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Socio-economic situation in Russian Federation at the present stage.

The heavy economic legacy inherited from the USSR made it difficult to carry out reforms in Russia. Yet from January 1992 ᴦ. The Russian government, headed by E. T. Gaidar, embarked on economic reforms designed to ensure the transition to the market, to legitimate private property. By this time, the country was in an extremely difficult situation. Over the past year, prices have risen 8-11 times, the gross national product has decreased by 15-20%. There were practically no industrial goods or food products left on the shelves of stores. The extractive industries and the military-industrial complex dominated the Russian economy, megalomania flourished, many enterprises produced obsolete products that no one needed. The economic reform program to bring the country out of the crisis included a number of measures: the liberalization of prices for most goods, i.e., the rejection of their administrative regulation, freedom of trade and privatization - the sale of most state property to private individuals. The chosen path of "shock therapy", according to the supporters of the so-called monetary model of the economy, was supposed to lead to a balance between solvent demand (enterprises and the population) and product supply. It was believed that in the end it would be possible to achieve stabilization of the economy and create the necessary conditions for its recovery. At the same time, optimistic forecasts were not confirmed. The liberalization of prices led to their growth not by 5 times, as planned, but by 100 or more times. Most of the country's population was below the poverty line. Not only did the issue of money unsecured by the mass of commodities not stop, but it constantly grew. In general, for 1992 ᴦ. the issuance of cash has increased compared to 1990 ᴦ. 54 times. Hopes for achieving market equilibrium and curbing inflation have dissipated. The government was forced to establish a high level of taxation, to minimize budget spending on social needs and maintenance of the army, and to resort to other unpopular economic measures. As a result, social tension in society increased. Opposition to the government's course intensified. The stronghold was the Congress of People's Deputies and its Supreme Soviet. Differences also arose within the Russian leadership itself. A number of statesmen, in particular Vice-President A. V. Rutskoi, criticized the reform policy pursued by the Gaidar government. Under pressure from the 7th Congress of People's Deputies, Yeltsin agreed to the resignation of Gaidar, who at that time (December 1992 ᴦ.) served as prime minister. V. S. Chernomyrdin became the new prime minister.

The collapse of the USSR and the collapse of perestroika drew a line under the attempts of socialist reformism. The crisis in all spheres of society, which accompanied the emergence of sovereign states on the ruins of the Soviet Union, was extremely difficult.

In Russia, by the autumn of 1991 ᴦ. the situation in the economic sphere has become catastrophic, especially in the field of food security of the country. Coupons were introduced in all cities. Often these coupons simply had nothing to buy. More than 60 out of 89 Russian regions did not have food grain reserves at all, and flour production was carried out due to the immediate (from wheels) processing of incoming grain by import.

Foreign exchange reserves were almost completely exhausted, and the gold reserve for the first time in the entire existence of the state was less than 300 tons on January 1, 1992 ᴦ. Ruble as currency unit was on the verge of death. This meant that there was no point in engaging in production activities, because nothing could be bought with the rubles earned from the sale. The country fell into collapse, the threat of hunger and cold became real. What to do in this situation? Theoretically, there were two ways:

The first is to introduce emergency measures and supply the cities with food by force, but this path in the 20th century. the country has already passed several times;

The second is to liberalize the economy through radical reforms.

In the last months of 1991 ᴦ. President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin formed a government consisting of young reformers, in which the leading role was played by the scientist-economist E.T. Gaidar.
Hosted on ref.rf
He was a proponent of liberal market reforms and took responsibility for the difficult and painful decisions to implement the reform.

The reforms proposed by E.T. Gaidar, aggravated the majority social problems:

Chronic delays in the payment of wages began;

Unemployment appeared, the growth of which constantly increased;

The criminogenic situation in society has become aggravated;

The standard of living of a significant part of the population began to fall;

Property stratification, unprecedented in recent years, has become a reality;

The demographic situation has worsened (a drop in the birth rate, an increase in mortality); The brain drain has taken on a mass character abroad, where decent conditions for work and life are created for them.

The transformation of the socio-economic system was very difficult and had a negative trend in terms of the growth of internal gross product(GDP) until 1996 ᴦ. The first signs of economic growth appeared in 1997, when the volume industrial products increased compared to the previous year.

The financial crisis of August 17, 1998 ᴦ., for all its severity and tragedy for part of the country's population, turned out to be a positive fact specifically for the domestic industry. Collapsed financial pyramids that diverted funds from real sector economy, surplus imports decreased. Production (including in the military-industrial complex) began to revive. Favorable for Russia in 1999–2007. There was also a conjuncture for oil on world markets, which made it possible to significantly increase state revenues. Since 2000. GDP has a steady, on average 6%, annual growth. During this period, Russia managed to pay off its external debts. At the same time, much remains to be done before the Russian economy becomes strong, competitive and prosperous.

Socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation at the present stage. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation at the present stage." 2017, 2018.

The heavy economic legacy inherited from the USSR made it difficult to carry out reforms in Russia. Nevertheless, since January 1992, the Russian government, headed by E. T. Gaidar, began economic reforms designed to ensure the transition to the market, to legitimate private property. By this time, the country was in an extremely difficult situation. Over the past year, prices have risen 8-11 times, the gross national product has decreased by 15-20%. There were practically no industrial goods or food products left on the shelves of stores. The extractive industries and the military-industrial complex dominated the Russian economy, megalomania flourished, many enterprises produced obsolete products that no one needed. The economic reform program to bring the country out of the crisis included a number of measures: the liberalization of prices for most goods, i.e., the rejection of their administrative regulation, freedom of trade and privatization - the sale of most state property to private individuals. The chosen path of "shock therapy", according to the supporters of the so-called monetary model of the economy, was supposed to lead to a balance between solvent demand (enterprises and the population) and product supply. It was believed that in the end it would be possible to achieve stabilization of the economy and create the necessary conditions for its recovery. However, optimistic forecasts were not confirmed. The liberalization of prices led to their growth not by 5 times, as planned, but by 100 or more times. Most of the country's population was below the poverty line. Not only did the issue of money unsecured by the mass of commodities not stop, but it constantly grew. On the whole, in 1992, the issue of cash increased by 54 times compared to 1990. Hopes for achieving market equilibrium and curbing inflation have dissipated. The government was forced to establish a high level of taxation, to minimize budget spending on social needs and maintenance of the army, and to resort to other unpopular economic measures. As a result, social tension in society increased. Opposition to the government's course intensified. The stronghold was the Congress of People's Deputies and its Supreme Soviet. Differences also arose within the Russian leadership itself. A number of statesmen, in particular Vice-President A. V. Rutskoi, criticized the reform policy pursued by the Gaidar government. Under pressure from the 7th Congress of People's Deputies, Yeltsin agreed to the resignation of Gaidar, who at that time (December 1992) was acting prime minister. V. S. Chernomyrdin became the new prime minister.

The collapse of the USSR and the collapse of perestroika drew a line under the attempts of socialist reformism. The crisis in all spheres of society, which accompanied the emergence of sovereign states on the ruins of the Soviet Union, was extremely difficult.

In Russia, by the autumn of 1991, the situation in the economic sphere had become catastrophic, especially in the field of the country's food supply. Coupons were introduced in all cities. Often these coupons simply had nothing to buy. More than 60 out of 89 Russian regions did not have food grain reserves at all, and flour production was carried out due to the immediate (from wheels) processing of incoming grain by import.

Foreign exchange reserves were almost completely exhausted, and for the first time in the history of the existence of the state, the gold reserve was less than 300 tons on January 1, 1992. The ruble as a monetary unit was on the verge of death. This meant that there was no point in engaging in production activities, because nothing could be bought with the rubles earned from the sale. The country fell into collapse, the threat of hunger and cold became real. What to do in this situation? Theoretically, there were two ways:

The first is to introduce emergency measures and supply the cities with food by force, but this path is in the 20th century. the country has already passed several times;

The second is to liberalize the economy through radical reforms.

In the last months of 1991, President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin formed a government consisting of young reformers, in which the leading role was played by the scientist-economist E.T. Gaidar. He was a proponent of liberal market reforms and took responsibility for the difficult and painful decisions to implement the reform.

The reforms proposed by E.T. Gaidar, exacerbated most of the social problems:

Chronic delays in the payment of wages began;

Unemployment appeared, the growth of which constantly increased;

The criminogenic situation in society has become aggravated;

The standard of living of a significant part of the population began to fall;

Property stratification, unprecedented in recent years, has become a reality;

The demographic situation has worsened (a drop in the birth rate, an increase in mortality); "brain drain" abroad has taken on a massive character, where decent conditions for work and life are created for them.

The transformation of the socio-economic system was very difficult and had a negative trend in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) growth until 1996. The first signs of economic growth appeared in 1997, when industrial output increased compared to the previous year.

The financial crisis of August 17, 1998, despite its severity and tragedy for part of the country's population, turned out to be a positive fact for the domestic industry. Financial pyramid schemes that diverted funds from the real sector of the economy collapsed, and excess imports decreased. Production (including in the military-industrial complex) began to revive. Favorable for Russia in 1999-2007. There was also a conjuncture for oil on world markets, which made it possible to significantly increase state revenues. Since 2000, GDP has had a steady, on average 6%, annual growth. During this period, Russia managed to pay off its foreign debts. However, much remains to be done before the Russian economy becomes strong, competitive and prosperous.

2.1 General socio-economic situation in Russia

In the last five years, since 2000, Russia has been experiencing fairly rapid economic growth. It began in 1999, but the growth of social indicators began a year later. Before that, there was a deep socio-economic crisis. There are several reasons for the long-term Russian crisis, which lasted 10 years:

the first factor: The crisis erupted due to the inability of the planned economy to effectively manage the economy

second factor: the crisis was exacerbated by the collapse of the Soviet Union. Its republics constituted a single national economic complex, and the loss of close ties between these republics naturally affected the decline in production.

third factor: Our country was quite militarized, the share of defense industries was huge. During the crisis, the production of military equipment fell dramatically - 11 times. The crisis also affected related industries, which were provided by the defense industry.

fourth factor: The actual transition to the market. This is an extremely painful thing, associated with a huge reduction in production.

The crisis was exceptionally severe and developed very unevenly. Compared to the pre-crisis year of 1989, the gross domestic product has almost halved, industry has more than halved, and investment has 5 times. Unemployment amounted to 13% of the population. The worst indicator was depopulation - the death rate in Russia was 1.8 times higher than the birth rate. And, finally, in 1998, the financial crisis was superimposed on the general socio-economic crisis. Industrial production fell another 5%.

To date, we are still at the stage of overcoming the crisis, it is still far from a complete exit. However, after a five-year leap forward, today the figures look somewhat better. In general, over five years, gross domestic product has grown by about 30%, real money income by 45%, investment by 40%, real wages have increased by 75% over the past four years. Development during these five years was mainly due to the positive impact of the ruble devaluation, and therefore due to exports. The so-called “backlash” against the economic decline, that is, recovery growth, also had an effect.

So, let's take a closer look at individual indicators of the standard of living of the population of Russia.

2.2 Gross domestic product (GDP)

Indicator of national income statistics in the system of national accounts; expresses the total value of final goods and services produced in the territory of a given country, in market prices. In its in-kind form, GDP is a set of items and services used during a given year for consumption and accumulation.

Table 1.1 Volume and dynamics of the Gross Domestic Product in 2000-2005:

Year	Gross domestic product (billion rubles)	Absolute growth (per year)	Growth rate (%)	Growth rate (%)	Absolute value of 1% increase
2000	7306	2483	151,48	51,48	48,23
2001	8944	1638	122,42	22,42	73,06
2002	10831	1887	121,10	21,10	89,44
2003	13243	2412	122,27	22,27	108,31
2004	16752	3509	126,50	26,50	132,43
2005	13134,42	1072	106,40	6,40	167,52

GDP characterizes the final result of the production activity of all resident production units. It is regarded as the most general indicator of a country's economic activity and well-being. As can be seen from this table, the welfare of Russia in the period from 2000 to 2005 has been rapidly improving. It is especially necessary to note the year 2000, at that moment the GDP growth amounted to 51.48%, that is, it doubled. This is a colossal breakthrough, because at that time Russia was at the very beginning of its way out of the crisis. Such a high level was achieved due to a large increase in exports and the emergence of many goods that can replace imports.

Chart 2.1

However, after 2000, the growth weakened, which is clearly seen in the graph, by 2002 the decline reached a level of less than 22%. This is due to the fact that the previously incredibly beneficial devaluation factor began to lose its significance every year. The dollar stopped growing, and by 2004 it grew by 20%, while prices increased by 2.5 times. The devaluation effect disappeared.

To date, the ministry economic development Russia predicts growth of this indicator by an average of 6% in the next two years, in addition main task for the next decade is doubling Russian GDP. At the same time, to accomplish this task, the consolidation of the political forces of society is necessary. Doubling GDP is a large-scale task that will require a deep analysis and refinement of existing approaches to economic policy. However, experts are confident that the country has all the conditions to solve this problem. Russia is quite capable of doubling its economic potential in 10 years if the average annual growth rates are kept at the level of the first quarter of 2004.

3. Prospects and tasks of the socio-economic development of Russia

The basis for constant, high-quality and safe economic growth as a condition for socio-economic development is created in areas that contribute to the development of human potential: education, science, culture, healthcare, social protection Therefore, ensuring their normal functioning is the main social function of the state.

Currently, there is no balance between the social obligations of the state and its ability to mobilize social resources.

State development policy social insurance should be considered in a single context with its economic and financial policies. Coordinated and purposeful actions are required to improve the overall living standard. This implies a combination of accelerated economic growth with an effective system of income tax measures, with control over the prices of goods included in the "physiological minimum basket". These measures are among the most important strategic tasks for ensuring economic and social stability in society. It is also necessary to emphasize their interconnectedness. After all, even modest economic growth creates favorable conditions for expanding the base of taxes and contributions to social insurance funds, helps to reduce unemployment and expands access to social assistance systems. At the same time, social peace in society, stable and friendly relations between employees and employers, achieved to a large extent with the help of the social insurance system, it is legitimate, along with labor and capital, to consider as another, third, production factor. Developed social insurance systems are able to have a positive impact on the state of the economy and the social status of workers through rational redistribution of income, active stimulation of savings of the population, increase in its purchasing power.

In the medium term, it is necessary to prevent a further increase in the gap between Russia and developed countries, and in the long term, to restore and strengthen Russia's position as one of the leading countries in world development. The most important condition for leadership in post-industrial society is the development of human potential, improving the quality of life of the population.

In the main directions of the socio-economic policy of the Government of the Russian Federation for the long term, it is planned to ensure by 2010 "Russia's exit to a qualitatively new level of development, characterized by a growing economy, an efficient state, the presence of an independent middle class, and stable social and political relations."

Conclusion

In my opinion, I fulfilled the tasks assigned to me, I covered a large amount of material, while highlighting the main points and problems of the market economy and the socio-economic situation in Russia.

I identified the main causes, conditions, principles of transition to a market economy. He also gave an objective assessment of the results of market reforms, set the main tasks of the economy for the future.

After analyzing, in my opinion, the most important and representative statistical indicators, I gave a general description of the socio-economic situation of the country. The work also reflects the main goals and prospects for the development of the country in the future, and sets tasks for further development.

Russia is a legal social state, the idea of ​​which, formulated by the international community for the modern type market economy, consists in the political and legal ordering of the life of society on the principles of humanism, the implementation of a complex of social and protective functions, and the creation of conditions for the development of civil society.

List of used literature

1. Aukutsionek S.P. “Theory of transition to the market” - Publishing house SvR - Argus, Moscow, 1995.

2. Brew S.L., McConnell K.R. "Economics" 13th edition - Infra-M Publishing House, Moscow, 1999.

Currently, the Russian Federation is experiencing a downward trend in economic activity. Thus, from January to November 2015, the country's GDP decreased by 3.8%. The real disposable cash income of the population, compared with 2014, decreased by 3.5%, and the real wages of employees of organizations by 9.2%. The real incomes of the population, salaries and pensions decreased in 73 regions of the country.

Stagnation is observed in industrial production, the only exception is mining (a decrease of only 0.1%, y/y). As of November 2015, sales of industrial products remain in the red. However, demand continues to decline no longer as intensively as in previous months (Bozhechkova, Burdyak, Grishina, 2015). Industrial production is declining due to rising costs, lack of investment and low demand caused by a reduction in real incomes of the population.

An analysis of the socio-economic situation of the population shows that about half of them report a deterioration in the economic situation in the country, and a third of the respondents believe that this situation will continue for one to two or more years. Due to rising prices, the population of the country reduces its consumption. Index consumer prices in 2015 increased by 12.1%, which indicates an increase in the cost of the basic basket of goods and services and, as a result, the transition of households to a selective savings model of consumption.

As of November 2015, the number of unemployed in Russia is 4.4 million people (5.8% economically active population) . At the same time, the number of part-time workers who are idle at the initiative of the administration and on vacation is 258.5 thousand people. The factor in the increase in the unemployment rate is the decrease in the need of employers for employees, for example, in November 2015 the number of vacancies decreased by 81 thousand. The number of employees in organizations is also decreasing by an average of 1% per year across the country. In the last months of 2015, there was an increase in wage arrears, which, as of December 1, amounted to 3.9 billion rubles. Wage arrears increased significantly in the production and distribution of electricity, in construction and transport.

According to the results of January-November 2015, the retail trade turnover decreased by 9.3%. Moreover, the share of food retail turnover is steadily growing. At the same time, the level of commodity stocks in retail trade remains stable and is 38 days in November.

The volume of paid services to the population keeps negative dynamics. The decline in this area is influenced by the reduction in the consumption of a group of “mandatory” services to the population, such as communication services, transport, and housing and communal services, which occupy 60% in the structure of paid services to the population. In segments such as physical culture and sports services, cultural institutions, hotels and similar accommodations, as well as health and wellness and medical services, an increase in volume is observed. Therefore, due to the situation in foreign exchange market and the weakening of the ruble exchange rate, a part of the country's population cannot afford holidays abroad, preferring domestic tourism.

The issuance of loans to the population in 2015 decreased due to the tightening of the rules for their issuance, higher interest rates on loans, changes in the foreign exchange market and a decrease in activity in the housing market. Having paid off a loan, borrowers do not take new ones, which reduces the population's debt to banks as a whole, but the share of overdue loans is growing.

Disproportions persist in Russia regional development which took shape back in Soviet times and still manifest themselves at all levels, from federal districts to municipalities. The regions of the Russian Federation can be divided into five groups (Belkina, 2015):

• 1. Large cities with developed modern sectors of the economy, including post-industrial ones. These cities are characterized by a high degree of development of the service sector and human capital and well-developed infrastructure. The cities of this group are the political and financial centers of the country. Examples of such cities are Moscow and St. Petersburg.
• 2. Regions with developed industrial production. These regions are characterized by the presence of machine-building industries, the chemical industry, high-tech instrumentation, and so on. In this group, as in the first, there is a high degree of development of infrastructure and human capital. Examples of regions from this group are the Moscow and Leningrad regions, as well as some cities of the Urals
• 3. Special economic zones in which favorable conditions have been created for conducting economic activity. These regions are characterized by a favorable geographical position, which is manifested in the presence of ports, intersections of transport links, border position with developed countries and a favorable climate. There are four types of special economic zones: industrial-production, tourist-recreational, technology-innovative and port. Examples of these regions are the Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Stavropol Territory.
• 4. Regions specializing in the extraction, processing and export of raw materials. This group includes regions that produce low value-added products that are in demand on the world market. Examples of regions from this group are the Tyumen and Sakhalin regions, the regions of the Urals and Siberia.
• 5. Regions remote from the center (periphery). These regions are characterized by low levels of human capital and/or population density. The infrastructure in them is rather poorly developed. They are dominated by weakly mechanized and agricultural production. There are also mono-industrial regions. Examples are the regions of the northern part of the country, Eastern Siberia, Far East, Lower Volga region, North Caucasus and others.

The first four groups of regions are considered to be regions of advanced development; all of them are characterized by a high quality of human capital for the country and developed infrastructure, which allows maintaining a relatively high standard of living for the population. The regions of the fifth group are considered regions of lagging development. During the Soviet period, large industrial and scientific centers were created in a number of them, but later they were ruined and closed. Currently, these regions are subsidized, characterized by a low standard of living compared to other regions of the Russian Federation and high mobility of the population, which prefers moving to more attractive regions.

In the first half of the 2000s, inequality between regions gradually decreased in Russia. As before, clear leaders stood out, Moscow and St. Petersburg, which remained the centers of the economic and political life of the country, but the gap between all regions of Russia was narrowing from year to year.

This process slowed down and practically stopped in 2008. Due to the financial crisis, many large projects in the regions were canceled and frozen, which contributed to the deterioration of the economic climate both in them and in the country as a whole. This period is characterized by a refusal to invest in projects with a long payback period, the withdrawal of investments from the country and an increase in the mobility of the population. Subsequently, as the economic situation improved, disproportions between regions began to decrease again, but a new wave of economic crisis and the sanctions applied to Russia can again stop this process(Kuznetsova, 2015).

Such a development of the situation could not but affect the state and development opportunities in the regional systems of school education. Changes in school education in the country as a whole should be considered in more detail.

Financing of education in 2015 in the country sharply to 405.54 billion rubles. For comparison, in 2014, 3,037.29 billion rubles were spent on education. Thus, over the year, even without recalculation in comparable prices, public funding decreased by more than 7 times.

The reduction in funding, in particular, is associated with the law on normative per capita financing of educational institutions that came into force. The budget of educational institutions has become directly dependent on the number of students. However, the amount of payment per student varies significantly in different regions of the country, as it depends on the regional calculated per capita standard, which is determined according to the budget of the region. This situation leads to a gap between regions in terms of such an important indicator from the point of view of motivation as the ratio of the efforts expended by the teacher and the amount received by him. salary. This favors the relocation of teachers to more attractive regions.

There was no significant difference in the perception of parents of students of the school situation in different regions, despite significant objective differences in the standard of living, not revealed (Klyachko, Avraamova, Loginov, 2014). Regardless of the region of Russia, parents make the same requirements for teachers and expect similar results. The difference in the salaries of teachers from different regions does little to stimulate a reduction in the differentiation of schools in terms of the quality of education.

There is a tendency to reduce the number of secondary educational institutions in the country. Thus, over the period from 2012 to 2015, their number decreased from 46.2 thousand secondary educational institutions to 42.6 thousand. same period increased from 13,713 thousand people to 14,666 thousand students (according to Rosstat) . Therefore, given this trend, we can say that the number of students studying in one educational institution will increase. And in connection with the per capita funding of educational institutions, the amount of funding for a separate secondary educational institution will increase in direct proportion to the increase in the number of students.

With the introduction of the mandatory USE in the Russian Federation, a universal criterion for evaluating the activities of teachers and the school as a whole has been formed. As the country develops, the attitude towards the activities of teachers on the part of the leadership and parents of students is gradually changing (Avraamova, Belyakov, Klyachko, 2015).

As a result, a study of educational institutions in four regions of Russia showed that competition between schools has intensified, not only to attract new students, but also teachers. Thanks to the results of the Unified State Examination and the availability of information in open sources, most parents try to send their children to those schools that have the best results. Accordingly, schools are interested in attracting teachers who are more focused on preparing for the USE.

At the same time, only 25% of parents believe that school preparation for passing the exam will be enough. Most prefer to apply for additional education to tutors in all subjects of interest. Teachers largely agree with the opinion of parents. Thus, only 33% of the teachers surveyed believe that most schools can give students the knowledge and skills to pass the GIA and the Unified State Exam for high scores without additional training.

As a result, the requirements of parents to the school are reduced to three main areas: to give children the knowledge necessary in later life and work; provide socialization; to instill a penchant for sports and productive leisure activities. Moreover, specialized schools cope better with this task (Klyachko, Avraamova, Loginov, 2014). However, assessments of the implementation of these tasks remain at a low level. Only 45% of the parents surveyed believe that these tasks are being implemented at least to some extent.

Thus, there is a change in the perception of the goals of the school and school education on the part of the parents of students, who are one of the most important categories of stakeholders, which largely determines the own goals of secondary education organizations. Accordingly, the system of motivation among teachers may gradually change, on which the opinion inevitably begins to put pressure on the fact that the most important function of the school is the socialization of children, while the knowledge for entering higher educational institutions is “acquired” from tutors or from themselves, acting in that capacity, but on a private basis.

In 2013, schools in Russia switched to remuneration of teachers depending on the success of their students. An increase in wages occurs in the form of an increase in the bonus part when students achieve certain successes. The criteria for success are expressed in prizes at various conferences and competitions, as well as the results of the Unified State Examination, State Examination and various monitoring.

This payment system has existed in European countries for several years. According to research, student performance after the introduction of wages, depending on the success of students, improves student performance by 25% in mathematics and literature, and by 15.4% in other subjects (Woessmann, 2011). At the same time, there was no direct connection between the size of the dependent part of the teacher's salary and the progress of students. That is, the size of the remuneration of the teacher in case of success of his students does not have a significant impact on the progress of students, only the fact that the salary is directly related to the grades of students is important.

The population of the country in 2015 was 146.3 million people (increased by 2.6 million people compared to 2014), which indicates that the demographic rise within the country continues. To provide the population with secondary education, there are 42.6 thousand general educational organizations, in which at the beginning of 2015 14666 thousand people studied and 1054 thousand teachers worked (according to Rosstat) .

It should be noted that since 2008 the number of students in general education institutions has been on average at the level of 137 thousand people, while the number of teachers in 2009 decreased by 304 thousand and continued to decline until 2014. Therefore, the average The number of students per teacher has increased. So, in 2008 it was 9.77 students, and now it is 13.91 people (according to Rosstat) .

The ongoing education reform in Russia unites general education and preschool institutions into single centers, which contributes to a reduction in funding for education in general. The consequence is that part of the teachers, in connection with the emerging changes, is forced to look for a new job.