Accounting certificate interest calculation sample. Sample and purpose of accounting statement-calculation. Accounting reference n _______
Issue dated February 20, 2015
Account correspondence schemes
A selection based on the materials of the information bank "Correspondence of accounts" of the ConsultantPlus system
Situation:
How are the receipt and repayment of a monetary interest-bearing loan reflected in the organization's accounting, if, according to the agreement, interest on the loan is paid at a time on the date of repayment of the loan?
On January 12, 2015, the organization received an interest-bearing loan in the amount of 600,000 rubles from another legal entity. The loan repayment term is 05/12/2015. According to the loan agreement, interest on the loan is accrued at a rate of 25% per annum on a monthly basis, based on the number of days the agreement is valid in the current month, from the day following the day the loan is granted, until the day the loan is repaid, inclusive.
Borrowed funds were used to pay wages to employees of the organization. The loan amount and interest on it were transferred to the lender on 05/12/2015.
Interim financial statements are prepared by the organization on a monthly basis.
Account correspondence:
Civil law relations
In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 807 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a loan agreement, one party (lender) transfers money or other things defined by generic characteristics to the ownership of the other party (borrower), and the borrower undertakes to return to the lender the same amount of money (loan amount) or an equal number of other things received by him of that same kind and quality. The loan agreement is considered concluded from the moment of transfer of money or other things.
According to paragraph 1 of Art. 809 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the lender has the right to receive interest from the borrower on the loan amount in the amount and in the manner determined by the agreement. In the situation under consideration, according to the agreement, interest is paid at a time when the loan amount is returned (clause 2, article 809 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
The borrower is obliged to return to the lender the received loan amount on time and in the manner prescribed by the loan agreement (clause 1, article 810 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Accounting
For accounting purposes, the amounts of loans received are not recognized as income of the borrowing organization, since they do not meet the conditions for recognizing income established by paragraph 2 of the Accounting Regulation "Income of the organization" PBU 9/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.1999 N 32n (obtaining borrowed funds is not an inflow of assets leading to an increase in the capital of the organization).
When returning (repaying) the loan amount, no expenses arise in the accounting of the borrowing organization by virtue of clause 3 of the Accounting Regulation "Organization's expenses" PBU 10/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.1999 N 33n.
In accordance with paragraphs 2, 5 of the Accounting Regulation "Accounting for expenses on loans and credits" (PBU 15/2008), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 06, 2008 N 107n, funds received (returned) under a loan agreement , are reflected in accounting as the occurrence and repayment of the corresponding accounts payable.
Interest payable to the lender in accordance with the terms of the agreement is accounted for as other expenses evenly (on a monthly basis) during the term of the loan agreement. This follows from par. 2 p. 3, p. p. 6, 7, 8 PBU 15/2008, p. 11, 14.1, 16, 18 PBU 10/99.
Accrued interest amounts are reflected in accounting separately from the principal amount of the obligation for the received loan (clause 4 of PBU 15/2008).
In this case, the amount of accrued interest is paid in a lump sum on the date of repayment of the loan (05/12/2015). Consequently, on this date, the organization's accounts payable are repaid both in terms of the principal amount of the loan and in terms of accrued interest.
Accounting records reflecting the transactions in question are made in the manner established by the Instructions for the Application of the Chart of Accounts for Accounting for the Financial and Economic Activities of Organizations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n, and are given below in the posting table.
Value Added Tax (VAT)
Operations for the provision of loans in cash, as well as interest on them, are not subject to VAT on the basis of paragraphs. 1 p. 2 art. 146, paras. 1 p. 3 art. 39, paras. 15 p. 3 art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Consequently, the borrowing organization does not have any tax consequences for VAT either upon receipt or return of the loan amount, or upon payment of interest.
Corporate income tax
In tax accounting, funds received under a loan agreement and returned to the lender are not taken into account when determining the tax base for income tax either as income or as expenses (clause 10 clause 1 article 251, clause 12 article 270 of the Tax Code RF).
As a general rule, interest on debt obligations of any kind is included in non-operating expenses on the basis of paragraphs. 2 p. 1 art. 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the features provided for by Art. 269 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
From 01/01/2015, interest on debt obligations of any kind, including under a loan agreement (which is not a controlled transaction), is recognized as an expense based on the actual rate (clause 1, article 269 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). For detailed information on changes in the treatment of interest on debt, see the Income Tax Practical Guide and the Practical Commentary on Key Changes in Tax Legislation since 2015.
When applied accrual method expenses in the form of interest under the loan agreement are recognized on a monthly basis (at the end of each month during the term of the loan agreement and on the date of repayment of the loan) based on the interest rate established by the loan agreement and the number of days the borrowed funds are used in the reporting period. This follows from the set of norms of par. 2, 3 p. 4 art. 328, para. 1, 3 p. 8 Art. 272, para. 2 pp. 2 p. 1 art. 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
In the case of accounting for income and expenses cash method interest expenses are recognized on the date of actual repayment of the debt for their payment (in this case, on May 12, 2015) (clause 1, clause 3, article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Application of PBU 18/02
When applying the cash method in tax accounting on the dates of accrual of interest in accounting for January - April, deductible temporary differences arise in the amount of accrued interest and the corresponding deferred tax assets (ITA), which are repaid on the date of payment of interest (clauses 11, 14 , 17 of the Accounting Regulations "Accounting for corporate income tax settlements" RAS 18/02, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 N 114n).
Accounting entries related to the occurrence and redemption of IT are made in the manner prescribed by the Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts, and are given in the posting table.
Designations of analytical accounts used in the posting table
To balance sheet account 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings":
66-o "Calculations on the principal amount of the debt on the loan";
66-p "Calculations on interest on a loan."
|
Debit |
Credit |
Amount, rub. |
primary document |
|
|
Received funds under a loan agreement |
66th |
600 000 |
Loan agreement, |
|
|
January interest accrued (600,000 x 25% / 365 x 19) |
91-2 |
66-p |
7808,22 |
Loan agreement, Accounting reference-calculation |
|
Cash method: Reflected SHE (7808.22 x 20%) |
1561,64 |
Accounting reference-calculation |
||
|
February interest accrued (600,000 x 25% / 365 x 28) |
91-2 |
66-p |
11 506,85 |
Loan agreement, Accounting reference-calculation |
|
Cash method: Reflected SHE (11,506.85 x 20%) |
2301,37 |
Accounting reference-calculation |
||
|
March interest accrued (600,000 x 25% / 365 x 31) |
91-2 |
66-p |
12 739,73 |
Loan agreement, Accounting reference-calculation |
|
Cash method: Reflected SHE (12,739.73 x 20%) |
2547,95 |
Accounting reference-calculation |
||
|
April interest accrued (600,000 x 25% / 365 x 30) |
91-2 |
66-p |
12 328,77 |
Loan agreement, Accounting reference-calculation |
|
Cash method: Reflected SHE (12,328.77 x 20%) |
2465,75 |
Accounting reference-calculation |
||
|
May interest accrued (600,000 x 25% / 365 x 12) |
91-2 |
66-p |
4931,51 |
Loan agreement, Accounting reference-calculation |
|
Loan interest paid (7808,22 + 11 506,85 + 12 739,73 + 12 328,77 + 4931,51) |
66-p |
49 315,08 |
Bank statement on current account |
|
|
Cash method: SHE redeemed (1561,64 + 2301,37 + 2547,95 + 2465,75) |
8876,71 |
Accounting information |
||
|
Money transferred to the lender to repay the principal amount of the loan |
66th |
600 000 |
Bank statement on current account |
M.S. Radkova
Consulting and analytical accounting center and taxation
Getting a loan is often accompanied by the obligation to pay interest for its use within a certain period of time. In certain situations, they are normalized.
Interest on loans received is recorded as a debit entry for other expenses 91.2 and a credit or accounts. They are accrued every month under the accrual method, if the loan term is more than a year. Under the cash method - on the day the interest is transferred.
If the debt is controlled (the loan was provided by a foreign organization that owns 20% of the authorized capital, or an affiliate of this organization), the interest is calculated by dividing the interest rate for the reporting or tax period by the capitalization ratio as of the last reporting date. This value cannot exceed the limit level (Article 269 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
When issuing a loan in foreign currency, a need arises. Under the cash method, this situation is not possible.
Typical postings in accounting
During the construction of real estate, interest on the loan is included in their initial cost:
- Debit 08 Credit 66 (67).
After construction is completed, a record is made:
- Debit 91.2 Credit 66 (67).
If the interest rate exceeds the controlled debt ratio, then a deferred tax liability arises, which must be recognized at:
- debit of account 68.4.2 and credit of the account.
Example of transactions for a loan from a legal entity
The firm was granted a cash loan for a period of months at a rate of 12% per annum in the amount of 350,000 rubles.
Wiring:
| Account Dt | Account Kt | Wiring Description | Posting amount | A document base |
| 66 | Received a loan | 350 000 | Loan agreement bank statement |
|
| 91.2 | 66 | Interest accrued on a loan | 38 500 | Accounting information |
| 66 | Percentages listed | 38 500 | Payment order | |
| 66 | Loan repaid | 350 000 | Payment order |
If the lender is an individual, from the amount of interest paid to him: 13% - for residents and 35% - for non-residents. This operation is documented by posting: Debit 73 (76) Credit 68 personal income tax. The transfer of interest to an individual is carried out by recording Debit 66 (67) Credit (50).
Loan from an individual
The organization received a loan from the director in the amount of 80,000 rubles. at 5% per annum for 3 months.
Wiring:
| Account Dt | Account Kt | Wiring Description | Posting amount | A document base |
| 50 | 66 | Received a loan | 80 000 | Incoming cash order |
| 91.2 | 66 | Interest accrued | 600 | Accounting information |
| 73 | 68 personal income tax | Withheld personal income tax from interest | 78 | Accounting information |
| 66 | 50 | Interest paid | 522 | Account cash warrant |
| 66 | 50 | Loan repaid | 80 000 | Account cash warrant |
Sample accounting statement for calculating the amount of interest on loans issued
Answer
Sample accounting statement:
Alpha Limited Liability Company
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
for the calculation of interest on loans granted for the month: September ___ 20_15_
| № p/n |
Loan agreement | Loan amount, rub. | Annual interest rate, % | Loan term | Number of calendar days in the period for which interest is calculated, days | The amount of interest per month on the granted loan, rub. |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7=3*4/365(366)days*6 |
| 1 | Agreement No. 321 dated 01.03.2015 | 10000000,00 | 10 | 30.11.2015 | 30 | 8 219,18 |
| Total | 8 219,18 |
Performed by: accountant __________________/ ________________________
Chief Accountant __________________/ ________________________
The amount and procedure for paying interest
The amount of interest on the loan can be specified in the agreement. If there is no such clause, the borrower must pay interest to the organization on the date of repayment of the loan (or part thereof).
The procedure for paying interest can also be prescribed in the contract. But if this condition is absent, the borrower must pay interest monthly until the loan is fully repaid.
If the organization provides an interest-free loan, this condition must be expressly stated in the contract. The exception is loans in kind. By default, they are interest-free. But if the organization intends to receive interest from the borrower, their amount and payment procedure must be provided for in the contract.
The amount of interest in kind, as a rule, does not need to be calculated - it is established by the parties to the transaction in the contract (for example, 50 sheets of iron at market value monthly).
Interest in cash is set at the annual interest rate. Therefore, to calculate the amount of monthly interest on a loan issued in cash, determine:
- the amount of the loan on which interest is charged;
– interest rate (annual or monthly);
- the number of calendar days in the period for which interest is calculated.
As a rule, in the calculation it is necessary to take into account the actual number of calendar days in a year - 365 or 366 - and, accordingly, in a month - 30, 31, 28 or 29 days. Interest must be calculated from the day following the day the loan is granted, until the day it is repaid, inclusive. This procedure is confirmed by the Regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated August 4, 2003 No. 236-P. For organizations, it is not mandatory, so the contract can provide for another procedure (for example, set a fixed amount of interest).
The amount of monthly interest on a loan in cash is determined as follows:
2. In what cases is it necessary to draw up an accounting statement
An accounting statement must be drawn up in any case when an accountant needs to justify transactions or calculations. For example:
- when submitting revised declarations to justify the calculations reflected in them ();
- to confirm the amounts reflected in accounting, for example, when calculating dividends;
- to justify reversal entries, etc.
This primary document must contain the mandatory details listed in Article 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ.
For information on how to properly draw up an accounting statement, approve and store, read the article. Download ready-made samples.
An accounting certificate is useful when you need to justify transactions, make preliminary calculations or correct errors, offset mutual claims, accrue dividends or recalculate benefits.
How to write an accounting statement in different situations using examples
We will immediately warn you that primary documents cannot be replaced with an accounting certificate. For example, without waybills and acts, you will not take into account expenses. Advance reports cannot be replaced either. Therefore, use the certificate as an additional document only to confirm expenses and justify other entries in accounting. Keep certificates for at least five years, and sometimes longer. For example, during the entire period of loss carry forward in tax accounting.
- Important article:
Table. What details to include in the certificate
Need to fix a mistake
Often accounting certificates are issued to make corrections to accounting. For example, if you made incorrect entries, made a mistake in the amounts, reflected the operation twice. If you made a mistake in the accounting, make a certificate. In it, indicate the cause and essence of the error, posting.
Example 1. How to issue an accounting certificate to correct errors
In March 2018, the farm received from the supplier an act for services for 30,000 rubles. The accountant mistakenly spent 33,000 rubles. A week later, an error was discovered and issued accounting certificate No. 1, they wrote down in the accounting:
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 60
- 33,000 rubles. – the posting of services is reversed;
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 60
- 30,000 rubles. – services have been credited for the correct amount.
How to draw up an accounting statement to justify the calculations
Often you have to do the calculations manually. To justify the calculations, confirm income or expenses, draw up an accounting certificate. For example, when calculating interest on a loan issued or received, per diems or dividends, advances on property taxes.
Sample 1. Accounting note when you need to correct a mistake
Example 2. How to issue an accounting statement to justify calculations
In March, the farm sent an agronomist on a business trip from March 19 to March 23, 2018. To calculate the daily allowance for the trip, the accountant issued an accounting certificate No. 2 and made entries in the accounting:
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 71
- 3500 rubles. - Per diems are charged.
Sample 2. Accounting statement for reasonable daily allowance
Example 3. How to issue an accounting certificate if you need to calculate interest on a loan
The farm issued a loan to a third-party organization on February 28, 2018. The amount is 2,000,000 rubles, the rate is 9 percent per annum. To calculate the interest for March, the accountant issued a certificate No. 3 and wrote down:
DEBIT 76 CREDIT 91 SUB-ACCOUNT "OTHER INCOME"
- 15,287.67 rubles. - interest on the loan for March.
Sample 3. Accounting certificate of interest accrual
Example 4. How to issue an accounting certificate for calculating VAT
In March, the farm sold potatoes to the population for cash. Invoices were not issued. To reflect the accrued VAT, according to the KCP reports, the accountant issued certificate No. 4 and registered it in the sales book.
Example 5. How to issue an accounting certificate when accruing tax advances
The real estate of the economy includes an administrative and business building. The tax base for it is the cadastral value, which as of January 1, 2018 is 8,103,292.80 rubles. The property tax rate is 1.5 percent. Advance payment on property tax for the 1st quarter - 30,387.35 rubles. (8,103,292.80 ₽ × 1.5% : 4). The accountant made the calculation of the advance payment in certificate No. 5.
Sample 4. Accounting certificate for VAT calculation
An accounting statement helps agricultural companies in court if it is necessary to confirm such expenses in tax accounting:
- monthly income under a contract with a long cycle (decree of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North Caucasus District dated April 25, 2014 in case No. A32-16469 / 2012);
- the cost of defective products, which reduces income tax (decree of the Arbitration Court of the North Caucasus District dated April 25, 2016 in case No. A63-7396 / 2015).
Sample 5. Accounting certificate for calculating the advance on property tax
