SNiP 31-02 imposes requirements on strength and deformability for foundations, basement walls and floors on the ground at the calculated values ​​of impacts and loads, durability. The walls of heated basements and floors on the ground must also comply with the requirements for resistance to heat transfer from energy saving conditions, for protection against penetration of atmospheric and ground moisture and air into the structure, to prevent the accumulation of water vapor condensate inside the structure, as well as to protect the premises of the house from the penetration of ground gases .

The requirements for providing thermal insulation, protection against air penetration and vapor permeability are given in.

5.1. General design requirements

5.1.1 The bases and foundations of houses must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01, and when building houses in the conditions of permafrost distribution, the requirements of SNiP 2.02.04.

5.1.2 Natural foundations should be made of cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete blocks, or masonry.

5.1.3 Foundations should be placed under walls, columns, pilasters, fireplaces and chimneys. It is allowed not to provide for the widening of the base of the foundation under the monolithic concrete walls of the basement, if the design resistance of the soil is not exceeded.

5.1.4 Material requirements

5.1.4.1 Monolithic concrete structures must be erected from heavy concrete of a compressive strength class of at least B 12.5.

5.1.4.2 The frost resistance grade of concrete must not be lower than that required by SNiP 2.03.01 for the corresponding climatic conditions of the construction area.

5.1.4.3 When constructing foundations and basement walls, cement mortars of a compressive strength grade of at least M 100 and a frost resistance grade of at least F 25 should be used.

5.2. Site preparation

5.2.1 Fertile soil and vegetation, including roots, stumps and wood waste, as well as debris, must be removed from the building site of the house.

5.2.2 In areas infested with ants (clearings, clearings, etc.), after uprooting of stumps, the soil should be removed to a depth of at least 300 mm.

5.2.3 The bottom of pits, trenches, pits for the construction of foundations (hereinafter referred to as pits) must be cleaned to soil with an undisturbed structure.

If, according to the project, a trench with laid communications is located under the foundation, then it must be filled with compacted soil or concrete of a class of at least B 7.5 to the level of the base of the foundation.

5.2.4 During the construction of the house, measures should be taken to drain ground and surface water from the pits. In winter, freezing of foundation soils is not allowed.

5.2.5 If necessary, on the building site of the house, measures must be taken to protect against underground and surface waters, which include the vertical planning of the territory and drainage.

5.3. Depth of laying and dimensions of foundations

5.3.1 The depth and dimensions of foundations on a natural foundation should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01.

Number of floors (floors)	Minimum belt width foundation, mm		The minimum area of ​​the base of the foundation for the columns at a step of 3 m, m2
	under the outer walls	under interior walls
Notes: The minimum width of the strip foundation for the outer walls of the house, lined with stone (brick) masonry on a wooden frame, should be taken from this table plus 65 mm for the lined wall of the first floor and 65 mm for each next floor of the house. The area of ​​the base of the foundations for columns located with a step different from that given in the table should be taken in proportion to the decrease or increase in the step of the columns. In the case of a description of the foundation on draining soils when the groundwater level is located under the base of the foundation within a depth less than the width of the foundation, the tabular values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be doubled

5.3.2 It is allowed to arrange shallow foundations in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01.

Prefabricated concrete blocks must be made of concrete of a class not lower than B 12.5 and comply with the requirements of GOST 6133 or GOST 13579.

5.4.5 In places where support platforms for floor beams are arranged, the thickness of the basement wall in the upper section can be reduced to 90 mm. In this case, the height of the wall section with a reduced thickness should be no more than 350 mm.

5.4.6 In the case of cladding the exterior walls of the house with brickwork, it is allowed to continue this cladding on the above-ground part of the basement wall. At the same time, the thickness of the above-ground part of these walls in the lined areas can be reduced to 90 mm.

Facing brickwork must be attached to the basement wall with metal ties, spaced in increments of no more than 200 mm vertically and no more than 900 mm horizontally. The gap between the basement wall and the cladding must be filled with mortar.

5.4.7 The mark of the top of the outer walls of the basements should be at least 150 mm higher than the planning mark of the ground.

If the outer walls of the ground floor have wood paneling or plaster on wooden lathing, the distance from the bottom of the paneling (plaster) to the level of the layout should be at least 250 mm.

5.5. Columns, pillars and pilasters

5.5.1.1 The requirements of this subsection apply to columns, pillars (masonry) and pilasters supporting basement floor joists, bearing loads from no more than two floors, as well as columns (pillars) supporting car park roofs. In cases where the above conditions, as well as the conditions for are not met, the cross-sectional dimensions of the supports for the ceiling above the basement (ground floor) and the requirements for the support nodes of the runs should be determined by calculation, taking into account the forces in the frame elements arising from all types of influences, including wind. It is recommended if the basement planning conditions ( ground floor) this allows you to place load-bearing internal walls in their premises, on which, in this case, the ceilings will rest.

5.5.1.2 Columns (pillars) must be fixed in the center of the foundations. The design of the columns must ensure their connection with the structural elements of the ceiling resting on them.

5.5.1.3 External columns (pillars) shall be anchored in foundations and connected to floor structures with anchor bolts.

5.5.1.4 Wooden columns during their installation should be separated from concrete with polyethylene film or roofing material.

5.5.1.5 Steel columns should be used in houses no more than two stories high.

5.5.2 Column dimensions

5.5.2.1 The cross-sectional dimensions of columns (pillars) under loads o shall be at least:

• for columns made of steel pipes - outer diameter 73 mm, wall thickness 4.8 mm;
• for wooden columns of round section - diameter 184 mm; rectangular section - 140 x 140 mm;
• for monolithic concrete columns of circular cross section - diameter 230 mm; rectangular section - 200 x 200 mm;
• for masonry pillars - 288 x 288; 190 x 390 mm.

It is allowed to use steel columns of rectangular or square section, minimum dimensions which must be calculated.

5.5.2.2 The width of the upper supporting slabs of the columns shall not be less than the floor elements resting on them. It is allowed not to arrange the upper base plate for a metal column if a metal beam rests on the column and their connection is structurally provided.

5.5.3 Pilasters should be installed in basement walls with a thickness of not more than 140 mm, in places where floor elements are supported. The pilasters must be securely connected to the basement wall along their entire height.

5.5.4 The upper part of the basement walls and pilasters with a height of at least 200 mm in the places where the floor elements are supported must have a solid section.

5.6. Flooring on the ground in the basements and covering the ground in the underground

5.6.1 The requirements of this subsection apply to floors that are not a bearing element of foundations and are arranged in the form of a monolithic concrete slab laid on the natural base soil or on the underlying layer.

5.6.2 The underlying layer of the floor on the ground from compacted crushed stone or coarse sand must be at least 100 mm thick. The content of particles smaller than 4 mm in this layer should be no more than 10% by weight.

5.6.3 It is allowed not to arrange an underlying layer under the floors of parking lots, as well as terraces, if ground gases do not pose a danger.

5.6.4 The penetration of water under the floors along the ground should be prevented by the vertical planning of the territory and the drainage device.

5.6.5 In the presence of groundwater hydrostatic pressure under the floors, the concrete slab should be designed to withstand hydrostatic pressure.

5.6.6 Between the concrete floor slab and the base, a material should be laid that prevents the adhesion of the concrete of the slab to the base (for example, polyethylene film).

5.6.7 Wooden floors, arranged on a concrete slab, must be made of lumber protected from decay in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11.

5.6.8 Floors on the ground in heated basements should consist of:

• monolithic concrete slab with a thickness of at least 50 mm;
• polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm.

5.6.9 Soil covering in undergrounds, as well as in unheated basements, is recommended to be arranged from:

• asphalt layer with a thickness of at least 50 mm;
• monolithic concrete slab with a thickness of at least 100 mm;
• a layer of rolled waterproofing or roofing material or a layer of polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm.

5.7. Foundation drainage and surface drainage

5.7.1 Drainage under the base of the foundations of the outer walls of the house, the outer walls of basements or subfloors, as well as under the floors on the ground, can be carried out using drainage pipes or by arranging a drainage layer.

5.7.2 Drainage pipes and drainage layer shall be laid on undisturbed ground or on compacted preparation.

5.7.3 Drainage pipes should be laid on the outside of the foundation or under the floors on the ground so that the top of the pipes is below the concrete slab of the floor on the ground.

5.7.4 Laid drainage pipes from the side and from above to a height of at least 150 mm should be covered with drainage material (crushed stone or coarse sand) with a content of particles less than 4 mm in size, not more than 10% by weight. The thickness of this layer under the base of the foundation must be at least 125 mm, and in terms of the layer it must protrude 300 mm beyond the outer edges of the foundation. On wet construction sites, where part of the material of the drainage layer is embedded in the soil, the thickness of this layer should be increased so that the thickness of the base of the layer not contaminated with soil is at least 125 mm.

5.8. Moisture and waterproofing of basements and technical undergrounds

5.8.1 General

5.8.1.1 The outer surfaces of the walls of basements and technical undergrounds, as well as floors on the ground, must have layers:

• moisture insulation, if the planning mark of the earth is above the ground level on the inside of the basement wall;
• waterproofing, if there is a risk of hydrostatic pressure from groundwater.

5.8.1.2 Coatings of underground structures (channels, wells, sewage tanks) must be waterproofed to prevent water from entering the structures.

5.8.1.3 For moisture insulation or waterproofing, roll roofing and waterproofing materials that meet the requirements of GOST 30547, or roofing and waterproofing mastics that meet the requirements of GOST 30693 are used.

5.8.1.4 Prior to the installation of moisture-proof or waterproofing layers, the outer surfaces of the basement walls must be plastered with cement mortar with a thickness of at least 6 mm. At the same time, on the walls of monolithic concrete, all the recesses and irregularities remaining after stripping must be sealed with cement mortar flush with the concrete surface.

The plaster layer must be connected by a fillet to the foundation at the place where the wall rests on it.

5.8.2 Moisture barrier

5.8.2.1 In the case when a finishing layer is arranged on the inside of the basement wall or when wooden elements are installed to fasten the thermal insulation or finishing layer in contact with the inner surface of the wall, the part of this surface located below the level of the ground level shall have a moisture-proof layer.

5.8.2.2 Moisture-proofing material should be applied to the plastered outer and smooth inner surfaces of cellar walls.

5.8.2.3 When installing floors on the ground, the moisture-proof layer is laid under the concrete floor slab.

In the case of a separate floor structure on a concrete slab, it is allowed to lay a moisture-proof layer on top of the concrete slab with its insertion into the joints between the slab and the foundations.

5.8.2.4 The moisture-proof layer laid under the slab must consist of a polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm or rolled waterproofing material. Butt joints of film or roll materials must be overlapped with an overlap width of at least 100 mm.

5.8.2.5 The moisture-proof layer laid over the slab shall consist of at least two layers of bitumen applied by coating, or polyethylene film, or other material with similar properties.

5.8.3 Waterproofing device

5.8.3.1 A waterproofing layer should be placed on the plastered outer surface of the basement walls from at least two layers of bitumen-based waterproofing material, glued onto the bitumen layer and coated with bitumen on top.

5.8.3.2 In the presence of hydrostatic groundwater pressure in the floors along the ground, a membrane waterproofing system should be installed, which consists of two layers of concrete with a thickness of at least 75 mm each and a layer of bitumen or other waterproofing coating material between them, brought to the waterproofing layers on the basement walls.

5.9. Soil gas protection

5.9.2 Ground floor protection

5.9.2.1 Joints between the floor slab on the ground and basement walls, as well as all gaps in the slabs on the ground in places where pipes and other structural elements are passed, must be sealed using non-hardening sealants.

5.9.2.2 Openings for water drainage in floor slabs along the ground shall have hydraulic seals to prevent penetration of ground gases.

5.9.2.3 The insulating layer is laid under the concrete floor slab. In the case of flooring over a concrete slab, the insulation layer is placed over the concrete slab.

When laying the insulating layer under the slab, the butt joints of the vapor barrier material must be overlapped with an overlap width of at least 300 mm.

When laying the insulation layer on top of the slab, the joints of the vapor barrier material must be sealed.

5.9.3 Protection of cellar walls

5.9.3.1 In the absence of moisture insulation on the inner surface of the walls, the blocks of the lower row of the wall should not have voids, and at the junction of the floor slab to the wall, a waterproofing layer should be laid, attached to the wall and the floor slab with a plastic sealing compound or brought under the floor slab.

5.10. backfilling

5.10.1 In cases where the design of the house does not provide for measures to ensure the resistance of the walls of the basements to the forces arising from the backfilling of the sinuses and the pit (for example, buttresses, pilasters), backfilling should be performed after the installation of the ceiling above the basement or underground.

5.10.2 When performing backfilling of sinuses and pits, measures should be taken to avoid damage to drainage pipes, basement walls and heat-insulating, moisture-proofing, waterproofing and vapor barrier layers applied to them.

5.10.3 Backfill soil should be compacted and sloping away from the house to prevent runoff of surface water to the basement walls.

5.10.4 Backfilling should be carried out with non-rocky soils in the warm season. In the backfill soil within 60 cm from the wall of the house there should not be solid inclusions larger than 250 mm.

BUILDING REGULATIONS
INSULATING AND FINISHING COATINGS
SNiP 3.04.01-87
STATE CONSTRUCTION
USSR COMMITTEE
Moscow 1988

Developed by TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences N. N. Zavrazhin - head of the topic, V. A. Anzigitov) with the participation of the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings of the Gosstroy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences I. P. Kim), TsNIIEP housing of the State Committee for Architecture (candidate of technical sciences D. B. Baulin), NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences Prof. E. D. Belousov, Candidate of Technical Sciences G. S. Agadzhanov), Design Bureau of Glavtonnelmetrostroy of the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the USSR (Ph.D. V. V. Krylova , V. G. Golubova), Department of Soyuzmetrospetsstroy of the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the USSR (A. P. Levina, P. F. Litvina), NIIZhB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. F. M. Ivanova).
Contributed by TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR.
Prepared for approval by the Office of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (D. I. Prokofiev).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings", SNiP III-20-74*, SNiP III-21-73*, SNiP IIIB.14-72 become invalid; GOST 22753-77, GOST 22844-77, GOST 23305-78.
When using a regulatory document, one should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment magazine, the Collection of Changes to Building Codes and Rules of the Gosstroy of the USSR and the information index "State Standards of the USSR" of the State Standard of the USSR.
Building codes and regulations (SNiP 3.04.01-87) - Insulating and finishing coatings
Instead: SNiP III-20-74*; SNiP III-21-73*; SNiP III-B.14-72; GOST 22753-77; GOST 22844-77; GOST 23305-78

1. General Provisions
2. Insulating coatings and roofs
- General requirements
- Preparation of foundations and underlying insulation elements
- Installation of insulation and roofing from rolled materials
- Installation of insulation and roofing from polymer and emulsion-bitumen compositions
- Insulation device from cement mortars, hot mix asphalts, bitumen perlite and bitumen expanded clay
- Production thermal insulation works with the use of soft, rigid and semi-rigid fibrous products and the construction of integumentary shells of thermal insulation from rigid materials
- The device of thermal insulation from plates and bulk materials
- Installation of roofs from piece materials
- Insulation and details of roofs made of metal sheets
- Requirements for finished insulating (roofing) coatings and structural elements
3. Finishing work and protection of building structures and technological equipment from corrosion (anti-corrosion work)
- General provisions
- Surface preparation
- Manufacture of plastering and stucco works
- Production of painting works
- Production of decorative finishing works
- Wallpaper production
- Production of glass works
- Production of facing works
- Installation of suspended ceilings, panels and slabs with front finish in the interiors of buildings
- Requirements for finished finishing coatings
4. Floor arrangement
- General requirements
- Preparation of underlying floor elements
- Installation of concrete underlayment
- Device of couplers
- Soundproofing device
- Waterproofing device
- Requirements for intermediate floor elements
- The device of monolithic coatings
- Installation of coatings from slabs (tiles) and unified blocks
- The device of coatings from wood and products based on it
- The device of coatings from polymeric materials
- Requirements for finished flooring

1. General Provisions

1.1. These building codes and regulations apply to the production and acceptance of work on the installation of insulating, finishing, protective coatings and floors of buildings and structures, with the exception of work due to the special operating conditions of buildings and structures.
1.2. Insulating, finishing, protective coatings and floor structures must be carried out in accordance with the project (finishing coatings in the absence of project requirements - according to the standard). Replacement of materials, products and compositions provided for by the project is allowed only upon agreement with the design organization and the customer.
1.3. Work on the production of thermal insulation works can begin only after the execution of an act (permit) signed by the customer, representatives of the installation organization and the organization performing thermal insulation work.
1.4. The installation of each element of insulation (roof), floor, protective and finishing coatings should be carried out after checking the correctness of the implementation of the corresponding underlying element with the preparation of an inspection certificate for hidden work.
1.5. With appropriate justification, in agreement with the customer and the design organization, it is allowed to assign methods of work performance and organizational and technological solutions, as well as establish methods, volumes and types of registration of quality control of work that differ from those provided for by these rules.

2. INSULATION COATINGS AND ROOFING

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. It is allowed to perform insulation and roofing works from 60 to minus 30°C (works using hot mastics - at an ambient temperature of at least minus 20°C, with the use of water-based compositions without antifreeze additives not lower than 5°C).
2.2. In the bases for roofing and insulation in accordance with the project, it is necessary to perform the following work:
seal the seams between prefabricated slabs;
arrange temperature-shrinkage seams;
mount embedded elements;
plaster vertical surfaces stone structures to the height of the junction of the rolled or emulsion-mastic roofing carpet and insulation.
2.3. Insulating compositions and materials must be applied in continuous and uniform layers or in one layer without gaps and sagging. Each layer must be arranged on the hardened surface of the previous one with leveling of the applied compositions, with the exception of paints. In the preparation and preparation of insulating compositions, the requirements of Table. one.

Table 1

Technical requirements	Limit deviations
Bitumen and tar (pitch) must be used cleaned of impurities and dehydrated. Heating should not exceed, (C: bitumen - 180 tar (pitch) - 140		Measuring, periodic but not less than 4 times per shift, work log
Fillers (aggregates) must be sifted through a sieve with mesh sizes, mm: for sand - 1.5 for pulverized - 2 for fibrous - 4
Permissible humidity of fillers (aggregates): for sand for compositions with sealing additives for other formulations
Temperature of emulsions and their components, С: bitumen - 110 emulsifier solution - 90 latex (when introduced into the emulsion) - 70	Minus 10 C	The same, at least 5-6 times per shift, work log
Uniform distribution of bitumen in bitumen-perlite and bitumen-ceramsite - 90%
Compaction coefficient of bitumen perlite and bitumen expanded clay under pressure 0.67-0.7 MPa - not less than 1.6
Temperature when applying mastics, С: hot bituminous - 160 hot tar - 130 cold (in winter) - 65
Installation of insulations, dispersed-reinforced with glass fiber (fiber glass): fiber dimensions - 20 mm weight ratio of aluminous cement to Portland cement - 90: 10		Measuring, periodic at least 16 measurements per shift (every 0.5 hours of work), work log
Heavy concrete for roofing without insulation coating (roofing) must contain: plasticizing and air-entraining additives, aggregates from graded sand and coarsely graded crushed stone; portland cement - hydrophobic, containing no more than 6% calcium aluminate; crushed stone of igneous rocks or gravel with a temporary resistance of at least 100 MPa in a water-saturated state; granulometric composition of crushed stone, mm: sand of the protective layer of fineness modulus - 2.1 - 3.15		Measuring, periodic, at least 4 times per shift, work log
Gravel and other frost-resistant mineral materials should be sorted and washed

Preparation of bases and underlying insulation elements
2.4. Substrates must be dedusted before applying primers and sealers, including bonding adhesives and mastics.
2.5. Leveling screeds (from cement-sand, gypsum, gypsum-sand mortars and asphalt concrete mixtures) should be arranged in grips 2-3 m wide along guides with leveling and compacting the surface.
2.6. The priming of the surface before applying the adhesive and insulating compositions must be made continuous without gaps and gaps. Priming of screeds made from cement-sand mortars should be carried out no later than 4 hours after their laying, using primers on slowly evaporating solvents (with the exception of screeds with a surface slope of more than 5%, when priming should be performed after they have hardened). When preparing the surface of the base, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table. 2.
The primer should have a strong adhesion to the base, no traces of binder should remain on the tampon applied to it.

table 2

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Permissible deviations of the base surface for rolled and non-rolled emulsion and mastic insulation and roofing: along a slope and on a horizontal surface across a slope and on a vertical surface from piece materials: along and across the slope		Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 of surface or on a smaller area in places determined by visual inspection
Deviations of the plane of the element from the specified slope (over the entire area)
Structural element thickness (from design)
The number of irregularities (smooth outlines with a length of not more than 150 mm) on a surface area of ​​4 m 2	No more than 2
Primer thickness, mm: for roofs made of built-up materials - 0.7 when priming a hardened screed - 0.3 when priming screeds within 4 hours after applying the solution - 0.6

2.7. Humidity of the base before applying the primer should not exceed the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 3. On wet substrates, only water-based primers or insulating compounds may be applied, if the moisture acting on the surface of the substrate does not violate the integrity of the coating film.
2.8. The metal surfaces of pipelines, equipment and fasteners to be insulated must be cleaned of rust, and those subject to anti-corrosion protection must be treated in accordance with the project.
2.9. Insulation of the installed equipment and pipelines should be carried out after their permanent fixing in the design position. Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines in places that are difficult to reach for insulation must be carried out completely before installation, including the installation of cover shells.
Insulation of pipelines located in impassable channels and trays must be carried out before they are installed in channels.
2.10. Equipment and pipelines filled with substances must be freed from them before the start of insulation work.
2.11. Rolled insulating materials during work at negative temperatures must be warmed up to a temperature of at least 15 ° C within 20 hours, rewound and delivered to the place of installation in an insulated container.
2.12. When installing roof insulation from large-sized complex panels with a roofing carpet applied at the factory, the sealing of the joints of the roof panels and their pasting should be carried out after checking the insulation of the mounted panels.
INSULATION DEVICE AND ROOFING FROM ROLL MATERIALS
2.13. Roofing and waterproofing carpets made of rolled materials with a mastic layer pre-melted at the factory must be glued onto a pre-primed base by melting or liquefying (plasticizing) the mastic layer of the material without using adhesive mastics. The adhesive strength must be at least 0.5 MPa.
Liquefaction of the mastic layer should be carried out at an air temperature of at least 5 (C) with the simultaneous laying of the rolled carpet or before it is laid (depending on the ambient temperature).
The melting of the mastic layer should be carried out simultaneously with the layout of the panels (the temperature of the melted mastic is 140-160 ° C). Each laid layer of the roof must be rolled with a roller to the next one.
2.14. Rolled materials before the sticker must be marked at the place of installation; The layout of the panels of rolled materials should ensure compliance with the values ​​​​of their overlap when gluing.
The mastic must be applied in accordance with the project in a uniform continuous, without gaps or stripe layer. When spot gluing panels to the base, the mastic should be applied after rolling the panels at the locations of the holes.
2.15. When installing rolled insulation or roofing using adhesives, hot mastics should be applied to the primed base immediately before gluing the panels. Cold mastics (adhesives) should be applied to the base or panel in advance. Between the application of adhesive compositions and the gluing of panels, technological breaks must be observed to ensure strong adhesion of the adhesive compositions to the base.
Each layer should be laid after the mastics have hardened and a strong bond has been achieved with the base of the previous layer.
2.16. Panels of rolled materials during the installation of roofs should be glued:
in the direction from lowered to elevated sections with the arrangement of panels along the length perpendicular to the water flow with roof slopes up to 15%;
in the direction of flow - with roof slopes of more than 15%.
Cross-sticking of insulation panels and roofing is not allowed. The type of sticker of the rolled carpet (solid, strip or spot) must correspond to the project.
2.17. When sticking the panels of insulation and roofing, they must overlap by 100 mm (70 mm across the width of the panels of the lower layers of the roofing of roofs with a slope of more than 1.5%).
2.18. When installing insulation or roofing, fiberglass must be spread, laying without the formation of waves, immediately after applying hot mastic and covered with mastic at least 2 mm thick.
Subsequent layers should be laid similarly after the mastic of the lower layer has cooled.
2.19. Temperature-shrinkage joints in screeds and joints between coating slabs must be covered with strips of rolled material up to 150 mm wide and glued on one side of the joint (joint).
2.20. At the points of contact with the protruding roof surfaces (parapets, pipelines, etc.), the roofing carpet must be raised to the top of the screed side, glued on the mastic with putty on the upper horizontal seams. Bonding additional roof layers should be carried out after the installation of the top layer of the roof, immediately after applying the adhesive mastic in a continuous layer.
2.21. When sticking panels of the roofing carpet along the roof slope, the upper part of the panel of the lower layer must overlap the opposite slope by at least 1000 mm. The mastic should be applied directly under the roll being rolled out in three strips 80-100 mm wide. Subsequent layers must be glued on a continuous layer of mastic.
When sticking panels across the roof slope, the upper part of the panel of each layer laid on the ridge should overlap the opposite roof slope by 250 mm and be glued on a continuous layer of mastic.
2.22. When installing a protective gravel coating on the roofing carpet, it is necessary to apply hot mastic in a continuous layer 2–3 mm thick and 2 m wide, immediately scattering a continuous layer of dust-free gravel over it, 5–10 mm thick. The number of layers and the total thickness of the protective coating must correspond to the design ones.
2.23. When installing roll insulation and roofing, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table. 3.

Table 3

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The permissible humidity of the bases when applying all compositions, except for water-based compositions, should not exceed: concrete cement-sand, gypsum and gypsum-sand any base when applying water-based formulations	Before the appearance of surface moisture	Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements evenly for every 50-70 m 2 of the base, registration
Temperature when applying hot mastics, (С: bituminous - 160 tar - 130		Measuring, periodic, at least 4 times per shift, work log
The thickness of the mastic layer when sticking a rolled carpet, mm: hot bituminous - 2.0 intermediate layers - 1.5 cold bitumen - 0.8
Thickness of one insulation layer, mm: cold asphalt mastics - 7 cement mortars - 10 emulsions - 3 polymer compositions (type "Krovlelit" and "Venta") - 1		Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 in places determined by visual inspection, work log

INSULATION DEVICE AND ROOFING FROM POLYMER AND EMULSION-BITUMINE COMPOSITIONS
2.24. When installing insulation and roofing from emulsion-mastic compositions, each layer of the insulating carpet must be applied continuously, without gaps, of uniform thickness after the primer or bottom layer has hardened.
2.25. When installing insulation and roofing from polymer compositions of the "Krovlelit" and "Venta" types, they must be applied with high-pressure units that ensure the density, uniform thickness of the coating and adhesion strength of the coating to the base of at least 0.5 MPa. When using cold asphalt emulsion mastics, the supply and application of the compositions should be carried out by units with screw pumps (mechanical action), ensuring the adhesion strength of the coating to the base of at least 0.4 MPa.
2.26. When installing insulation and roofing from emulsion-mastic compositions reinforced with fiberglass fibers, their application should be carried out by units that ensure the production of fibers of the same length, uniform distribution in the composition and density of the insulating coating.
2.27. When installing insulation and roofing from polymeric and emulsion-mastic compositions, the requirements of Table 3. Roof junctions should be arranged similarly to rolled roofs.
INSULATION DEVICE FROM CEMENT MORTAR, HOT ASPHALT MIXTURES, BITUMEN PERLITE AND BITUMEKERAMZITE
2.28. Bitumoperlite, expanded clay bitumen, cement mortars, hot asphalt mixtures with a surface slope of up to 25% must be laid along the beacon rails in strips 2-6 m wide in layers of uniform thickness (no more than 75 mm) with compaction and smoothing of the layer surface.
Each layer must be laid after the previous one has cured.
2.29. When installing cement waterproofing from mortars using waterproof expanding cements (WRC), waterproof non-shrinking cements (WBC) or Portland cement with sealing additives, the compositions should be applied to the base surface moistened with water.
Each subsequent layer should be applied no later than 30 minutes (when using VRC and VBC compositions) or no more than a day (when using compositions based on Portland cement with sealing additives) after the previous layer has hardened.
Cement waterproofing for two days after application (1 hour when using VBC and VRC) must be protected from mechanical stress.
2.30 Moistening of cement waterproofing during hardening should be carried out with a spray of water without pressure when using the following compositions:
VRC and VBC - 1 hour after application and every 3 hours during the day;
on Portland cement with sealing additives - 8-12 hours after application, and then 2-3 times a day for 14 days.
2.31. When installing insulation from bitumen perlite, bitumen expanded clay, waterproofing from cement mortars and hot asphalt mixes, mastics and bitumens, the requirements of Table 4.

Table 4

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Permissible deviations of the surface (when checking with a two-meter rail): horizontally vertically plane of the element from the given slope - 0.2% coating element thickness -		Measuring, at least 5 measurements for every 50 - 100 m 2 of surface or on a smaller area in places determined by visual inspection
Mobility of compositions (mixtures) without plasticizers, cm: when applied manually - 10 when applied by installations with piston or screw pumps - 5 when using plasticizers - 10		Measuring, at least 3 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface
The temperature of hot asphalt mixes, bitumen perlite and bitumen expanded clay during application is at least 120 (C		Measuring, periodic, at least 8 times per shift, work log

PRODUCTION OF THERMAL INSULATION WORKS USING SOFT, RIGID AND SEMI-RIGID FIBROUS PRODUCTS AND DEVICE OF THERMAL INSULATION COVERING SHELLS FROM RIGID MATERIALS
2.32. When installing cover shells from flat or corrugated asbestos-cement sheets, their installation and fastening must comply with the project.
When performing work on the installation of cover shells of thermal insulation made of rigid and flexible (non-metallic) materials, it is necessary to ensure a snug fit of the shells to the thermal insulation with reliable fastening using fasteners and careful sealing of the joints of flexible shells with their gluing in accordance with the project.
On pipelines with a diameter of up to 200 mm, fiberglass must be laid in a spiral, on pipelines with a diameter of more than 200 mm - in separate panels in accordance with the requirements of the project.
2.33. Installation of heat-insulating structures and cover shells must be started from unloading devices, flange connections, curved sections (bends) and fittings (tees, crosses) and carried out in the direction opposite to the slope, and on vertical surfaces - from the bottom up.
2.34. When installing thermal insulation from rigid products laid dry, a gap of no more than 2 mm between the products and the insulated surface must be provided.
When sticking rigid products, the temperature of the mastics must meet the requirements of Table. 3. Fastening products to the base must comply with the project.
2.35. When installing thermal insulation of pipelines using soft and semi-rigid fibrous products, it is necessary to ensure:
compaction of heat-insulating materials according to the project with a compaction coefficient for soft fibrous products not more than 1.5, for semi-rigid products -1.2;
tight fit of products to the insulated surface and to each other; when insulating in several layers - overlapping of longitudinal and transverse seams;
dense spiral laying of insulation with cords and bundles with a minimum deviation relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline, and winding in multilayer structures of each subsequent layer in the direction opposite to the turns of the previous layer;
installation on horizontal pipelines and fixtures to prevent sagging of thermal insulation.
THERMAL INSULATION DEVICE FROM PLATES AND LOOSE MATERIALS
2.36. Insulators when installing thermal insulation from slabs should be laid on the base tightly to each other and have the same thickness in each layer.
When installing thermal insulation in several layers, the seams of the plates must be arranged apart.
2.37. Thermal insulation bulk materials must be sorted into fractions before laying. Thermal insulation must be arranged along the lighthouse rails in strips 3-4 m wide with laying loose insulation of finer fractions in the lower layer.
Layers should be laid no thicker than 60 mm and compacted after laying.
2.38. When installing thermal insulation from plate and bulk materials, the requirements of Table. 5 and 6.

Table 5

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The permissible humidity of the bases should not exceed: from prefabricated from monolithic		Measuring, at least 5 measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of coverage, work log
Thermal insulation from piece materials the thickness of the interlayer layer should not exceed, mm: from glues and cold mastics - 0.8 from hot mastics - 1.5 width of joints between plates, blocks, products, mm: when sticking - no more than 5 (for rigid products - 3) when laying dry - no more than 2
Monolithic and slab thermal insulation: insulation coating thickness (from design)	5...+10% but not more than 20 mm
Insulation plane deviations: from the given slope horizontally vertically		Measuring, for every 50-100 m 2 of the coating surface
The size of the ledges between the tiles and sheets of roofing should not exceed 5 mm
The amount of overlap of plates and sheets must correspond to the design - 5%
Deviations of the insulation thickness from the design		Measuring, at least 3 measurements for every 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface after a complete visual inspection, work log
Deviations of the compaction factor from the design		The same, at least 5 measurements for every 100-150 m 2 of the coating surface

DEVICE OF ROOFING FROM PIECE MATERIALS
2.39. When installing wooden bases (battens) under roofs made of piece materials, the following requirements must be observed:
the joints of the crate should be placed apart;
the distances between the elements of the crate must correspond to the design ones;
in places where cornice overhangs, grooves and valleys are covered, as well as under roofs made of small-piece elements, the base must be made of boards (solid).
2.40. Piece roofing materials should be laid on the crate in rows from the eaves to the ridge according to preliminary markings. Each overlying row should overlap the underlying one.
2.41. Asbestos-cement sheets, corrugated ordinary profile and medium corrugated, must be laid with an offset of one wave in relation to the sheets of the previous row or without offset. Sheets of reinforced and unified profiles must be laid in relation to the sheets of the previous row without offset.
When laying sheets without offset to the wave at the junction of four sheets, the corners of two middle sheets should be trimmed with a gap between the joined corners of sheets VO 3-4 mm and sheets SV, UV and VU-8-10 mm.
2.42. Asbestos-cement sheets VO and SV should be fastened to the crate with slate nails with a galvanized cap, sheets of UV and VU-screws with special grips, flat sheets - with two nails and an anti-wind button, extreme sheets and ridge parts - with an additional two anti-wind brackets.
2.43. When constructing roofs from piece materials, the requirements of Table 4.
INSULATION AND DETAILS OF ROOF FROM METAL SHEETS
2.44. Metal waterproofing should be arranged with sheet welding in accordance with the project. After welding, the filling of the cavities behind the insulation should be injected with a composition under a pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa.
2.45. When constructing metal roofs, parts and connections from metal sheets of any kind of roofs, the connection of paintings located along the water drain must be carried out with recumbent folds, except for ribs, slopes and ridges, where the paintings must be connected with standing folds. With roof slopes of less than 30 °, the recumbent fold should be double and smeared with minium putty. The value of the bending of paintings for the installation of recumbent folds should be taken as 15 mm; standing folds -20 mm for one and 35 mm for another picture adjacent to it. Attaching the paintings to the base must be done with clamps, passed between the folds of the sheets, and T-shaped crutches.
REQUIREMENTS FOR FINISHED INSULATION (ROOFING) COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
2.46. The requirements for finished insulating (roofing) coatings and structures are given in Table. 7.

Table 7

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Complete drainage of water over the entire surface of the roofs should be carried out through external and internal drains without stagnant water
The strength of adhesion to the base and between each other of the roofing and waterproofing carpet made of rolled materials on a continuous mastic adhesive layer of emulsion compositions with the base is not less than 0.5 MPa		Measuring, 5 measurements per 120-150 m 2 of the surface of the coating (when tapping, the nature of the sound should not change); when the glued materials break, no delamination along the mastic should be observed (the gap should occur inside the rolled panel), the act of acceptance
Heat resistance and compositions of mastics for gluing roll and plate materials, as well as the strength and composition of the adhesive layer solutions must comply with the design ones. Deviations from the project - 5%.		Technical inspection, acceptance certificate
The location of the panels and metal paintings (depending on the slope of the coating), their connection and protection in the ordinary coating, at the junctions and interfaces in different planes must comply with the project
Bubbles, swellings, air pockets, tears, dents, punctures, spongy structure, dripping and sagging on the surface of roofing and insulation are not allowed.
Increased moisture content of substrates, intermediate elements, coating and the entire structure compared to the standard	Not more than 0.5%	Measuring, 5 measurements on an area of ​​50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or in separate areas of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, acceptance certificate
When accepting finished insulation and roofing, it is necessary to check: compliance of the number of reinforcing (additional) layers in mates (connections) with the project; for waterproofing: the quality of filling joints and openings in structures made of prefabricated elements with sealing materials; the quality of the coinage; the correctness of the waterproofing of bolt holes, as well as holes for injection of solutions for finishing structures; absence of leaks and discontinuity of seam lines in metal waterproofing; for roofs made of rolled materials, emulsion, mastic compositions: bowls of the intake funnel of internal drains should not protrude above the surface of the base; the corners of the junction structures (screeds and concrete) must be smoothed and even, without sharp corners; for roofs made of piece materials and details of roofs made of metal sheets: the absence of visible gaps in the coating when examining the roof from the attic; absence of spalls and cracks (in asbestos-cement and sealed flat and corrugated sheets); a strong connection between the links of the drainpipes; the presence of lubrication of double lying folds in the joints of metal paintings on a coating with a slope of less than 30 (; for thermal insulation: the continuity of the layers, the quality of the lining of the places where the fastenings of pipelines, equipment, structural details, etc. pass through. through thermal insulation; absence of mechanical damage, sagging layers and looseness of adhesion to the base	Deviations from the project are not allowed	Technical inspection, acceptance certificate

3. FINISHING WORKS AND PROTECTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES AND TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FROM CORROSION (ANTI-CORROSION WORKS)

GENERAL PROVISIONS
3.1. Finishing work, with the exception of facade finishing, must be carried out at a positive temperature of the environment and the surfaces to be finished, not lower than 10 ° C and air humidity not more than 60%. Such a temperature in the room must be maintained around the clock, at least 2 days before the start and 12 days after the end of work, and for wallpaper work - until the facility is put into operation.
3.2. Works on applying protective coatings should be carried out at a temperature of the ambient air and protected surfaces not lower than °C:
10 - for paint and varnish protective coatings from compositions prepared on the basis of natural resins; mastic and putty coatings from silicate compositions; gluing protective coatings using bituminous rolled materials, polyisobutylene plates, Butilkor-S plates, duplicated polyethylene; rubber coatings; facing and lining coatings using acid-resistant silicate putties and mastics of the Bituminol type; for acid-resistant concrete and silicate-polymer concrete;
15 - for paint and varnish reinforced and non-reinforced continuous coatings from compositions prepared on the basis of synthetic resins; mastic coatings and sealants from compositions based on synthetic rubbers and nairite; coatings from sheet polymeric materials; facing and lining coatings using Arzamit, Furankor type putties, as well as polyester, epoxy resins and resins with epoxy additives; for coatings made of polymer concrete and polymer cement coatings;
25 - for coatings from the "Polan" composition.
3.3. Finishing work must be carried out in accordance with the project for the production of works (PPR) for the construction of buildings and structures. Prior to the start of finishing work, the following work must be done:
protection of the premises to be finished from atmospheric precipitation;
waterproofing, heat and sound insulation and leveling floor screeds were installed;
seams between blocks and panels are sealed;
sealed and isolated junctions of window, door and balcony blocks;
glazed light openings;
embedded products were installed, heating and water supply and heating systems were tested.
Plastering and cladding (according to the project) of surfaces at the installation sites of embedded products of sanitary systems must be completed prior to their installation.
3.4. Before finishing the facades, the following work must be additionally performed:
external waterproofing and roofing with details and connections; arrangement of all floor structures on balconies;
installation and fixing of all metal paintings edging architectural details on the facade of the building;
installation of all fasteners for downpipes (according to the project).
3.5. Anti-corrosion work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85 "Protection of building structures and structures from corrosion".
3.6. In the preparation and preparation of finishing and anti-corrosion compounds, the requirements of Table. 8.

Table 8

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Plaster mortars must pass without residue through a grid with mesh sizes, mm: for spraying and soil - 3 for the surfacing layer and single-layer coatings - 1.5		Measuring, periodic, 3-4 times per shift, work log
Solution mobility - 5		Same, every batch
Delamination - no more than 15%		The same, in laboratory conditions 3-4 times per shift
Water-holding capacity - not less than 90%
Adhesion strength, MPa, not less than: for interior work - 0.1 for outdoor work - 0.4		The same, at least 3 measurements per 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface
Size of aggregates for decorative finishing of interiors and facades of buildings, mm: on the adhesive layer of granite, marble, slate, ceramic, glass and plastic chips, as well as coarse sand - 2 cement-lime, lime-sand and cement compositions with sand: quartz - 0.5 marble - 0.25		The same, at least 5 measurements per batch per shift
Terrazit mixes with fine filler: with medium filler: mica - 2.5 with large filler:
Glass must arrive at the object without cracks, cut to size, complete with seals, sealants and fasteners	According to the project in accordance with the standards and specifications	Technical inspection
Putties: drying time - no more than 24 hours adhesion strength, MPa: after 24 hours not less than 0.1 after 72 hours not less than 0.2 viability - at least 20 minutes		Measuring, periodic, at least 5 measurements per 50 - 70 m 2 of the coating surface, work log Technical inspection, at least three test fillers per batch, work log
The putty coating after drying should be even, without bubbles, cracks and mechanical inclusions.
Painting and wallpaper materials	According to the project in accordance with the standards and specifications	The same, at least three times per batch, journal of works

SURFACE PREPARATION
3.7. Performing finishing and protective coatings on bases with rust, efflorescence, grease and bituminous stains is not allowed. Wallpapering is also not allowed on surfaces that have not been cleaned of whitewash.
3.8. Dedusting of surfaces should be carried out before applying each layer of priming, gluing, plastering, painting and protective compounds, coatings and glass putties.
3.9. The strength of the bases must be no less than the strength of the finishing coating and correspond to the design.
3.10. Protruding architectural details, junctions with wooden stone, brick and concrete structures should be plastered over a metal mesh or braided wire attached to the base surface; wooden surfaces - on shields made of shreds.
3.11. Internal surfaces of stone and brick walls, erected by freezing, should be plastered after thawing the masonry from the inside by at least half the thickness of the wall.
3.12. When painting and wallpapering, the quality of the prepared bases must meet the following requirements:
surfaces when painting with oil, adhesive, water-based compositions and pasting wallpaper should be smoothed, without roughness;
surface cracks are opened, primed, filled with filler to a depth of at least 2 mm and sanded;
shells and irregularities primed, puttied and smoothed;
delamination, streaks of mortar, traces of processing by trowels are removed;
the seams between sheets of dry gypsum plaster and the areas adjacent to them are primed, puttied, sanded flush with the surface or treated with rustication (in accordance with the project), and when pasting with wallpaper, they are additionally pasted over with strips of paper, gauze, etc .;
when pasting the surfaces with wallpaper, the painting of the ceilings was completed and other painting work was done.
Bases prepared for painting, pasting with synthetic wallpaper on a paper and fabric basis, as well as with an adhesive applied at the factory, must meet the requirements of Table. 9. The surfaces of all fasteners located under cardboard, paper or directly under the wallpaper must be pre-coated with an anti-corrosion compound.

Table 9

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Plastered surfaces vertical deviations (mm per 1 m), mm: with simple plaster - 3 the same, improved - 2 same, high quality - 1 uneven surfaces of a smooth outline (by 4 m 2): with simple plaster - no more than 3, depth (height) up to 5 mm the same, improved - no more than 2, depth (height) up to 3 mm the same, high-quality - no more than 2, depth (height) up to 2 mm horizontal deviations (mm per 1 m) should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 3 the same, improved - 2 same, high quality - 1	No more than 15 mm to the height of the room The same, no more than 10 mm The same, no more than 5 mm	Measuring, at least 5 measurements with a control two-meter rail on 50-70 m 2 of the surface or on a separate section of a smaller area in places identified by a continuous visual inspection (for molded products - at least 5 by 35-40 m and three per element), work log
Deviations of window and door slopes, pilasters, pillars, husks, etc. from the vertical (mm per 1 m) should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 4 the same, improved - 2 same, high quality - 1	Up to 10 mm for the entire element The same, up to 5 mm The same, up to 3 mm	The same, except for measurements (3 by 1 mm)
Deviations of the radius of curved surfaces, checked by the pattern, from the design value (for the entire element) should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 10 the same, improved - 7 the same high-quality - 5 Deviations of the slope width from the design one should not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 5 the same, improved - 3 same, high quality - 2		Measuring, at least 5 measurements with a control two-meter rail on 50 - 70 m 2 of the surface or in a separate section of a smaller area in places identified by a continuous visual inspection (for molded products - at least 5 by 35-40 m and three per element) except for measurements ( 3 by 1 mm), work log
Deviations of the rods from a straight line within the limits between the angles of intersection of the rods and the rake must not exceed, mm: with simple plaster - 6 the same, improved - 3 same, high quality - 2
The surfaces of prefabricated slabs and panels must meet the requirements of standards and specifications for relevant products
Permissible humidity: brick and stone surfaces when plastering, concrete, plastered or puttied surfaces when pasting wallpaper and when painting with paint compositions, except for cement and lime the same, when painting with cement and lime compounds wooden surfaces for painting	Not more than 8% Before the appearance of drop-liquid moisture on the surface No more than 12%	Measuring, at least 3 measurements per 10 m2 of surface
When installing paint coatings, the surface of the base must be smooth, without roughness; local irregularities with a height (depth) up to 1 mm - no more than 2 on an area of ​​​​4 m 2 of the surface of the coatings

3.13. When facing surfaces, the quality of the prepared bases must meet the following requirements:
walls must have a load of at least 65% of the design load for internal and 80% for external cladding of their surface, with the exception of walls, the cladding of which is carried out simultaneously with masonry;
concrete surfaces and surfaces of brick and stone walls, laid out with completely filled seams, must have a notch;
the surfaces of the walls, laid out in a hollow, must be prepared without notching them with filling the joints with mortar;
any surfaces must be cleaned, washed before facing them and moistened to a matte finish before applying the adhesive layer from the solution and other aqueous compounds;
before cladding in rooms, ceilings and wall planes above the surface to be clad should be painted. Before facing the walls with sheets and panels with a front finish, also arrange hidden wiring.
3.14. When preparing facing and other types of surfaces in the production of finishing work, the requirements of Table. nine.
PRODUCTION OF PLASTER AND MODELING WORKS
3.15. When plastering brick walls at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C and above, the surface must be moistened before applying the mortar.
3.16. Improved and high-quality plastering should be carried out on beacons, the thickness of which should be equal to the thickness of the plaster coating without the covering layer.
3.17. When installing single-layer coatings, their surface should be leveled immediately after applying the solution, in the case of trowels, after it has set.
3.18. When arranging a multi-layer plaster coating, each layer must be applied after the previous one has set (covering layer - after the mortar has set). Leveling the soil should be done before the mortar starts to set.
3.19. Sheets of gypsum plaster must be glued to the surface of brick walls with compositions corresponding to the design ones, located in the form of marks, 80x80 mm in size on an area of ​​at least 10% along the ceiling, floor, vertical plane angles through 120-150 mm, in between them at a distance of no more 400 mm, along the vertical edges - a continuous strip. Sheets to wooden bases should be fastened with wide-head nails.
3.20. Installation of gypsum moldings should be carried out after setting and drying of the base from plaster solutions. Architectural details on the facade must be fixed to the reinforcement embedded in the wall structure, previously protected from corrosion.
3.21. In the production of plastering work, the requirements of Table. 10.

Table 10

Technical requirements	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Permissible thickness of single-layer plaster, mm: when using all types of solutions, except for gypsum - up to 20, from gypsum solutions - up to 15
Permissible thickness of each layer when installing multi-layer plasters without polymer additives, mm: spraying on stone, brick, concrete surfaces - up to 5 spraying on wooden surfaces (including the thickness of the strips) - up to 9 soil from cement mortars - up to 5 soil from lime, lime-gypsum mortars - up to 7 covering layer of plaster coating - up to 2 covering layer of decorative finish - up to 7	Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by a continuous visual inspection, work log

PRODUCTION OF PAINTING WORKS
3.22. Painting work on the facades should be carried out with the protection of the applied compositions (up to their complete drying) from direct exposure to sunlight.
3.23. In the production of painting work, continuous surface puttying should be performed only with high-quality painting, and improved - for metal and wood.
3.24. Putty from low-shrink compositions with polymer additives must be leveled immediately after application with grinding of individual sections; when applying other types of putty compositions, the surface of the putty should be sanded after it dries.
3.25. Priming of surfaces should be carried out before painting with paint compositions, except for organosilicon ones. The priming must be carried out in a continuous uniform layer, without gaps and breaks. The dried primer should have a strong adhesion to the base, not peel off when stretched, no traces of binder should remain on the swab applied to it. Painting should be done after the primer has dried.
3.26. Paint compositions must also be applied in a continuous layer. The application of each paint composition should begin after the previous one has completely dried. Flattening or facing of the paint composition should be carried out according to the freshly applied paint composition.
3.27. When painting wooden floors, each layer, with the exception of the last, must be sanded to remove the gloss.
3.28. In the production of painting work, the requirements of Table. eleven.

Table 11

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Permissible thickness of paint layers: putties - 0.5 mm paint coating - not less than 25 microns		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or in one smaller room, after a complete visual inspection, work log
The surface of each layer of paint coating with improved and high-quality interior painting with waterless compounds should be even, without paint streaks, not have a jagged structure, etc.		The same, on 70-100 m 2 of the coating surface (when illuminated by an electric lamp with a reflector having a narrow slit, a beam of light directed parallel to the painted surface should not form shadow spots)

PRODUCTION OF DECORATIVE FINISHING WORKS
3.29. When decorative finishing with compositions with fillers, the surface of the base must be unsmoothed; puttying and grinding of rough surfaces is not allowed.
3.30. When finishing surfaces with decorative pastes and terrasite compositions, each layer of multi-layer decorative coatings must be performed after the previous one has hardened, without grinding the front surface.
3.31. When installing finishing coatings from decorative pastes on plaster instead of a covering layer, the work should be carried out in compliance with the rules for the installation of a covering layer of plaster coatings.
3.32. Decorative finishing with terrazitic compositions should be carried out in a single layer in compliance with the requirements for the installation of single-layer plaster coatings.
3.33. When finishing surfaces with decorative chips, it must be applied over a wet adhesive layer. The applied crumb must have a strong (not less than 0.8 MPa) adhesion to the base and form a continuous, without gaps, coating with a snug fit of the crumbs to each other.
Before applying the water-repellent composition, the surface must be cleaned with compressed air.
3.34. When installing decorative finishing coatings, the requirements of Table. 12.

Table 12

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The value of the decorative crumb embedded in the adhesive layer should be 2/3 of its size.		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 50-70 m 2 of the surface in places identified by a continuous visual inspection, work log
Adhesion of decorative chips with the base must be at least 0.3 MPa		The same, at least 5 measurements per 70-100 m 2, work log
Permissible thickness of decorative coating, mm: with the use of crumbs on the adhesive layer - up to 7 with the use of pastes (on plaster) - up to 5 with the use of terrazite compositions - up to 12		The same, at least 5 measurements for every 30-50 m 2 of the coating surface

3.35. The adhesive composition when priming the surface under the wallpaper should be applied in a continuous uniform layer, without gaps and streaks, and kept until thickening begins. An additional layer of the adhesive layer should be applied along the perimeter of window and door openings, along the contour and in the corners of the surface to be finished with a strip 75-80 mm wide at the moment the base layer begins to thicken.
3.36. When gluing the bases with paper in separate strips or sheets, the distance between them should be 10-12 mm.
3.37. Gluing paper wallpaper panels should be done after they have swelled and impregnated with adhesive.
3.38. Wallpaper with a surface density of up to 100 g/m2 must be glued overlapping, 100-120 g/m2 or more - back to back.
3.39. When joining panels with an overlap, pasting the surfaces with wallpaper must be carried out in the direction from the light openings without arranging joints of vertical rows of panels at the intersections of the planes.
3.40. When pasting surfaces with synthetic wallpaper on a paper or fabric basis, the corners of the walls must be pasted over with a whole panel. Spots of glue on their surface must be removed immediately.
The vertical edges of adjacent panels of textovinite and fabric-based films should overlap the width of the previous panel with an overlap of 3-4 mm when pasted. Trimming of overlapping edges should be done after the adhesive layer has completely dried, and after removing the edge, additionally apply glue in the places where the edges of adjacent panels are glued.
3.41. When sticking pile wallpapers, the panels should be smoothed in one direction when gluing.
3.42. When pasting surfaces with wallpaper, the formation of air bubbles, stains and other contaminants, as well as re-gluing and delamination is not allowed.
3.43. In the production of wallpaper work, the premises must be protected from drafts and direct exposure to sunlight until the wallpaper is completely dry, with the establishment of a constant humidity regime. The air temperature during drying of pasted wallpapers should not exceed 23 °C.
GLASS WORKS
3.44. Glazing work must be carried out at a positive ambient temperature. Glazing at negative air temperatures is allowed only if it is impossible to remove the bindings, when using putty heated to at least 20 ° C.
3.46. When glazing metal and reinforced concrete sashes, metal glazing beads must be installed after laying rubber gaskets in the fold.
3.46. The fastening of glass in wooden bindings should be carried out with the help of glazing beads or studs with filling the folds of the binding with putty. The glass should overlap the folds of the bindings by no more than 3/4 of the width. The putty should be applied in a uniform continuous layer, without gaps, until the binding fold is completely sealed.
3.47. Jointing of glasses, as well as the installation of glasses with defects (cracks, punctures of more than 10 mm, indelible stains, foreign inclusions) when glazing residential buildings and cultural and community facilities are not allowed.
3.48. Fastening of uvio, frosted, matt-patterned, reinforced and colored glass, as well as tempered glass in window and door openings should be carried out in the same way as sheet, depending on the binding material.
3.49. Installation of glass blocks on mortar should be carried out with strictly constant horizontal and vertical joints of constant width in accordance with the project.
3.50. Installation of glass panels and assembly of their strapping must be carried out in accordance with the project.
PRODUCTION OF FACING WORKS
3.51. Surface cladding must be carried out in accordance with the PPR in accordance with the project. The connection of the cladding field with the base must be carried out:
when using facing slabs and blocks with a size of more than 400 cm2 and a thickness of more than 10 mm - fastening to the base and filling the space between the cladding and the wall surface (sinuses) with mortar or without filling the sinuses with mortar when the cladding is taken away from the wall;
when using plates and blocks with a size of 400 cm2 or less, with a thickness of no more than 10 mm, as well as when facing with plates of any size horizontal and inclined (no more than 45%) surfaces - on mortar or mastic (in accordance with the project) without additional fastening to the base ;
when facing with embedded slabs and facing bricks simultaneously with laying walls - on masonry mortar.
3.52. Cladding of walls, columns, pilasters of the interiors of the premises should be carried out before the installation of floor covering.
3.53. The cladding elements along the adhesive layer of mortar and mastic must be installed in horizontal rows from the bottom up from the corner of the cladding field.
3.54. The mastic and adhesive layer mortar should be applied in an even, sag-free layer before the tiles are installed. Small-sized tiles on mastics or mortars with retarders should be installed after applying the latter over the entire area to be lined in one plane when mastics and mortars with retarders thicken.
3.55. Finishing the site and the entire surface of the interior and facade with cladding products of different colors, textures, textures and sizes should be carried out with the selection of the entire pattern of the cladding field in accordance with the project.
3.56. Facing elements when using natural and artificial stone of polished and polished texture must be matched dry, adjusting the edges of adjacent slabs selected according to the pattern with fastening according to the project. The seams of the plates must be filled with mastic after filling the sinuses with mortar and its hardening.
3.57. Boards with a polished, dotted, bumpy and grooved structure, as well as with a "rock" type relief, must be installed on the mortar; vertical joints should be filled with mortar to a depth of 15 - 20 mm or with sealant after the adhesive layer mortar has hardened.
3.58. The seams of the cladding must be even, of the same width. When facing walls erected by freezing, filling the seams of facing from embedded ceramic plates must be performed after thawing and hardening of the masonry mortar at loads on the walls of at least 80% of the design.
3.59. Filling the sinuses with a solution must be done after installing a permanent or temporary fastening of the cladding field. The mortar should be poured in horizontal layers, leaving a space of 5 cm to the top of the cladding after pouring the last layer of the mortar.
The solution, poured into the sinuses, during technological breaks exceeding 18 hours, should be protected from moisture loss. Before continuing work, the unfilled part of the sinus must be cleaned of dust with compressed air.
3.60. After cladding, the surfaces of slabs and products must be cleaned of mortar and mastic influx immediately, while: the surfaces of glazed, polished and polished slabs and products are washed hot water, and polished, point, bumpy, grooved and "rock" type are treated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution and steam using a sandblaster.
3.61. Surfaces cut from soft rock slabs (limestone, tuff, etc.), as well as edges of slabs protruding by more than 1.5 mm with polished, ground, grooved and dotted surfaces, must be respectively ground, polished or hewn to obtain a clear contour of the edges of the plates.
3.62. When performing facing works, the requirements of Table 13 must be observed.

Table 13

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Adhesive layer thickness, mm: from solution - 7 from mastic - 1
Lined surface deviations from the vertical (mm per 1 m of length), mm: mirrored, polished - no more than 2 polished, dotted, bumpy, furrowed - no more than 3 ceramic, glass-ceramic and other products in cladding outdoor - 2 internal - 1.5 deviations of the location of the seams from the vertical and horizontal (mm per 1 m of length) in the cladding, mm: mirrored, polished - up to 1.5 polished, dotted, bumpy, furrowed - up to 3 textures like "rock" - up to 3 ceramic, glass-ceramic, other products in cladding: outdoor - up to 2 internal - up to 1.5	No more than 4 per floor No more than 8 per floor No more than 5 per floor No more than 4 per floor	The same, at least 5 measurements per 50-70 m2 of surface
Permissible mismatches of the profile at the joints of architectural details and seams, mm: mirror, polished - up to 0.5 polished, point, bumpy, furrowed - up to 1 textures like "rock" - up to 2 outdoor - up to 4 internal - up to 3		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 70-100 m 2 of the surface or in a separate section of a smaller area in places identified by a continuous visual inspection, work log
Roughnesses of the plane (when controlled by a two-meter rail), mm: mirrored, polished - up to 2 polished, point, bumpy, furrowed - up to 4 ceramic, glass-ceramic and other products in cladding: outdoor - up to 3 internal - up to 2
Deviations in the width of the cladding seam: mirrored, polished granite and artificial stone marbles polished, pitted, bumpy, furrowed rock textures ceramic, glass-ceramic and other products (internal and external cladding)

INSTALLATION OF SUSPENDED CEILINGS, PANELS AND PLATES WITH FACE FINISHING IN BUILDING INTERIORS
3.63. The installation of suspended ceilings must be carried out after installation and fastening of all elements of the frame (in accordance with the project), checking the horizontalness of its plane and compliance with the marks.
3.64. Installation of slabs, wall panels and suspended ceiling elements should be carried out after marking the surface and start from the corner of the surface to be lined. Horizontal joints of sheets (panels) not provided for by the project are not allowed.
3.65. The surface plane, lined with panels and slabs, must be even, without sagging at the joints, rigid, without vibration of panels and sheets and delamination from the surface (during gluing).
3.66. When installing suspended ceilings, panels and slabs with a front finish in the interiors of buildings, the requirements of Table fourteen.

Table 14

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Finished lining: maximum ledges between slabs and panels, as well as rails (suspended ceilings) - 2 mm		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 50-70 m 2 of the surface or individual sections of a smaller area, identified by a continuous visual inspection, work log
Deviation of the plane of the entire finishing field diagonally, vertically and horizontally (from the design) by 1 m - 1.5 mm	7 full surface
Deviation of the direction of the joint of wall cladding elements from the vertical (mm per 1 m) - 1 mm

REQUIREMENTS FOR FINISHED FINISH COATINGS
3.67. The requirements for finished finishing coatings are given in Table. 15.

Table 15

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Adhesion strength of a coating of plaster compositions and sheets of dry gypsum plaster, MPa: internal plastered surfaces - not less than 0.1 external plastered surfaces - 0.4
The irregularities of the plastered surface must have deviations and irregularities not exceeding those given in Table. 9 (for plaster coatings made of dry gypsum plaster, the indicators must correspond to high-quality plaster)
Plaster coatings from sheets of dry gypsum plaster should not be unsteady; when lightly tapped with a wooden hammer, cracks should not appear at the joints; sags in the joints are allowed no more than 1 mm
moldings Deviations horizontally and vertically per 1 m of the length of the part - no more than 1 mm The displacement of the axes of separately located large parts from a given position should not exceed 10 mm Closed joints should not be noticeable, and parts of the closed relief should be in the same plane; the pattern (profile) of embossed products must be clear; on the surface of the parts there should be no sinks, kinks, cracks, sagging of the solution		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per 50-70 m 2 of the surface of the coating or on the area of ​​individual sections identified by a continuous visual inspection, acceptance certificate
Finishing coatings must be accepted after water-based paints have dried and a strong film has formed on surfaces painted with anhydrous compounds. Surfaces after drying of aqueous compositions should be uniform, without stripes, spots, smudges, splashes, abrasion (chalking) of surfaces. Local corrections that stand out against the general background (except for simple coloring) should not be noticeable at a distance of 3 m from the surface		Technical inspection, acceptance certificate
Surfaces painted with non-aqueous paint compositions must have a uniform glossy or matte surface. Transmission of the underlying layers of paint, peeling, stains, wrinkles, streaks, visible paint grains, film clots on the surface, brush and roller marks, bumps, imprints of dried paint on the applied swab are not allowed.
Surfaces painted with varnishes must have a glossy finish, without cracks, visible thickening, traces of varnish (after drying) on ​​the applied swab
In places where surfaces painted in different colors meet, the curvature of lines, shading of high-quality color (for other types) in individual areas should not exceed, mm: for simple coloring - 5 for improved coloring - 2 curvature of panel lines and painting surfaces when using different colors - 1 (per 1 m of surface)		Technical inspection, acceptance certificate
When wallpapering surfaces, the following must be done: with overlapping edges of the panels facing the light openings, without shadows from them (when gluing with an overlap); from panels of the same color and shades; with an exact fit of the pattern at the joints. Edge deviations should be no more than 0.5 mm (invisible from a distance of 3 m); air bubbles, spots, gaps, glueing and delamination, and in places where openings adjoin slopes, distortions, wrinkles, wallpapering of skirting boards, platbands, sockets, switches, etc. not allowed
In the production of glass work: putty after the formation of a hard film on the surface should not have cracks, lag behind the surface of the glass and rebate; the edge of the putty at the point of contact with the glass must be even and parallel to the edge of the fold, without protruding fasteners; the outer chamfers of the glazing beads should fit snugly against the outer edge of the folds, not protruding beyond them and not forming depressions; glazing beads mounted on glass putty must be firmly connected to each other and to the fold of the binding; on rubber gaskets - gaskets must be tightly pinched by glass and fit snugly to the surface of the fold, glass and glazing beads, not protrude above the edge of the glazing bead, not have cracks and breaks; rubber profiles when using any fasteners must be tightly pressed against the glass and the rebate groove, the fasteners must comply with the design and tightly stocked in the rebate grooves
Glass blocks installed on mortar must have even, strictly vertical and horizontal seams of the same width, filled flush with the surfaces of double-glazed windows; the entire structure after installation of the double-glazed window must be vertical, with tolerances not exceeding 2 mm per 1 m of surface	10 all over	Technical inspection, acceptance certificate
The surface of glass and glass structures must be free of cracks, gouges, holes, no traces of putty, mortar, paint, grease stains, etc.
Surfaces lined with blocks, slabs and tiles made of natural and natural stone must meet the following requirements: surfaces must correspond to the specified geometric shapes; deviations should not exceed those given in table. 13; the material of conjugation and sealing of the seams, the dimensions and patterns of the cladding must comply with the design ones; surfaces lined with monophonic artificial materials must have uniformity, with natural stone - uniformity or smooth transition of shades; the space between the wall and the cladding must be completely filled with mortar; horizontal and vertical seams of the cladding must be of the same type, single-row and uniform in width; the surface of the entire lining must be rigid; chips in the seams are allowed no more than 0.5 mm; cracks, stains, streaks of mortar, efflorescence are not allowed; large-block natural stone elements must be installed on concrete; fasteners (fasteners) for cladding exposed to aggressive environments must be coated with anti-corrosion compounds or made of non-ferrous metal in accordance with the project		Technical inspection, acceptance certificate
Finishing (facing) of walls with sheets with factory finishing must meet the following requirements: cracks, air bubbles, scratches, spots, etc. on the surface of sheets and panels. not allowed; fastening of sheets and panels to the base must be strong, without unsteadiness (with light tapping with a wooden hammer, warping of products, destruction of their edges and displacement of sheets should not be observed); seams must be uniform, strictly horizontal and vertical; fasteners and the distance between them, as well as the material, dimensions and pattern must comply with the project; deviations from the plane, horizontal and vertical should not exceed the norms given in table. 16		Technical inspection, acceptance certificate
Note. Anti-corrosion coatings of building structures and process equipment must meet the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85.

4. DEVICE OF FLOORS

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Prior to the commencement of work on the installation of floors, measures must be taken in accordance with the project to stabilize, prevent heaving and artificially fix soils, lower groundwater, as well as adjoining expansion joints, channels, pits, gutter trays, ladders, etc. Border elements coating must be done before its installation.
4.2. The soil base under the floors must be compacted in accordance with SNiP 3.02.01-87 " Earthworks, bases and foundations.
Vegetative soil, silt, peat, as well as bulk soils with an admixture of construction debris under the soil base are not allowed.
4.3. The device of floors is allowed at the air temperature in the room, measured in the cold season near the door and window openings at a height of 0.5 m from the floor level, and the laid floor elements and the materials to be laid - not lower, ° С:
15 - at the device of coverings from polymeric materials; this temperature should be maintained within 24 hours after completion of work;
10 - when arranging floor elements from xylolite and from mixtures that include liquid glass; this temperature should be maintained until the laid material acquires a strength of at least 70% of the design;
5 - when installing floor elements using bituminous mastics and their mixtures, which include cement; this temperature must be maintained until the material acquires a strength of at least 50% of the design;
0 - when constructing floor elements from soil, gravel, slag, crushed stone and piece materials without gluing to the underlying layer or sand.
4.4. Before installing floors, the construction of which includes products and materials based on wood or its waste, synthetic resins and fibers, xylolite coatings, plastering and other work related to the possibility of moistening the coatings must be performed indoors. During the installation of these floors and in the subsequent period until the commissioning of the object, the relative humidity of the air in the room should not exceed 60%. Drafts in the room are not allowed.
4.5. Floors resistant to aggressive environments must be made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85.
4.6. Work on the installation of asphalt concrete, slag and crushed stone floors should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.06.03-85 (section 7).
4.7. Requirements for materials and mixtures for special types of floors (heat-resistant, radiation-resistant, non-sparking, etc.) must be specified in the project.
4.8. Underlayment layers, screeds, connecting layers (for ceramic, concrete, mosaic and other tiles) and monolithic coatings on a cement binder should be under a layer of permanently wet water-retaining material for 7-10 days after laying.
4.9. Normative operation of xylolite floors, from cement or acid-resistant concrete or mortar, as well as from piece materials laid on interlayers of cement-sand or acid-resistant (on liquid glass) mortar, is allowed after the concrete or mortar has acquired design compressive strength. Pedestrian traffic on these floors can be allowed not earlier than the concrete of monolithic coatings acquires a compressive strength of 5 MPa, and the solution of the layer under piece materials - 2.5 MPa.
PREPARATION OF THE LOWER FLOOR ELEMENTS
4.10. Dedusting of the surface must be performed before applying primer compositions, adhesive layers for roll and tile polymer coatings and mastic compositions for continuous (seamless) floors to the surface.
4.11. The priming of the surface layer must be carried out on the entire surface without gaps before applying building mixtures, mastics, adhesives, etc. (based on bitumen, tar, synthetic resins and aqueous polymer dispersions) to the underlying element with a composition corresponding to the material of the mixture, mastic or glue.
4.12. Wetting of the surface layer of floor elements made of concrete and cement-sand mortar should be carried out before laying building mixtures of cement and gypsum binders on them. Humidification is carried out until the final absorption of water.
DEVICE OF CONCRETE UNDERLYING LAYERS
4.13. Preparation, transportation and laying of concrete mixtures must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" (section 2).
4.14. When performing concrete underlying layers using the vacuum method, the requirements of Table. 16.

Table 16

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
		Measuring, for every 500 m 2 of surface, work log
The mobility of the concrete mix - 8-12 cm
Depression in the vacuum pump - 0.07-0.08 MPa	Not less than 0.06 MPa	Measuring, at least four times per shift, work log
Vacuum duration - 1-1.5 min per 1 cm of the underlying layer		The same, on each section of vacuuming, the work log

STRAP DEVICE
4.15. Monolithic screeds made of concrete, asphalt concrete, cement-sand mortar and prefabricated screeds made of fibreboard must be made in compliance with the rules for the installation of coatings of the same name.
4.16. Gypsum self-leveling and porous cement screeds must be laid immediately to the calculated thickness specified in the project.
4.17. When installing screeds, the requirements of Table. 17.

Table 17

Technical requirements	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Screeds laid on soundproof pads or backfills, at the junction with walls and partitions and other structures, must be laid with a gap of 20 - 25 mm wide for the entire thickness of the screed and filled with a similar soundproofing material: monolithic screeds must be isolated from walls and partitions with strips of waterproofing materials	Technical, all junctions, work log
The end surfaces of the laid section of monolithic screeds after removing the beacon or restrictive rails before laying the mixture in the adjacent section of the screed must be primed (see clause 4.11) or moistened (see clause 4.12), and the working seam is smoothed so that it is invisible
Smoothing the surface of monolithic screeds should be performed under coatings on mastics and adhesive layers and under continuous (seamless) polymer coatings until the mixtures set.	The same, the entire surface of the screeds, the work log
Gluing the joints of the prefabricated fiberboard screed should be carried out along the entire length of the joints with strips of thick paper or adhesive tape 40 - 60 cm wide	Technical, all joints, work log
Laying additional elements between prefabricated screeds on cement and gypsum binders should be carried out with a gap of 10-15 mm wide, filled with a mixture similar to the screed material. If the width of the gaps between the prefabricated screed slabs and walls or partitions is less than 0.4 m, the mixture must be laid on a continuous soundproof layer	Technical, all clearances, work log

SOUND PROOFING DEVICE
4.18. Loose soundproofing material (sand, coal slag, etc.) must be free of organic impurities. The use of backfills made of dusty materials is prohibited.
4.19. Gaskets must be laid without gluing to floor slabs, and slabs and mats - dry or with gluing on bituminous mastics. Soundproof pads under the logs must be laid throughout the entire length of the log without breaks. Tape gaskets for prefabricated screeds "per room" in size should be placed in continuous strips along the perimeter of the premises close to walls and partitions, under the joints of adjacent slabs, and also inside the perimeter - parallel to the larger side of the slab.
4.20. When installing sound insulation, the requirements of Table. eighteen.

Table 18

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The fineness of bulk soundproofing material - 0.15-10 mm		Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m 2 backfill, work log
Moisture content of bulk material between the lags	No more than 10%
Width of soundproof pads, mm: under logs 100-120; for prefabricated screeds with the size "per room" along the perimeter - 200-220, inside the perimeter - 100-120		Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50 - 70 m 2 of floor surface, work log
The distance between the axes of the strips of soundproof gaskets inside the perimeter of prefabricated screeds with the size "per room" - 0.4 m		The same, at least three measurements on each screed slab, work log

WATERPROOFING DEVICE
4.21. Pasted waterproofing using bitumen, tar and mastics based on them should be performed in accordance with Sec. 2, and polymeric waterproofing - according to SNiP 3.04.03-85.
4.22. Waterproofing from crushed stone impregnated with bitumen should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.06.03-85.
4.23. The surface of bituminous waterproofing, before laying coatings, interlayers or screeds on it, which include cement or liquid glass, should be covered with hot bituminous mastic with dry coarse-grained sand embedded in it in compliance with the parameters of Table. 19.

Table 19

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The temperature of the bituminous mastic during application is 160 (C		Measuring, each batch prepared for applying mastic, work log
Sand temperature - 50 (C		The same, each portion of sand before its application, the journal of work
The thickness of the layer of bituminous mastic - 1.0		The same, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the waterproofing surface, an act of examination of hidden works

REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERMEDIATE FLOOR ELEMENTS
4.24. The strength of materials hardening after laying must be at least design. Permissible deviations in the arrangement of intermediate floor elements are given in table. twenty.

Table 20

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The gaps between the control two-meter rail and the checked surface of the floor element should not exceed, mm, for: soil bases - 20 sand, gravel, slag, crushed stone and adobe underlying layers - 15 concrete underlying layers for pasting waterproofing and for coatings on a layer of hot mastic - 5 concrete underlying layers for other types of coatings - 10 screeds for polyvinyl acetate coatings, linoleum, rolls based on synthetic fibers, parquet and PVC plates - 2 screeds for coatings from other types of slabs, end blocks and bricks laid on a layer of hot mastic, polyvinyl acetate cement-concrete coatings and for waterproofing - 4 screeds for coatings of other types - 6		Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the floor surface or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, work log
Deviations of the plane of the element from the horizontal or a given slope - 0.2 of the corresponding room size	No more than 50	Measuring, at least five measurements evenly for every 50-70 m 2 of the floor surface in one room of a smaller area, work log

DEVICE OF MONOLITHIC COATINGS
4.25. Monolithic mosaic coatings and coatings with a hardened surface layer, arranged on concrete underlying layers, should be performed simultaneously with the latter by embedding decorative, reinforcing and other bulk materials into a freshly laid evacuated concrete mixture.
4.26. When installing monolithic coatings, the requirements of Table. 21.

Table 21

Technical requirements	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The maximum fineness of crushed stone and gravel for concrete coatings and marble chips for mosaic, polyvinyl acetate-cement concrete, latex-cement concrete coatings should not exceed 15 mm 0.6 coating thickness	Measuring - in the process of preparing mixtures, at least three measurements per one batch of aggregate, work log
Marble chips: for mosaic coatings must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa polyvinyl acetate-cement concrete and latex-cement concrete at least 80 MPa	The same, at least three measurements per batch of aggregate, work log
Concrete and mosaic mixtures, which do not contain plasticizers, should be used with a cone draft of 2-4 cm, and cement-sand mixtures - with a cone immersion depth of 4-5 cm. The mobility of mixtures should be increased only by the introduction of plasticizers	The same, one measurement for every 50-70 m 2 of coverage, work log
Cutting monolithic coatings into individual cards is not allowed, with the exception of multi-color coatings, where separation veins must be installed between individual cards of different colors. Processing of joining areas of adjacent sections of a single-color coating must be carried out in accordance with paragraph 4.11 or 4.12
Rigid mixtures must be compacted. Compaction and smoothing of concrete and mortar in places of working joints should be carried out until the joint becomes invisible	Visual, the entire surface of a monolithic coating, a log of work
Grinding of coatings should be carried out after reaching the strength of the coating, which eliminates the chipping of the aggregate. The thickness of the layer to be removed should provide a complete opening of the texture of the decorative filler. When grinding, the surface to be treated should be covered with a thin layer of water or an aqueous solution of surfactants.	Measuring, at least nine measurements evenly for every 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface, work log
Surface impregnation of coatings with fluates and sealing compounds, as well as finishing with polyurethane varnishes and epoxy enamels of concrete and cement-sand coatings should be carried out no earlier than 10 days after laying the mixtures at an air temperature in the room of at least 10 (C). Before impregnation, the coating must be dried and clean thoroughly	Technical, whole surface coating, work log

DEVICE OF COATINGS FROM PLATES (TILES) AND UNIFIED BLOCKS
4.27. Slabs (tiles) of cement-concrete, cement-sand, mosaic-concrete, asphalt-concrete, ceramic, stone-cast, cast-iron, steel, natural stone and unified blocks should be laid immediately after the installation of a connecting layer of mortar, concrete and hot mastics. Embedding plates and blocks into the layer should be carried out using vibration; in places inaccessible for vibroheating - manually. The laying and embedding of slabs and blocks should be completed before the mortar begins to set or the mastic hardens.
4.28. The main requirements that must be met when installing coatings from slabs and blocks are given in Table. 22.

Technical requirements	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Porous slabs (concrete, cement-sand, mosaic and ceramic) before laying on a layer of cement-sand mortar should be immersed in water or in an aqueous solution of surfactants for 15-20 minutes	Technical, at least four times per shift, work log
The width of the joints between tiles and blocks should not exceed 6 mm when the tiles and blocks are embedded into the layer manually and 3 mm when the tiles are vibrated, unless a different width of the joints is established by the project.	Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the surface of coatings or in one room of a smaller area in places identified by visual inspection, work log
The mortar or concrete that has come out of the joints must be removed from the coating flush with its surface before it hardens, hot mastic - immediately after cooling, cold mastic - immediately after protruding from the joints	Visual, full surface coverage, job log
The interlayer material must be applied to the back side of the slag-ceramic plates with a lower corrugated surface immediately before laying the plates flush with the protruding corrugation	Visual, at least four times per shift, work log

DEVICE OF COATINGS FROM WOOD AND PRODUCTS BASED ON WOOD
4.29. Logs under the coverings should be laid across the direction of light from the windows, and in rooms with a certain direction of movement of people (for example, in corridors) - perpendicular to the movement. Logs should be butted together end-to-end anywhere in the room with a displacement of joints in adjacent logs by at least 0.5 m. Between the logs and walls (partitions) it is necessary to leave a gap of 20-30 mm wide.
4.30. In floors on ceilings, the surface of the log should be leveled with a layer of sand, padding it under soundproof pads or logs along their entire width or length. The joists must touch the soundproofing layer, floor slabs or sandy leveling layer with the entire lower surface, without gaps. Knocking wooden wedges or linings under the logs to level them or resting the log on wooden linings is prohibited.
4.31. Under the logs, located on the posts in the floors on the ground, wooden spacers should be laid on two layers of roofing, the edges of which should be released from under the spacers by 30-40 mm and fastened to them with nails. The joints of the lag should be located on the posts.
4.32. In the doorways of adjacent rooms, a widened log should be installed that protrudes beyond the partition by at least 50 mm on each side.
4.33. Plank flooring boards, parquet boards, connected to each other by side edges into a tongue, and parquet boards - with dowels, must be tightly rallied. The reduction in the width of the coating products during rallying should be at least 0.5%.
4.34. All plank floor boards must be fastened to each joist with nails 2-2.5 times the thickness of the floor, and parquet boards - with nails 50-60 mm long. Nails should be hammered obliquely into the surface of plank flooring boards and into the base of the lower cheek of the groove on the edges of parquet boards and parquet boards with sunken caps. Driving nails into the front surface of parquet boards and parquet boards is prohibited.
4.35. The joints of the ends of boards of plank coverings, the joints of the ends and side edges with the ends of adjacent parquet boards, as well as the joints of the edges parallel to the logs of adjacent parquet boards should be located on the logs.
4.36. The joints of the ends of the boards of the coating should be covered with a board (frieze) 50-60 mm wide, 15 mm thick, cut flush with the coating surface. The frieze is nailed to the log with nails in two rows with a step (along the log) of 200-250 mm. Docking of the ends without overlapping with a frieze is allowed only in two or three wall boards of the covering; joints should not be opposite doorways and should be located on the same log. When pairing parquet boards, as well as parquet boards with sawn edges, a groove must be made on some of them, on others - a comb corresponding to those on the other edges.
4.37. Superhard fibreboards, type-setting and block parquet should be glued to the base with quick-hardening mastics on waterproof binders, applied in a cold or heated state. Adhesive mastic on the base for superhard fiberboards should be applied in strips 100-200 mm wide along the perimeter of the boards and in the middle zone with an interval of 300-400 mm. When laying out and cutting fiberboards, joining the four corners of the boards at one point is not allowed.
4.38. When installing coatings made of wood and products based on them, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table. 23.

Table 23

Technical requirements	Limit deviations	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
All logs, boards (except for the front side), wooden spacers laid on posts under the logs, as well as wood under the base of fiberboards, must be antiseptic		Visual, all materials, certificate of examination of hidden works
The moisture content of materials should not exceed for: lag and gaskets floor and base boards when laying type-setting and block parquet, parquet boards and parquet boards fibreboard coating
The length of the joined logs must be at least 2 m, the thickness of the log, resting on the floor slabs or the soundproof layer with the entire lower surface, is 40 mm, and the width is 80-100 mm. The thickness of the logs laid on separate supports (columns in floors on the ground, floor beams, etc.) should be 40 - 50 mm, width - 100-120 mm
Wooden laying under the logs in the floors on the ground: width - 100-150 mm, length - 200-250 mm, thickness - at least 25 mm
The distance between the axes of the logs laid on floor slabs and for floor beams (when laying the coating directly on the beams) should be 0.4-0.5 m. When laying the log on separate supports (columns in floors on the ground, floor beams, etc. ) this distance should be: with a lag thickness of 40 mm 0.8 - 0.9 m with a lag thickness of 50 mm 1.0 - 1.1 m For high operational loads on the floor (more than 500 kg / m 2), the distance between the supports for the log, between the logs and their thickness should be taken according to the project		Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m2 of floor surface, work log
The length of the boards joined by the ends of the coating must be at least 2 m, and parquet boards - at least 1.2 m
The thickness of the adhesive layer for type-setting and block parquet and super-hard fiberboards should be no more than 1 mm		Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the floor surface or in one room of a smaller area, work log
Glue area: parquet plank - not less than 80% fibreboard - not less than 40%		Technical, with a trial lifting of products in at least three places per 500 m 2 of the floor surface, work log

DEVICE OF COATINGS FROM POLYMERIC MATERIALS
4.39. Linoleum, carpets, rolled materials made of synthetic fibers and PVC tiles before gluing must be aged until the waves disappear and completely adhere to the base, they must be glued to the underlying layer over the entire area, except as specified in the project.
4.40. Cutting of joined panels of rolled materials must be done no earlier than 3 days after the main gluing of the panels. The edges of the joined linoleum panels must be welded or glued after cutting.
4.41. In areas of heavy pedestrian traffic, the device of transverse (perpendicular to the direction of movement) seams in coatings made of linoleum, carpets and rolled materials made of synthetic fibers is not allowed.
4.42. When installing coatings made of polymeric materials, the requirements of Table. 24.

Table 24

Technical requirements	Limit deviations, %	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The weight moisture content of the panels of interfloor ceilings before the installation of coatings on them should not exceed,%: screeds based on cement, polymer cement and gypsum binder fiberboard screeds		Measuring, at least five measurements evenly for every 50 - 70 m 2 of the coating surface, work log
The thickness of the adhesive layer should be no more than 0.8 mm
When arranging continuous (seamless) coatings, mastic polymer compositions should be applied in layers 1–1.5 mm thick. The next layer should be applied after the previously applied one has hardened and its surface has been dedusted.		Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50 - 70 m 2 of floor surface or in one room of a smaller area, work log

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FINISHED FLOOR COVERING
4.43. The main requirements for finished floor coverings are given in Table. 25.

Table 25

Technical requirements	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Deviations of the coating surface from the plane when checking with a two-meter control rail should not exceed, mm, for: earthen, gravel, slag, crushed stone, adobe coatings and pavement coatings - 10 asphalt concrete coatings, on a layer of sand, end, from cast-iron slabs and bricks - 6 cement-concrete, mosaic-concrete, cement-sand, polyvinyl acetate-concrete, metal-cement, xylolite coatings and coatings from acid-resistant and heat-resistant concrete - 4 coatings on a layer of mastics, end, cast iron and steel plates, bricks of all types - 4 sand, mosaic-concrete, asphalt-concrete, ceramic, stone, slag-ceramic - 4 polyvinyl acetate, plank, parquet and linoleum coatings, roll coatings based on synthetic fibers, from polyvinyl chloride and superhard fiberboards - 2	Measuring, at least nine measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or in one room of a smaller area, acceptance certificate
Ledges between adjacent products of coatings made of piece materials should not exceed for coatings, mm: from paving stones - 3 brick, end, concrete, asphalt concrete, cast iron and steel slabs - 2 from ceramic, stone, cement-sand, mosaic-concrete, slag-ceramic slabs - 1 plank, parquet, linoleum, polyvinyl chloride and superhard fiberboards, polyvinyl chloride plastic - not allowed
Ledges between coatings and floor edging elements - 2 mm	Measuring at least nine measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the coating surface or in one room of a smaller area, acceptance certificate
Deviations from the specified coating slope - 0.2% of the corresponding room size, but not more than 50 mm
Deviations in coating thickness - no more than 10% of the design	The same, at least five measurements, acceptance certificate
When checking the adhesion of monolithic coatings and coatings made of rigid tile materials with the underlying floor elements by tapping, there should be no change in the nature of the sound	Technical, by tapping the entire floor surface in the center of the squares along a conditional grid with a cell size of at least 50 x 50 cm, acceptance certificate
Gaps should not exceed, mm: between plank boards - 1 between parquet boards and parquet boards - 0.5 between adjacent plans of piece parquet - 0.3	Measuring, at least five measurements for every 50-70 m 2 of the surface of the coating or in one room of a smaller area, acceptance certificate
Gaps and gaps between skirting boards and floor coverings or walls (partitions), between adjacent edges of linoleum panels, carpets, rolled materials and tiles are not allowed	Visual, the entire surface of the floor and junctions, the act of acceptance
Coating surfaces should not have potholes, cracks, waves, swellings, raised edges. The color of the coating must match the design	The same, the entire surface of the floor, the act of acceptance

The reliability of the entire structure largely depends on the quality waterproofing of the foundation. Therefore, it is subject to particularly stringent requirements. All work must be carried out in accordance with the standards prescribed in state standards and SNiP. The abbreviation stands for “Building Norms and Rules” and is a system of regulatory documents on construction.

SNiP prescribes mandatory waterproofing work in the case when groundwater, sewage, and some other liquids have an impact on the foundation of high and medium intensity. But even in the absence of moisture on the foundation, waterproofing is by no means an unnecessary measure. A waterproofing device is necessary when the foundation is located in swelling, filler, heaving soil, when the soil contains a large amount of alkaline and acid impurities, compounds of animal origin, etc.

The SNiP contains information on the scope of various materials for waterproofing, provides the characteristics of each material, the requirements and the process of their production, storage and use conditions.

Basic requirements of SNiP for foundation waterproofing

Before starting work, all surfaces to be treated must be thoroughly primed so that no gaps remain. The corners are glued with waterproofing strips. Their minimum width should be 200 mm.

In accordance with SNiP, before the start of waterproofing, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work, during which the surface is thoroughly prepared for further processing with a certain waterproofing material. The list of measures includes:

• sealing cracks;
• felling of concrete flows;
• rust removal;
• rounding and beveling corners;
• surface drying;
• cleaning from dirt and dust with a rag.

Separate requirements are prescribed for working with waterproofing materials. When loading them, you should be guided by the rules specified in.

1. The moisture level of concrete during waterproofing work should not exceed 4%.
2. Painting waterproofing can be carried out only after the primer has thoroughly dried.
3. It is applied in at least two layers. The best quality can be achieved with a four-layer application.
4. The minimum thickness of the paint waterproofing layer should be 3 mm, the maximum - 6 mm.
5. Adjacent lanes must necessarily overlap.
6. Each subsequent layer can be applied after the previous one has thoroughly dried.

To connect the pasting and paint waterproofing, the process of gluing all layers is used with the simultaneous application of a paint intermediate layer. In the horizontal direction, the interface is carried out according to the thermos method, which means that the waterproofing must be covered with a screed.

Quality control of the work carried out is carried out in accordance with * - about the organization construction industry. You should also familiarize yourself with the section SNiP 3.04.01 - 87 on insulating and finishing coatings.

Rules for waterproofing depending on the type of groundwater

In accordance with the established rules and regulations, waterproofing of the glued type for protection against sewage and other liquids is carried out using the following materials:

• hydroisol;
• PVC films;
• hydrostekloizola;
• brizola;
• polyisobutylene;
• fiberglass.

You can learn more about this in the second section of SNiP 3.04.01 - 87, as well as in SNiP.

To protect against capillary rise of groundwater, the norms of SNiP (seventh section 3.06.03 - 85) prescribe the use of waterproofing based on pouring from asphalt concrete or black gravel (bitumen impregnation).

The main requirements of SNiP for waterproofing polymeric materials

According to SNiP, work can only be carried out at temperatures above 0 degrees, however, it is necessary to avoid waterproofing in very hot weather, under the influence of strong ultraviolet radiation, with significant wind speeds or in the rain.

Before starting work, the surface to be treated must be cleaned of oil stains, dirt, dust, sinks must be wiped, and chips removed.

Building codes and regulations relating to waterproofing work regulate the technical requirements for injection compounds for waterproofing, and regulate the injection technology itself.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully study all relevant sections of SNiP, since non-compliance with them can lead to poor quality waterproofing and problems when registering a building with the BTI.

Waterproofing works are carried out in accordance with the requirements for waterproofing materials and technologies specified in SNIP. The presence of certificates of conformity means for a potential consumer a guarantee of the quality of products and technologies offered on the market. Our material will help you understand the content and guarantees of SNIPs in the field of waterproofing.

In order to avoid leaks or to prevent moisture ingress and its destructive effect on the building, different types waterproofing - coating.

Waterproofing is used in cases where the structure is affected by hydrostatic pressure, capillary suction and the absence of hydrostatic backwater. Accordingly, it is possible to distinguish anti-pressure, non-pressure and anti-capillary waterproofing.

Properly executed waterproofing significantly increases the life of buildings and structures. Under the condition of moisture penetration into wooden structures, they undergo partial destruction and decay within 2-3 years, metal structures lose functionality due to corrosion in 10-12 years, concrete ones fail after 40-50 years. If the waterproofing is performed in accordance with all standards, these terms increase at least 2 times.

Here are the main SNiPs for waterproofing, which are used in the construction of buildings, swimming pools, the construction of foundations and other construction work:

1. SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings". This document contains norms of building technologies at the level of modern standards. According to this act, enterprises can independently choose materials for waterproofing, depending on individual needs and the characteristics of the object that needs to be protected from moisture penetration. The determination of the required type of waterproofing for a particular project, as well as the materials that will be used for waterproofing, takes place at the stage of task development and technological maps. All details and details must be agreed with the customer in the prescribed manner and time.

2. In addition to materials recommended for waterproofing, there are those that are unacceptable for use in waterproofing work. They are specified in "SNIP Waterproofing of foundations". Such materials include windproof membranes and films, as well as roofing materials. Foundation waterproofing is necessary if groundwater is located 1 m from the base of the foundation. In cases where the groundwater level is higher, additional installation of a special drainage system is required. The duration and quality of building operation depend on how accurately and responsibly the requirements specified in the SNIP waterproofing of foundations are met.

3. SNIP 3.04.03-85 "Protection of building structures against corrosion" provides for the protection of external waterproofing from corrosive destructive action. This SNIP waterproofing document is also used when performing waterproofing work. According to the requirements of this document, the installation of protective coatings, which should protect against the effects of solar radiation, precipitation and dust, must be carried out for roofs and finishing coatings of building structures.

4. SNIP 3.02.01-87 "Earth structures, foundations and foundations". During the construction of foundations and foundations, earthworks, work on dewatering and organization of surface drainage should be taken into account.

For those inhabitants who do not know, we inform you that the main document that regulates the procedure for carrying out any construction processes is SNiP. This is the so-called unified and main set of rules and regulations, which determines how and with what materials to carry out construction and repair work, what technologies must be used. But there are two more documents, these are ENiR and GESN, which are necessary when compiling estimate documentation. Now about how these documents are tied to the waterproofing of foundations.

SNP norms

First of all, it should be noted that the foundation is the basis of any building or structure, therefore, there are special requirements for its construction, where waterproofing plays an important role. Therefore, there are precisely described requirements for the construction of the foundation in SNiP.

SNiP requirements for waterproofing foundations

Like all construction and repair work, the waterproofing of foundations according to SNiP is divided into stages.

Stage number 1 - preparatory

The very first stage is the preparation of the foundation. What actions should be taken at this stage.

1. Elimination of foundation defects. Namely: cracks, chips, recesses, gaps, influxes. Some of the defects are sealed with a cement-sand mortar, others are knocked down with tools to the outer planes of the foundation.
2. If this supporting structure contains metal parts (beams, pipes, etc.), they must be cleaned of rust by any available means.
3. If the foundation project specifies requirements for chamfering or rounding of corners, then this must be done before waterproofing begins.
4. Drying.
5. Cleaning foundations from dust and dirt using rags or other tools.

Stage number 2 - waterproofing

Waterproofing with bituminous mastic

The second stage is the waterproofing of the foundation itself. And here, according to SNiP, there are also requirements not only for the process, but also for the foundation design itself. And the main one is the temperature range in which waterproofing is allowed. It is located from -30С to +60С, while corrections within 20С in one direction or another can be taken into account.

By the way, there is a clause in SNiP that waterproofing of foundations can also be carried out in accordance with GOST number 12.3.009, where the rules for carrying out this type of work are clearly described. Here are the main ones:

Important. According to SNiP, it is possible to combine waterproofing materials. There are many options here. For example, pasting with painting. In this case, paint waterproofing is applied to the surfaces of the foundations, and the pasting material is applied as the final protective layer.

Within the SNiPs themselves, there are distinctions where vertical and horizontal waterproofing is determined. So that's the thing about horizontal insulation. These requirements are mainly used for slab foundations. By the way, there is a SNiP for these requirements under the number 3.04. 01-87, which specifies the technical requirements for the work. Here they are:

• The difference in the plane of the foundation can be 5 mm, not more.
• If a waterproofing layer is laid between the layers of screeds, then its thickness should not exceed 3 mm.
• The mobility of the cement mortar during manual application should be 10-12 cm, with pumping 5-9 cm.
• After the completion of the waterproofing work, an inspection report must be drawn up.

Waterproofing rules according to SNiP

Roll waterproofing

With the paint waterproofing of the foundation, everything is more or less clear and simple. Now a few rules and requirements for the roll protection method. What does the SNiP say about this? First, the materials that can be used for this are precisely defined:

• Hydroisol, you can use hydrostekloizol instead.
• Brizol.
• Polyisobutene.

Secondly, the requirements regarding the level of groundwater are clearly defined, which negatively affect the quality of the foundation design. For example, if there is a possibility of capillary rise of groundwater, then a pillow of asphalt concrete or crushed stone, which is impregnated with bitumen, is necessarily laid under the foundation. Then waterproofing is applied in the form of bituminous mastic with a thickness of 1-4 mm. But coarse-grained sand is added to the concrete for the foundation.

If the GWL is located close to the surface, then the waterproofing is carried out as a gumming, that is, using special rubber pads, which are vulcanized after installation.

Advice. The laid rubber sheets must be checked for a continuous lining. This is a necessary procedure that will determine the tightness of the insulating layer. The check is made by a flaw detector.

So, everything seems to be clear with SNiP, now let's move on to ENiR and GESN. Let's start with GESN.

State elemental estimated norms (GESN)

So what is GESN? This is a compilation estimated standards, namely elemental, where direct costs for the construction of one structural element are determined. That is, the GESN determines the time for carrying out a particular construction operation, what salary is allocated to workers for its implementation, the operating time of construction equipment and machines.

Most importantly, the GESN contains the most modern standards based on the latest technologies and new building materials. That is, this document is used as a basis for creating an estimate for a construction object.

Important. HPES do not apply to the types of work and building structures, which are subject to increased requirements. And also for construction, which is carried out at an altitude of more than 3500 meters above sea level, that is, in mountainous conditions. To do this, it is necessary to develop special standards.

• By type of work performed.
• According to the purpose of construction, that is, the work is general construction or special.
• According to the degree of aggregation, that is, either a single structure, or a part of a building, or a whole structure is being built.
• By appointment. Here, the division according to HPES is carried out by objects, for example, the construction of the main building, domestic and auxiliary temporary buildings, and so on.

What is GESN made of? First of all, this is a technical part, then indications of input data for sections, various applications and tables of estimated standards.

Uniform norms and prices (ENiR)

So, what is ENiR. This is a rather voluminous document, consisting of 40 collections plus a general part, in which prices and norms for the work being carried out are established, namely:

• for general construction;
• mounting;
• repair and construction.

At the same time, the conditions for conducting processes are taken into account, where it would be desirable to highlight complex conditions, such as underwater, mine, mountain, and so on.

ENiR are calculated at certain tariff rates, which are based on a 7-hour working day. But this is only a base, because the conditions may be different. Therefore, when drawing up estimates for the ENiR, specific conditions for the production of work are stipulated. This must be reflected in the contract.

These are the documents that are used today for waterproofing foundations, where SNiP is the most basic.