Monolithic products

The design features of monolithic products require their mandatory reinforcement. Monolithic structures reinforced with a steel frame are called reinforced concrete structures.

The reinforcement of the products acts as a “rod” on which the entire monolithic structure rests. The reinforcement structure (hereinafter referred to as reinforcement cage or simply reinforcement) depends on the purpose and loads that the monolithic product will bear.

Individual rods and wires, wire bundles and packages, welded meshes, flat and three-dimensional frames are used as reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures.

A special group of reinforcement products consists of embedded parts. If the reinforcement frame in the finished product is walled up in concrete, then the embedded parts come to the surface of the concrete and serve as a connecting link between the frame and the products, which, if necessary, will be attached to this reinforced concrete structure.

In general terms, you now have an idea of ​​what monolithic reinforced concrete structures are. We will consider below what a reinforcement cage is, specifically for a landing.

Reinforcement works

Reinforcement work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”, GOST 19292-73, “Instructions for welding connections of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures” SN 393-78, “Guidelines for the production of reinforcement works" TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy-1977. And other active ones regulatory documents.

The manufacture of the reinforcement frame and mesh must be carried out according to the drawings and have the exact location of the elements to be welded. Replacement of reinforcing steel provided by the project by class, grade and assortment is agreed with design organization.

The technological process for manufacturing a reinforcement frame includes:

straightening and cutting of steel reinforcement, wire supplied in coils with a diameter of 3...14 mm and in rods with a diameter of 12...40 mm into rods of measured length;
straightening (bending) and butt welding of rods to the required size;
welding of meshes and frames;
enlarged assembly (welding and wire knitting) of volumetric reinforcement blocks;
transportation and installation of frames at a construction site.

The reinforcement frame of monolithic section No. 3 for the landing is made according to the dimensions indicated on the diagrams (see figure).

Note:

Steel class A-III, diameter 12-20 mm - periodic profile steel (in rods).
Steel class A-III, diameter 8 mm - smooth reinforcement (in coils).

Table 1: Specification of reinforcement for the frame of a monolithic section of a landing

Brand position	Designation	Name	Weight, kg	Consumption, in linear meters	Note
5	GOST 5781-82	Fittings dia. 8 A-III	35	106	per site
6	GOST 5781-82	Fittings dia. 12 A-III	5	7	Same
7	GOST 5781-82	Fittings dia. 20 A-II	14	7	Same
		Concrete class. At 15			0.5 m3

The mesh must be welded by spot welding. For the frame, reinforcement is used according to the specified table:

Cross intersections of reinforcement bars mounted individually, in the places of their intersection established in the project, should be fastened with tying wire. There should be no broken, crossed or broken wires in the reinforcement cage. The wires should fit tightly together.

Wire (or reinforcing wire in coils) affected by corrosion is not allowed for use. The wire is considered corroded if the rust cannot be removed by wiping.

Attention! To avoid injury and fire safety -
Only persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training (construction welder) and are authorized to perform welding work are allowed to perform welding work.

Concrete works

Before you perform concrete work it is necessary to install scaffolding and formwork on it for the monolith. For the principle of formwork installation, see the section “Arrangement and dismantling of formwork for a monolithic slab.”

Concrete work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”. Compound concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.

Before concreting, reinforcement and formwork should be cleaned of debris, dirt and loose rust. The surface of the wooden formwork adjacent to the concrete must be moistened. Seal the gaps in the formwork flooring that were formed during installation of the frame.

Before installing the frame, pads (crackers made from cement mortar), providing the necessary gap between the reinforcement and the formwork to form a protective layer of the floor.

Attention! The installed reinforcement must be secured against displacement and protected from damage that may occur during concreting of the slab structure. It is prohibited to use linings made from scraps of reinforcement, wooden blocks and crushed stone.

The concrete mixture must be laid into the structure in horizontal layers of equal thickness without breaks, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction in all layers. When laying the concrete mixture, methods must be used to prevent its delamination.

The concrete mixture is compacted using a vibrator, which must not be rested on the reinforcement during operation. Vibration can be stopped only after laitance appears on the surface.

In places where the density of the reinforcement or the location of the formwork prevents the compaction of the concrete mixture by vibration, the mixture is bayoneted (compacted metal rod, "bayonet").

Note: Compaction of the concrete mixture with a surface vibrator is allowed if the thickness of the concrete mixture layer in structures with double reinforcement does not exceed 120 mm.

Floors monolithically connected to vertical structures (walls, columns) are concreted 1-2 hours after concreting these structures. Construction joints must be installed in the middle third of the slab spans.

Attention! When there are breaks in laying the concrete mixture, vertical shields should be temporarily installed in places where there is an expected break. In this case, concreting should be carried out up to these panels.

After a break, the concrete mixture is laid on the surface of the working joint, previously cleared of dirt (cement film) and washed with water, provided that the strength of the previously laid concrete is at least 15 kgf/cm2.

The top level of the mixture to be laid should be 50mm below the top of the formwork panels.

Concrete work is carried out only at positive ambient temperatures.

Attention! It is not allowed to restore the mobility of the concrete mixture to the required consistency by adding water at the place of its placement.

If cracks appear on the surface of concrete after laying it due to plastic shrinkage, repeated surface vibration is allowed no later than 1 hour after completion of concrete placement.

Curing and maintaining concrete

When maintaining laid concrete during the initial period of its hardening, it is necessary:
maintain temperature and humidity conditions that ensure an increase in concrete strength;
protect hardening concrete from impacts, shocks and other mechanical influences;
protect hardening concrete from exposure to wind, direct sunlight and systematically moisten it.

Note: During initial maintenance, direct contact of hardening concrete with water is not allowed (i.e., cover the concrete from moisture in case of rain).

Wetting should be carried out on hardening concrete by spraying at a frequency such that the surface of the concrete during the maintenance period would be in a wet state all the time.

Concrete surfaces that are not subsequently intended for monolithic connection with concrete or mortar should be covered with film-forming compounds or protective films instead of covering and watering.

The open surface of the structure should be covered with a solid sheet over the entire area, the edges of the sheet should fit tightly to the side surfaces of the concrete.

To eliminate the labor-intensive operation of moisture maintenance of concrete and accelerate its hardening, electrical heating of the concrete is performed.

Concrete maintenance is stopped in the evening. After the cessation of maintenance, the concrete surfaces must be kept under the coating for another 2-3 days without additional moisture.

Attention! The movement of people on concrete structures, as well as the installation of scaffolding and formwork on them, is allowed only after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 kgf/cm2.

Stripping monolithic structures must be done within the time limits indicated below:
removal of the side elements of the formwork that do not bear the load from the weight of the structure (for a loggia, except for the landing and the beveled slab) - after the concrete reaches strength, ensuring the safety of the surface and edges of the corners when removing the formwork;
stripping of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures (staircase and beveled slab) - after the concrete reaches strength and depends on the size of the monolithic structure.

The entrance group, the main elements of which are the road to the garage, the area immediately in front of the entrance and the concrete platform for the car, located on the territory of the site, are integral elements of any site, be it country estates or local area urban private housing. The arrangement of each of these elements is characterized by its own characteristics, which every owner of a private territory should be aware of. No one doubts the durability of concrete patios, and if you use imagination and minimal design skills in the process of arranging them, they can become a successful addition to your garden and a worthy alternative to brick patios, which are one of the sought-after elements of creative landscape design of the site. How to equip a concrete site with your own hands and what are the main technological aspects of pouring concrete - you will get answers to these and other questions by reading the article prepared by our specialists.

Elements of the entry group: brief description

Concrete platform located in front of the entrance, is often a ramp designed not only for more convenient entry into the site, but also to prevent excess moisture from entering from adjacent areas. From the point of view of the device, the ramp is presented in the form of a monolithic concrete slab, previously subjected to reinforcement, the thickness of which is determined by several factors: the size of the intended ramp and the dynamic load that the ramp experiences during the entry of a car. In most cases it is optimal to use monolithic slab, reinforced with a metal mesh, while the thickness of the slab does not exceed 15 cm. To prevent possible deformations, when arranging a ramp, it is necessary to take into account a number of physical constants, among which the main place is given to the direction of the load when the car moves, which is associated with the slope of the ramp. In this regard, during the construction of the ramp, an expansion joint is installed, located between the horizontal slab on the site and the ramp slab. The final step in arranging the expansion joint is sealing it with waterproofing material - hydroglass insulation.

Concrete platform for a car, located on the site, is a platform made of monolithic concrete. If the design of your site involves the presence of concrete paths or paths made of paving stones, in the process of arranging the concrete site it is important to take into account the height of its base, which should be at the same level as the base of the paths. You can combine a concrete platform for a car and pedestrian paths using a curb stone or a drainage element.

What are the main advantages of a concrete pad?

Despite the fact that the simplest way to organize a site or a parking area for a car is to arrange a site covered with crushed stone, in most cases, experienced developers prefer to give preference to more reliable concrete sites. And all this is connected not with a biased attitude towards crushed stone, but with the peculiarities weather conditions in the spring time. In the spring, during rain or melting snow, the soil under the crushed stone layer gradually softens, which will lead to its settling under the weight of the car. Therefore, in this case, the most optimal option is to pour a concrete platform, which must be organized before leaving the garage. It is necessary to say a few words about the advantages of a concrete platform:

• Versatility and long service life;
• Ease of installation, which makes it possible to manufacture it yourself;
• One of the most important advantages of a concrete site is the affordable cost of materials for its production, as well as the ease and smoothness of their delivery.

Depending on its purpose, a concrete site is characterized by certain design features, which must be taken into account when arranging it. If you plan to use the site as a kind of patio, on which a sun lounger or a gazebo consisting of a small table and a canopy will be installed, its operation will be carried out under light load conditions. The thickness of concrete pouring in this case may not exceed 5 cm. Used, unnecessary pieces of iron are suitable as reinforcement material in this case. But if the concrete site is used as a parking lot or an area for installing a swimming pool, the operational loads will increase significantly, which is the determining point of its design. The thickness of the concrete layer is at least 10 cm, and steel reinforcement must be used as the reinforcement material.

Arrangement of a concrete site: preparatory activities

Activities for the arrangement of a concrete site are characterized by a number of specific features. First of all, you need to take into account that in most cases you are limited in the choice of territory, which is determined by the location of the garage on the site. And in this case, one has to face certain difficulties related to the fact that the most flat and sufficiently dense area must be allocated for the construction of the site, which will allow the rational use of concrete mortar. In this regard, before starting to arrange the concrete site, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures, the essence of which is leveling and compacting the area.

The first stage of preparatory activities involves the removal and removal of fertile soil in which vegetation is found. If this is not done, the plants remaining after the construction of the site will rot and form cavities, which will significantly reduce the performance characteristics of the concrete site. To do this, it is necessary to dig up the soil to a depth of half the bayonet of a shovel, which will be quite enough to remove fertile soil. Having dug up the required area, the fertile soil is moved to another area, and after removing the soil that fell on the blind area, the area is marked using stakes and twine.

Important! When choosing an area for constructing a concrete site, make sure that there are no communication networks on the territory of the selected area. If it is impossible to comply this condition, communications must be protected by “clothing” them in a protective case or box.

To prevent subsequent shrinkage of the territory, which, if the rules of arrangement are not followed, is observed during the operation of the site, the territory must be carefully leveled and compacted, while checking it for the presence of hidden holes. Next, a sand and gravel cushion is installed on a leveled base, the presence of which will help avoid the appearance of cracks during operation. The thickness of the protective cushion is determined by the expected load on the concrete pad. First of all, a layer of sand, on average equal to 10 cm, is laid, moistened and thoroughly compacted. After this, crushed stone or gravel is laid in the same way. The thickness of the gravel layer should be at least 5 cm, which is determined by the depth of soil freezing under the concrete layer.

Important! If you ignore our advice and refuse to lay a sand-gravel cushion, you will soon notice that cyclic freezing and thawing contributes to the gradual destruction of concrete from the inside, which will lead to the fact that the monolithic concrete slab will soon cease to be such.

Organization of formwork: main points

Despite the fact that concrete can be poured either into the formwork or directly into the ground, we consider it necessary to consider in detail the arrangement of the formwork. Before discussing the procedure for organizing it, let us clarify that in the case of pouring concrete directly into the ground, the role of formwork is performed by the ground itself or the walls of the building.

But if you still prefer to pour concrete into the formwork, we advise you to approach its arrangement with the utmost thoroughness. The formwork is designed to hold the concrete in its original state until it has completely hardened (depending on the initial consistency of the solution, its hardening time can vary up to 10 hours). Almost any materials can be used to make formwork, depending on the thickness of the concrete layer. If the thickness of the concrete layer does not exceed 5 cm, then plywood 6 mm thick can be used as formwork. In our case, large-scale operation of the concrete site is planned, and therefore we recommend using boards for formwork.

The production of formwork begins with the installation of wooden pegs, which are driven into the ground at the four corners of the site. Next, boards are nailed to them. Three of the four sides then need to be reinforced with additional pegs, which are installed on the side of the garage door and on both sides adjacent to the side of the formwork installed near the garage door. When considering the arrangement of formwork, it is necessary to discuss one more nuance related to the area of ​​pouring concrete. There are full and partial pouring of concrete. If we're talking about When constructing a concrete platform that does not serve as a foundation, it is permissible to rely on partial concrete pouring, which is much easier to do, especially if you are working alone. In this regard, the size of the pouring sectors is determined at the stage of formwork construction.

Arranging guides for pouring concrete: manufacturing options

In this case, it is possible to use two methods of installing guides.

Method No. 1

The guides are manufactured from a profile pipe characterized by a rectangular cross-section. During the work it is necessary to resort to the use of welding. If you are not a professional in this field, do not rush to abandon the construction of a concrete site, since welding work in this case is so simple that anyone with minimal practical skills in this area can handle it. In this case, reinforcing bars are welded to the profile pipe, observing a step of one meter. As for the length of the welded reinforcement, it is determined as follows: after hammering the reinforcement into the base located above the crushed stone layer, there should be a free space equal to the height of the concrete layer. In most cases, the optimal length of the reinforcement is 25 cm. Before concreting the site, reinforcement is laid on a layer of crushed stone, on top of which guides are installed. To protect the reinforcement structure, experts recommend raising it a couple of centimeters above the crushed stone layer.

Important! You can also raise the reinforcement directly during the concrete pouring process.

After the guides have been installed and their angle of inclination has been checked using a building level, it is necessary to strengthen the entire structure. To do this you need to prepare a small amount concrete mortar, which is subsequently laid in the form of pyramids between the reinforcement bars. Carrying out this action will prevent subsidence of the structure and will help strengthen the entire structure.

Method number 2

The second option for arranging the formwork involves arranging a concrete structure. First of all, it is necessary to tighten the marking line so that its level coincides with the level of the future concrete site. On both sides of the fishing line, formwork is arranged from pipes or boards. In the process of arranging the formwork, it is necessary to maintain the distance between its individual elements, which should be from 8 to 12 cm. Directly on construction site prepare a small amount of concrete solution, which must be placed in the formwork to the level limited by the stretched line. After the initial setting of the concrete mixture has occurred, it is necessary to dismantle the formwork and move it to the next place where it is planned to erect another guide. The minimum distance between the guides should be 2.7 meters.

In its simplest version, the arrangement of a concrete site can be carried out without the manufacture of guides. In this case, they recommend making do with the manufacture of a reinforcing frame made of wire with a diameter of at least 2.5 mm. In this case, the mesh is placed so that it is located at a distance of 5-8 cm from the formwork.

An additional layer of gravel 5 cm thick is placed on top, which also needs to be leveled.

Concreting the site: technological stages

Having completed all the above stages of territory development, which to some extent can be considered preparatory, we pour the concrete site. When choosing materials for pouring a platform for a car, bet on M400 grade concrete, since it is considered optimal in this case and is able to withstand the load transferred to the site by a passenger car. In the process of preparing concrete mortar, it is necessary to maintain a 1: 1 ratio, where for one bucket of cement there is one bucket of sand, which must be as clean as possible and free of clay impurities. In addition, to prepare the solution you will need crushed stone and water. The solution is prepared as follows:

Water is poured into the container of the concrete mixer and, turning on the mixer, the required amount of cement is poured into the pear, after which crushed stone is used, which prevents the formation of cement lumps, acting as another, additional blade of the concrete mixer. Finally, add the required amount of sand and, under control of the density of the solution, knead it for 10-15 minutes. This solution can be considered a standard concrete solution, prepared in accordance with all the advice of professionals in this field, the essence of which is that the solution should be thick enough.

Our solution is classic concrete, which is used to pour the formwork. And this is one of the most labor-intensive, but at the same time reliable methods of preparing cement mortar. To make your task easier, you can go the other way and exclude crushed stone from the ingredients for the solution. In this case, the preparation of the solution is carried out using a similar method, but in the end, the consistency of the solution should be uniform and resemble a fairly thick jelly. A uniform consistency will facilitate the most favorable seepage between the crushed stone, which will allow the concrete pad to be cemented as a single monolithic slab.

The construction of concrete platforms involves pouring concrete mortar, starting from the farthest corner relative to the location of the concrete mixer. During the pouring process, the specified slope must be observed. It is important to remember the golden rule of concreting, the essence of which is that the less time spent pouring a concrete site, the stronger the subsequent screed will be. Upon completion of pouring, the surface of the site is leveled, after which excess concrete is removed. The final touch to arranging a concrete site will be the introduction of design elements, which will be especially relevant if you plan to arrange a patio on this site.

To add variety to the site, it is enough to walk over the surface of the concrete that has not yet set with a brush, which will give it an additional design touch, the introduction of which will be not only aesthetic, but also practical. This is due to the fact that visual aesthetics in this case is combined with safety due to the additional roughness of the site. That's all, the work on arranging the concrete site has been completed. All you have to do is be patient and wait for the concrete to dry completely, which is the key to long-term and proper operation of the concrete site.

If you are not sure that a large amount of runoff will not damage your concrete site, you need to think in advance about the arrangement of the drainage system, which must be carried out at the site design stage.

To ensure proper drying of the concrete, the newly poured area must be covered with plastic or sprinkled with a large amount of sawdust. This is necessary so that the solution hardens in accordance with all the rules, which imply gradual drying of the concrete while maintaining the optimal level of moisture in it. Since the final hardening of the solution can only be said after three weeks, even after removing the protective plastic, it is not recommended to operate the site with the maximum permissible load, as this can lead to deformations or damage to its integrity.

Monolithic sections between floor slabs

Before you decide to make monolithic sections between floor slabs yourself, soberly assess your capabilities, because this is serious painstaking work. But if you still decide to make a monolith between the slabs yourself, then you will have to go through the following installation stages.

Diagram of a monolithic section.

Surface preparation

At this stage, you have to make sure that right moment you had the necessary materials and tools at hand. Therefore, you need to take care of availability in advance.

So, to make a monolithic section of the floor, you will need the following tools: a hammer drill, wood screws 90 mm long, standard threaded rods 2 m long, nuts, washers, open-end and socket wrenches, Pobedit drills for concrete, wood drills 90 cm long, screwdriver cross-shaped cue balls for a screwdriver of very good quality (good quality is required because the edges of low-quality cue balls wear off very quickly), a hook, an angle grinder with metal discs, a diamond-coated circular saw (for cutting boards along and across the grain), an 800-gram hammer, sledgehammer up to 3 kg, steel nails 120 mm in size, tape measure #8211 2-3 pieces (tape tapes are necessary for accurate measurements, there should be a sufficient number of them, as they often break and get lost), carpenter's pencil, carpenter's angle 50 cm long, carpenter's stapler with staples, level.

You will also need building materials: knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm for binding frames, reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm, wire with a diameter of at least 6 mm, cement, gravel, sand, film 100-120 microns thick, boards 50x150 mm, boards 5x50 mm.

It is also necessary to take care of protective equipment in advance, because you and your assistants will have to work dangerously at height among nails, fittings and boards sticking out in all directions. For protection you will need: gloves, closed shoes (construction boots or shoes made of thick fabric such as old-style army boots), safety glasses, a cap or helmet.

Design calculations

Calculation of a prefabricated floor slab.

At this stage, you will need to make accurate measurements and calculations so that you know what and how much you will need. First of all, we find out what the floor slabs will be like. To do this, we find out the width of the building and divide it in half, into two equal parts. We immediately determine where the staircase to the second floor will be, on which side the flight of stairs will rise, and only after that we calculate the dimensions and number of floor slabs.

The length of floor slab #8211 is the width of the house divided by 2.

The width of the floor slab comes in three standard sizes: 80 cm, 1 m 20 cm, 1 m 50 cm.

Don't forget to take into account the 7 cm gap between the floor slabs! The absence of a gap between the plates will complicate their installation and may subsequently cause deformation.

Monolithic section between two slabs 980 mm wide (download drawing in dwg format)

Sometimes you have to make wide monolithic sections between the floor slabs. They must be calculated according to the current loads. The drawing shows a monolithic section with a width of 980 mm, supported by two hollow core slabs. The conditions for such a monolithic section (loads, principles of reinforcement, etc.) are described in detail in the article Monolithic section between two prefabricated slabs.

Monolithic section between two precast slabs

Such a monolithic section acts as a slab supported by adjacent precast slabs. To do this, it is provided with working reinforcement curved by a trough, the diameter of which depends on the width of the section (the estimated length of the slab of this section) and the load on the floor. Longitudinal reinforcement is structural; it creates a reinforcing mesh, but does not carry loads. An anti-shrink mesh made of smooth small-diameter reinforcement is also laid along the top of the wide monolithic section.

The figure shows examples of reinforcement of two monolithic sections of housing (without any additional loads in the form of heated floors and brick partitions).

As you can see, sections come in different widths, but when setting the goal of creating a wide monolithic section resting on slabs, you should always check whether the floor slabs will support it. This is the most important point in the design of monolithic sections. The load-bearing capacity of floor slabs varies (from 400 to 800 kg/m2 - excluding the weight of the slab).

Let's say we have two prefabricated slabs 1.2 m wide, between which there is a monolithic section 0.98 m wide. The load-bearing capacity of the slabs is 400 kg/m2. i.e. one linear meter of such a slab can withstand 1.2*400 = 480 kg/m.

Let's calculate the load per 1 linear meter of the slab from a monolithic section with a thickness of 220 + 30 = 250 mm = 0.25 m. The weight of reinforced concrete is 2500 kg/m 3. The safety factor for the load is 1.1.

0.25*1.1*2500*0.98/2 = 337 kg/m.

We divided by two, because the monolithic section rests on two slabs, and each of them bears half the load.

In addition to the weight of the monolithic section, we have the load on the slabs from the floor structure (140 kg/m2), from the partitions (50 kg/m2) and the temporary load from the weight of people, furniture, etc. (150 kg/m2). Multiplying all this by the coefficients and the width of the precast slab, and adding the load from the monolithic section, we get the final load on each precast slab:

1.3*140*1.2/2 + 1.1*50*1.2/2 + 1.3*150*1.2/2 + 337 = 596 kg/m 480 kg/m.

We see that the load is greater than the slab can withstand. But if you take a slab with a load-bearing capacity of 600 kg/m2, then one linear meter of such a slab can withstand 1.2 * 600 = 720 kg/m - the reliability of the structure will be ensured.

Thus, you should always check the load-bearing capacity of the slabs depending on the dimensions of the monolithic section, the width of the slab and the loads acting on it.

Monolithic floor section with an oblique angle. Reinforcement frame for a slab with a bevel. Concrete work for a monolithic slab with a bevel. Curing and maintaining concrete.

Reinforcement works SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures, GOST 19292-73. Instructions for welding connections of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures CH 393-78. Guidelines for the production of reinforcement works. And other current regulatory documents.

Concrete works should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures.

Concrete mix composition. preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply GOST 7473-85 .

During construction work reinforced concrete monolithic structures should be guided by the requirements SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures and the relevant sections of the safety regulations given in SNiP III-4-80. working drawings and instructions for the work execution plan.

1. Monolithic floor section with an oblique angle (UM-1).

In houses. where construction is planned with corner wall transition at an angle not 90°, as usual, but, for example, 45° - floors are being carried out in monolithic version .

You can, of course, take an ordinary reinforced concrete slab and use a jackhammer to knock out the desired bevel of the slab, and cut off the reinforcement.

But this is fraught with the fact that if the reinforced concrete slab is made with a stressed reinforcement frame (and this is most often done in reinforced concrete factories - such a frame requires less reinforcement consumption), then in such a stripped-down form the slab will lose its load-bearing capacity. Or maybe right away burst during such circumcision.

NOTE: Prestressed reinforcement frame- this is a frame whose rods clamped in a special form. and then, heating, pulling to the required size.

Further it welded with transverse frames. poured concrete and dried in a steam chamber. Trimming rods from the fixed form was performed already when the slab was in finished form. Those. reinforcing bars in concrete taut like guitar strings. Well, if the string breaks, you know what happens.

Therefore, everything what doesn't fit into standard sizes industrial reinforced concrete products and structures, running in monolithic version at the construction site of the house. In our version monolithic slab is continuation of precast concrete slabs .

2. Reinforcement frame for a slab with a bevel (UM-1).

Manufacturing reinforcement frame and mesh should be carried out according to the drawings and have an exact location elements to be welded. Replacement provided for by the project reinforcing steel by class, brand and assortment is agreed upon with the design organization.

Technological manufacturing process reinforcement cage provides:

• straightening and cutting steel fittings, wires. supplied in coils with diameter 3…14 mm And in rods diameter 12…40 mm on rods of measured length
• editing(bending) and butt welding rods to the required size
• welding meshes and frames
• consolidation assembly(welding and wire knitting) volumetric reinforcement blocks
• transportation and installation frames at a construction site.

Reinforcement frame of a monolithic section UM-1 running according to the dimensions indicated in the diagram (see figure). And it consists of mesh S-2 And two reinforcement cages K-1. interconnected reinforcing rods from the same steel A-III .

Reinforcing mesh necessary spot weld. For frame and mesh used fittings according to the indicated table 1.

Table 1: Specification of reinforcement for the frame of a monolithic floor slab.

Creating a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands

• • Installation of supports and formwork
  • Formation of reinforcement grid
  • Concrete mixture and its pouring
  • Final Recommendations

Construction of a private house #8211 is a complex and labor-intensive task, within which it is necessary to perform various types of work. For example, it may be necessary to fill a monolithic section between floors due to the fact that it is not possible according to the design to form a ceiling entirely from slabs. This happens very often in cases of forming flights of stairs or when it is necessary to lay various communication elements between the slabs. It is quite possible to form a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands. Although this work is labor-intensive, it is quite doable if you adhere to all building codes and rules.

If you need to lay various communication elements between the slabs, you can form a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands.

In the process of forming a monolith section between floor slabs, it is important to correctly perform the following work:

• install supports and form the formwork
• form a reinforcement mesh
• prepare concrete mixture
• pour concrete correctly.

Correct execution of these types of work will allow you to create a strong and reliable section of the monolith between the floor slabs in the required location.

Required materials and tools

Considering that the work on constructing a concrete floor section consists of different stages, it is necessary to prepare a number of materials for each of them. The list of such materials may vary due to various factors, including the distance between the slabs that needs to be poured. The standard list looks like this:

A horizontal formwork support is placed on wooden beams.

• plywood or boards to create a direct surface for pouring mortar and side formwork, construction film
• wooden beams or metal channels to create a horizontal support on which plywood or a plank pallet will be laid
• timber (120-150 mm), wooden beams or channels to create load-bearing supports under the formwork platform
• reinforcing bars (15-25 mm), wire for tying, metal chairs for installing reinforcing bars at the required height (reinforced mesh can also be used)
• cement M400, sand, crushed stone, water for mixing concrete mortar
• concrete mixer
• circular saw for cutting beams, boards, plywood, as well as metal reinforcing rods
• a shovel, a bayonet tool, a trowel or a rule for leveling the surface of the floor area between the slabs, a protective film for covering this area.

The amount of all materials depends directly on the distance between the concrete slabs that needs to be covered and the overall area occupied by the monolithic section of the floor. Typically, in private houses such a section of flooring is not very large, so its formation is not too difficult a task. However, at the same time, you should still adhere to clear phasing and rules for working with building materials and designs.

Stages of work on forming a monolithic section between floor slabs

The monolithic section of the floor between the slabs is formed in approximately the same way as any monolithic floor. Given the small area of ​​such a site, the work is, of course, simplified, but it is necessary to adhere to all building codes and regulations. Therefore, no matter what distance between concrete slabs is poured, all stages of work must be carried out carefully, on which the reliability of the monolithic structure created independently will depend.

The steadily growing number of cars per resident of Russia, as well as the number of personal plots and cottages, makes their happy owners think about the need to build a parking lot for a car within their land plot. To ensure this, it is important to perform a sequence of actions that will be discussed below.

The construction of a concrete place for a car begins with preparing the base, which can be done with your own hands and consists of the following:

1. Choose a location close to the driveway to ensure water drainage and unobstructed maneuvers.

2. Indicate the dimensions; the area for the car should have standard dimensions:

• for passenger vehicles – 3x6 m;
• For trucks– 4x11 m.

If a site with large dimensions can be placed on the site, it is recommended to do so, this will ensure the possibility of parking a truck or two cars.

3. Remove the fertile layer of soil down to clay in a limited area.

4. Organize a pillow consisting of the following layers:

• sand, obtained by adding two or three times, moistening and compacting - the thickness must be at least 100 mm;
• gravel, made by backfilling and compaction, more than 50 mm thick.

At this point, the preparatory stage of construction is considered complete, and the place can already be used for parking a car.

Description of technology

Once the base of the parking lot is leveled and prepared, you can be sure that there will be no excessive consumption of concrete to compensate for holes, and the bumps will not tear the site under alternating temperature influences. Further operations for the construction of the site include a set of activities immediately preceding the pouring of concrete.

In order to limit the area for pouring, formwork is made from edged boards, the width of which is 20-30 cm. In order to avoid the walls of the mold for pouring from collapsing, it is necessary to fix them in a vertical position using metal pegs that are driven into the ground on both sides. The length of the pin should be 40-50 cm, driving in to the top edge of the board in increments of 50 cm when positioned on both sides. At the corners of the wall, the formwork must be fastened together to prevent the mortar from leaking.

Due to the fact that the width of the standard rule is 1-1.5 m, and the size of the space under the car is 3-4 m, it is necessary to provide intermediate guides, which can serve as U-shaped ceiling profiles for gypsum fiber boards. The alignment of the embedded parts is carried out in the transverse direction, and in the longitudinal direction it is necessary to provide a slope of 3-5C towards the passage for liquid to drain from the surface. In order to fix the profile, you will have to mix a small volume of concrete and use it as a lining to raise the guides to the desired height, which is 10-15 cm. After the supports of the embedded parts have dried, you can proceed to pouring the area under the car.

While the material of the original foundations under the guides becomes hard, there is time to reinforce the future concrete platform. To do this, you will have to buy or build your own wire mesh 5-8 mm thick with a cell of 100x100 mm. Considering that the middle layer of concrete is subject to reinforcement, it is necessary either to raise the network above the base level by 25-35 mm, or to perform a two-level reinforcing structure. Such a product consists of two layers of mesh connected to each other by jumpers 80 mm long, at a distance of 40-50 mm from each other (assuming a concrete thickness of 100 mm, if the layer is thicker, appropriate adjustments should be made). It is recommended to make all connections between rods when forming the skeleton using thin wire or PVC clamps.

As soon as the reinforcing mesh is connected, they are laid on the base and fastened together to form a single field. After completing all procedures, you can concrete the area for the car.

Pouring concrete

It is recommended to carry out concreting at a time, that is, during one daylight hours, since after 24 hours from the moment of pouring, the solution dries sufficiently to stop setting with new layers. The preparation of the pour can be done independently with available tools (a shovel and a galvanized bath) or using a concrete mixer, which can significantly facilitate the process of any construction.

Concreting is carried out above the level of the guides, starting from the end of the site farthest from the road towards the entrance to it. The mortar is laid out over the entire width and leveled using the rule according to the embedded parts until the entire volume between the walls of the formwork is filled. After completing the work, it is necessary to cover the area with a layer of plastic film for uniform drying and to protect it from rain and moisture.

After the final drying of the concrete mixture, which occurs within five to ten days, the parking lot for the car, equipped in accordance with all the rules, capable of serving for a long time and fruitfully, is ready. Now all that remains is to dismantle the temporary formwork and remove the pins used as supporting elements from the ground. In this case, the rods hammered inside the wooden enclosing structure and fixed in the concrete layer can be left for later use. To avoid reinforcing sections from bulging out of the ground as a result of interseasonal temperature fluctuations, it is necessary to cut them to the thickness of the concreted area, and remove the remaining parts in the ground.

To prevent the edges of the platform from breaking during use, they must be strengthened with the help of a metal corner, one of the shelves of which corresponds to the thickness of the layer of reinforced concrete minus 20 mm for welding, and the second may be equal or have a smaller value. The linings made from profiled steel are fastened by welding to each other and to the cast rods, allowing a rigid perimeter to be obtained.

Turnkey work

If the process of building a parking lot with your own hands is unattractive, you can order the laying of cement mortar and related work from an organization that carries out a similar type of activity.

The estimate for setting up a site for a car will include all of the above operations, the cost of which currently averages (RUB/cubic meter):

1. Pouring cement mortar and laying it (formwork production, reinforcement, concrete work):

• using a mixer – 640-800;
• manually – 800-1000.

2. Knitting of reinforcement cages – 2000-3500.

3. Construction of monolithic platforms for various purposes (entrance ramps, paths, blind areas), pouring thickness up to 20 cm - 2500-3000.

4. Arrangement of formwork, laying of reinforcement structure, dismantling of formwork, (rub/sq.m) – 800-1000.

5. Pouring concrete – 3000-3600.

6. Reinforcement with mesh in 1 layer, (rub/sq.m) – 130-150.

7. Crushed stone and sand preparation, (rub/sq.m) – 80-100.

8. Crushed stone and sand preparation – 550-700.

9. Sampling of the fertile soil layer – 600-1000.

An approximate calculation of the cost of concreting a site for a car with dimensions of 3000x6000 mm and a base thickness of 100 mm at the prices given above will allow us to obtain the total cost of turnkey work at the level of 14,000 - 16,000 rubles.

Increasing the size of the platform for parking a truck to 4000x12000 mm, accompanied by a thickening of the base plate to 150 mm, will cause an increase in construction costs to 32,000 - 35,000 rubles.

One of the most important stages in the construction of buildings, without which the construction process is practically impossible, is concrete work. It is concrete, used both in the foundation and walls or other parts of buildings, due to its extremely durable characteristics, that plays the role of the main support of the entire building.

This process takes a considerable amount of time and requires costs. large quantity resources, including the labor of workers. Don't take it seriously concrete works- this means jeopardizing the successful completion of the entire construction. For this reason, choosing a company that will carry out such work is a task no less important than the work itself. It's no secret that not every company that provides construction services, has professional specialists capable of working with concrete efficiently. This is the reason to seek help from the Russian Professional Construction Company, since we have extensive experience in such work, and the use of only high-quality materials and highly qualified professionals makes it possible to guarantee that the resulting building will be reliable and durable.

Confidence that installation of floors, foundations, concrete paths and the like do not require any special knowledge, do not have the slightest basis, since this requires taking into account the specifics of many factors that inevitably arise during construction. Therefore, even such a simple, at first glance, process as blind area device, should be done only by competent specialists.

The specialists who work in our company have extensive experience in carrying out work of this type. In addition, they have everything at their disposal necessary tools and modern technology, which is a guarantee of high quality concrete works, any level of complexity. We are able to guarantee the construction of truly permanent buildings, characterized by a high degree of reliability, not to mention excellent performance characteristics. In turn prices for concrete work listed on our website will allow you to make the most optimal choice when ordering the appropriate services.

You can view our latest projects.

Prices for concrete work

Name	Units of measurement	Price, rub.
Manual mixing of concrete	m3	1000
Installation of a monolithic ceiling for a cottage and other buildings (overlapping height - up to 3.0 m)	m3	2600-3900
Construction of a monolithic foundation for a cottage, fence, etc. (double formwork, concrete up to 0.4 m thick)	m3	3200-3500
Construction of a monolithic foundation for a cottage, fence, etc. (double formwork, concrete thickness from 0.4 to 0.7 m)	m3	3400-3600
Installation of a monolithic concrete foundation for columns, with installation of formwork up to 3 m	m3	3400-3600
Construction of monolithic foundation flat slabs with the manufacture of reinforcement frame and installation of formwork	m3	3300-4300
Construction of small monolithic reinforced concrete grillages and foundation pads with laying and viscous reinforcement, assembly and disassembly of formwork and manual preparation of concrete	m3	3800-4500
Construction of strip foundations and basement walls made of concrete blocks with the preparation of mortar and assembly and disassembly of formwork	m3	3800-4650
Device strip foundation: depth of placement from 0.5 m under the sand cushion (backfill)	m3	3900-4400
Construction of monolithic platforms for various purposes (entrance platforms, blind areas, paths) concrete thickness up to 0.2 m	m3	2500-3000
Construction of monolithic reinforced concrete stair steps and landings with the manufacture of reinforcement frames and installation and dismantling of formwork	m3	2500-9800
Construction of a monolithic staircase “in concrete” (without finishing)	m3	2800-3000
Construction of monolithic retaining walls	m3	1700-4300
Construction of a concrete balcony	m3	2100-2800
Construction of monolithic bowls for swimming pools and small plunge pools (wall thickness up to 0.2 m)	m3	2800-3400
Construction of monolithic bowls for swimming pools and small plunge pools (wall thickness from 0.2 to 0.4 m)	m3	2400-6500
Strengthening foundations and other building structures using concrete pouring method	m3	3000-3600
Concrete floors 200 mm sanded with trowels and sanders	m3	1200-1500
Concrete floors 200 mm with topping (with a reinforced top layer)	m3	1500-1800
Epoxy floors (including 200 mm concrete preparation)	m3	1800-2000
Polyurethane floors (including concrete preparation 200 mm)	m3	2000-25000
Installation of reinforced concrete jumpers	pcs	600-800
Construction of reinforced concrete partitions up to 3 m high, 200 mm thick with installation of formwork and reinforcement	m3	3000-3750
Installation of reinforced concrete floors 200mm thick with installation of formwork and reinforcement	m3	2800-4650
Construction of monolithic reinforced concrete glass-type foundations (for columns) with the manufacture of reinforcement frames and installation and dismantling of formwork	m3	3500-4890
Concrete preparation device 100mm thick without mesh reinforcement	m2	180-240
Reinforcement of concrete bases with mesh in 1 layer	m2	130-150
Construction of pile reinforced concrete foundations d = up to 300 mm with the installation of asbestos-cement pipes, with the production of a reinforcement frame	mp	2400-3000
Construction of monolithic reinforced concrete beams, crossbars, load-bearing columns with the production of reinforcement frames and installation and dismantling of formwork	m3	2500-6900
Construction of monolithic reinforced concrete walls of the basement and plinth with the manufacture of reinforcement frames and installation and dismantling of formwork	m3	3000-5600
Crushed stone and sand preparation	m2	80-100
Crushed stone and sand preparation	m3	550-700
Excavation work, soil development	m3	600-1000

Duration of foundation construction:

Depending on the complexity, it takes from several weeks to several months to build. It is better to start the foundation at the end of April, beginning of May, when the soil warms up. It must be completed before the first frost sets in. Further, experts recommend giving the foundation time to settle until next spring so that it can fully gain strength and go through all temperature conditions during seasonal weather changes. If there are no defects in the spring, then you can confidently continue building the house. If defects are found, then it is necessary to find out the cause of their occurrence. (Is this type of foundation suitable for this soil? Is the manufacturing technology broken? Etc.) Usually, as a result of identifying the cause of the defect, its repairability is determined. While there is no home on the foundation, there are many opportunities to renovate it. In the worst case, it is possible to dismantle this foundation and build a new one. And if the house is already standing, then this greatly reduces the choice of technical options for repairing the foundation and increases the cost of this work. And the option of building a new foundation, in this case, turns into building a new house and this is very expensive. Therefore, experts recommend taking your time and setting aside one year for the construction of the foundation.

Construction of concrete paths and platforms with exposed aggregate texture.

Placing coarse aggregate - gravel or small stones - in the surface layer of concrete provides a beautiful and practical finish. Spread the moistened aggregate evenly over the freshly laid mixture and tamp it firmly with a wooden block so that its grains are flush with the surface. Place a board across the formwork and level the surface with all your weight. When all the water has evaporated from the surface, use a watering can and brush to wash off a thin layer of concrete so that the grains begin to protrude slightly above the surface. Cover the concrete for 24 hours and then lightly wash the surface again to remove any remaining coating or sediment from the grains. Cover the concrete again and leave it to harden.