, do not forget about cryptocurrencies, for example, Bitcoin, which, according to all forecasts, will rise in price in the long term. Buying these assets will not be difficult, so I bet 8 points.

Purchase precious metals or currencies for long-term investment primarily protects you from depreciation national currency. For many countries with weak currencies, this is a smart decision. But rates behave unpredictably, so there may not be any profitability. 2 points.

A beginner does not know which direction the exchange rate will go in the near future, so his investment is more like gambling. Even if people now prefer to keep money in dollars, what is the guarantee that oil will not rise in price in the near future along with the ruble?

You can probably protect yourself from the depreciation of the national currency by storing half of your money, for example, in dollars, and the other half in rubles. This way, if rates fluctuate, you won’t lose anything, but you won’t earn anything either.

Profitability depends on luck and I would bet everything 2 points.

The entry threshold depends on the type of asset and the method of purchase. On the exchange, 1 lot will cost at least $1,000, and through exchange offices or payment systems you can exchange amounts of several dollars. So anyone can buy currency or precious metals. 10 points.

You can sell currency as quickly as you can buy it. IN exchange offices and on exchanges this is done almost instantly. Gold is also a highly liquid asset. 10 points.

In general, trying to influence profits by tracking rates and then selling assets turns you into a trader. And I wouldn’t classify trading as investing. Therefore, I understand investing in currencies and precious metals as “invest and forget.” That's why 10 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• Can protect against depreciation of the national currency.

Minuses:

Conclusion. Buying precious metals and currencies is a very unpredictable way to invest money for a beginner. You can reduce risks and increase profitability either by entrusting money to a manager, or by independently studying trading in the foreign exchange market.

9. Securities.

I think most securities people are only familiar with stocks. The most financially literate will probably be able to name bonds. Only a few people know how to invest money in securities.

In fact, buying securities is no more difficult than buying currency. You also need to contact large bank or to a broker. 7 points for simplicity.

When a beginner buys securities, making a profit is a big question. And, if even a beginner can count on a small income when investing in bonds, then the stock market can bring a loss to a novice investor. 3 points for profitability.

In fact, usually low returns entail low risks, but not in this case. The risks are high in the stock market. 3 points for reliability.

You can start investing from small amount. The entry threshold starts from approximately 1,000 rubles. 9 points.

Securities can be sold on the stock exchange in the same way you bought them. This asset is considered quite liquid. I bet 10 points.

Again, if a person begins to manage his securities on his own, then he already turns from an investor into a trader. Therefore, here we consider only passive investing. 10 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• A simple investment procedure and a low entry threshold.

Minuses:

• For a beginner, this is a risky and low-yield way of investing money.

Conclusion. If you have already decided to invest in securities, then it is better to contact a professional manager who will manage your funds for a small commission. As a newbie, investing in the stock market on your own is more like gambling than investing.

10. Real estate.

There is one stereotype among people: “ The safest investment is buying real estate" But do not forget that real estate includes not only apartments, but also various buildings, structures, water bodies, forests, etc.

In general, there is some truth in this, because many people want to save up for an extra apartment in their old age in order to rent it out and get a good increase in their pension. And if something happens, you can sell it and get good capital.

You can invest in residential or commercial real estate, under construction or already built, suburban or located within the city. The ease of investing also depends on the type of property you choose.

To invest in residential real estate you will need to contact a realtor, look for suitable options, draw up a lot of paperwork and possibly make repairs. As for me, the procedure is quite dreary.

If you decide to buy commercial real estate, then the hassle becomes much greater. You will need to do accounting, pay taxes, manage facilities, and re-register energy supplies. On average I would give it for convenience 2 points.

As for profitability, from residential real estate you can receive no more than 1 percent per month for long-term rent. This is 7-10% per year. Renting residential properties on a daily basis turns into work and is not considered.

If you expect to sell it at a higher price after some time, then it is far from certain that prices will rise. In general, for profitability I would bet 3 points.

Real estate is indeed highly reliable. Unless, of course, this is a facility under construction.

Even if real estate prices fall, you will continue to receive a stable rental income. For reliability I put 9 points.

The entry threshold is high, even if it is a collective purchase of real estate. The minimum investment amount starts from several hundred thousand rubles. I'll put it 2 points.

It often happens that in order to sell real estate (especially commercial real estate) faster, you have to set a very low price. Sometimes properties cannot be sold for several months. I bet 3 points.

If we consider long-term rental of residential real estate, then we will not have to spend much time on management. You will need to find tenants once and then withdraw money once a month. 8 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• A clear scheme for generating income.
• High reliability.
• You don't need any special knowledge or experience in investing.

Minuses:

• High entry threshold.
• Low profitability.

Conclusion. Investing in residential real estate is a way of investing money that is understandable to everyone. This method is especially popular with conservative investors who do not want to take risks.

11. Investments in business.

Of course, here we will not talk about investing in creating a business from scratch, but about buying an existing company. Creating a business from scratch is hard work with unpredictable results. An investor is interested in an established business with streamlined processes that generates a stable income.

To find a company to buy, you can use newspapers or bulletin boards. But most often, the entrepreneur does not talk about the sale of his brainchild, so as not to raise doubts among employees and clients.

Therefore, they prefer to contact brokerage companies that will sell their business. They also distribute information about the sale among friends and acquaintances.

Once you have found a suitable business, you will need to audit it to ensure that business processes are in order. This whole procedure can turn into an insurmountable obstacle for a beginner. 1 point for simplicity and clarity.

Extremely profitable businesses are rarely sold, so you should count on average profitability. Of course, profitability greatly depends on the type of activity and quality of management. I'll put it 6 points.

Many people think that entrepreneurs only sell unprofitable businesses. But actually it is not. The reason for the sale may be: an urgent need for money, disagreements between owners, loss of interest, lack of time (especially if one entrepreneur has several types of business), etc.

The audit will help analyze the reliability, profitability and prospects of the business. Therefore, the chance of buying a loss-making asset is very small. I bet 7 points.

The barrier to entry into this type of investment is relatively high. Yes, there are very small companies, but they don’t cost a penny. Buying a profitable business with streamlined processes is similar in cost to buying real estate.

People often join together in groups to buy a business. For example, several friends and acquaintances buy a company together. But even in this case, the entry threshold remains high. I'll put it 2 points.

If you urgently need money, the company can be sold. If your business is unprofitable, then selling it will be difficult or almost impossible. It is easier to sell a profitable business, but most often this procedure takes a lot of time. That's why 3 points.

If you begin to independently manage the purchased company, you will turn from an investor into a businessman. Therefore you will need to hire executive director who will manage your business. But even in this case, you will have to control it and analyze the company’s activities.

And you will need to select a manager yourself. That's why 2 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• A reliable and profitable type of investment.
• You can choose the business that you like and understand.

Minuses:

• Complex procedure for selecting and registering a business.
• High entry threshold.
• It will be necessary to delve into business processes and, to some extent, manage the company.

Conclusion. I believe that if there is sufficient capital, the purchase ready-made business is one of the best ways to invest money. But it is advisable that you like the type of activity your company does and have at least minimal experience in running a business.

12. Investments in content sites.

This method of investing is similar to investing in a business, but with a simpler purchasing and management process. Again, there is no need to create and promote a website. You can simply buy a ready-made project.

The website itself is more of a tool than an asset. The real asset is the audience that comes to the site every day. this project. The site owner makes profit through advertising, affiliate programs and other sources of monetization.

To purchase a site, you can use the exchange. One of the most popular exchanges in RuNet is Telderi.ru. In the list of sites for sale, you can see all the information on the projects: audience size, profitability, development dynamics, payback period, etc.

The transaction is protected and takes place according to the rules of the auction, where the site goes to the buyer who offers the highest price. For simplicity we can put 4 points.

Typically, normal websites are sold at a price equal to the income from it for 12 months. That is, if a project brings in 20,000 rubles per month, then the fair price for it will be 240,000 rubles.

But in most cases, on such sites, monetization does not work 100%. Thus, after “tweaking” monetization, it will be possible to recoup the investment in 6-10 months. 7 points for profitability.

If the site is made with high quality and was promoted only by “white” methods, then such a contribution can be called reliable. Of course, if you want the project to bring you profit for many more years, then you need to do at least minimal work on it. But the project will be enough for a year or two without additional investments. 8 points for reliability.

In general, some sites are sold very cheaply. You can find it for 500 rubles. But such sites should not be of interest to investors.

You can buy one expensive and high-quality site, or several average ones. Therefore, I do not recommend starting with too small amounts. I'll put it at the entrance threshold 6 points.

If the project ceases to be of interest to you or you need money, you can always sell it on the same exchange. I bet for this 4 points.

When purchasing a site that will bring you passive income, you can make a profit without doing it at all for a year or two. But, over time, without administration and updates, the project will lose its audience, bringing less and less income. I'll put it 4 points.

Pros and cons of this investment method:

Pros:

• A convenient investment amount for everyone.
• High reliability of investments.
• You can develop the project, increasing profits.

Minuses:

• You need to have minimal knowledge about websites and how to monetize them, or seek help from an experienced specialist.

Conclusion. Investing in content, information and other similar sites is one of the best ways to invest. This type of investment can easily be turned into a business by working on purchased sites and increasing profits.

Which method do you like best?