it is foreign currency; securities in foreign currency (checks, letters of credit, bills, etc.); stock values ​​(shares, bonds and other debt obligations) denominated in foreign currency; precious metals– gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products; precious natural stones - diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, alexandrites in raw and unprocessed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other products made from these stones and scrap of such products.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

CURRENCY VALUES

1) valuables, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency; 2) according to the legislation of the Russian Federation - foreign currency; securities in foreign currency - payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit, etc.). stock values ​​(stocks, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency; precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products: natural precious stones - diamonds, rubies , emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products (Law of the Russian Federation of October 9, 1992 No. 3615-1 “On currency regulation and exchange control"). In addition, regarding the implementation of a number of transactions with V.ts. actually equated to amber.

Excellent definition

Question 5: Composition and brief description of the financial and legal status of federal government bodies for which financial activity is the main one

Question 6: Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation: concept, tasks, main functions and powers

Question 7: Federal Treasury: tasks, functions, powers

Question 8: Federal services of financial and budgetary supervision: concept, tasks, functions, powers

Question 12: The concept of financial law. Features of the subject and method of legal regulation

Question 13: The place of financial law in the system of Russian law, its relationship with other branches of law

Question 14: System of financial law: concept, structure, brief description of its elements

Question 16: Financial and legal norms: concept, features, structure. Classification of financial and legal norms

Question 17: Financial legal relations: concepts, features, structure, basis for classification

Question 18: Subjects of financial law and financial legal relations: concept, groups, brief description of their financial and legal status

Question 20: Types, forms and methods of financial control

3. Survey of individual aspects of financial activity.

Question 21: Powers of the Federal Assembly, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service for Financial and Budgetary Supervision in the field of financial control

Question 22: Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation: concept, tasks, main functions, powers

Question 23: Audit: concept, place in the financial control system, tasks, legal regulation

1)By territory:

Question 25: Budget system of the Russian Federation: concept, composition, structure, principles of construction

Question 27: Budget legal relations: concept, features, classification. Subjects of budget legal relations: concept, groups, brief description

1) By nature:

Question 28: Budgetary rights of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities

Question 29: Distribution of income between levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation: necessity, concept, legal basis, methods

Question 30: Interbudgetary transfers: concept, forms, conditions of provision

Question 31: The concept of the budget process, its stages and principles. Brief description of the latter

Question 33: Expenditure obligations: the concept and procedure for delimiting between the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Question 34: Budget classification: concept, composition, brief description. Role in organizing (streamlining) the budget system

Question 35: Procedure for drawing up the federal budget

Question 36: Fundamentals of the procedure for executing budgets at all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation

Question 37: Procedure for consideration and approval of the federal budget

Question 38: The procedure for drawing up, reviewing and approving a report on the execution of the federal budget

Question 39: The concept of extra-budgetary funds as a link in the financial system of the Russian Federation. Budgetary and legal status of state extra-budgetary funds for the Russian Banking Accounts

Question 40: Financial activities of enterprises and organizations: concept, main directions, legal framework

Question 41: The concept of tax, fee. Their functions. Principles of setting and charging

Question 42: System of taxes and fees: concept, basis for their classification

Question 43: The concept of tax law. His system

Question 45: Legislation on taxes and fees: concept, composition

Question 46: Subjects of tax law: concept, groups, brief description

Question 47: Tax legal relations: concept, features, classification. Subjects of tax legal relations, their groups, brief description

Question 48: Forms of guilt in tax legal relations. Circumstances excluding a person’s guilt in committing a tax offense

Question 54: The concept of state and municipal credit. State and municipal debt: concept, forms

Question 56: Budgetary financing: concept, principles, principles of order. The concept of estimates, budget schedule, their structure. The procedure for their preparation and approval

1) By construction method:

Question 57: Banking system of the Russian Federation: concept, composition, structure. Banks and non-bank credit organizations. Features of the current state of the banking system. Ways to improve it

Question 58: Tasks and powers of the Bank of Russia to regulate the activities of credit institutions

Question 59: The concept of the monetary system of the Russian Federation. Legal foundations and principles of organizing money circulation

Question 60: Rules for cash circulation in the country. Monetary unit, its carriers, monetary issue

Question 61: Organization of non-cash circulation in the country. Types of accounts, forms of payment. The role of the Bank of Russia in organizing non-cash turnover

Question 62: The concept of currency, currency values, currency transactions in the currency legislation of the Russian Federation

1) Depending on the entities implementing them:

3) Depending on the freedom to carry out currency transactions:

Question 63: Principles and objectives of currency regulation and currency control

Question 64: Legal basis of currency regulation and currency control

Question 65: Currency regulatory authorities, their powers

Question 66: The concept of resident and non-resident in currency legislation, their legal status

Question 67: The concept of exchange control. Legal status of currency control authorities and agents

Question 62: The concept of currency, currency values, currency transactions in the currency legislation of the Russian Federation

The legal basis and principles of currency regulation and currency control in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 10. 2003 No. 173-FZ “On Currency Regulation and Currency Control”.

Russian currency:

1) banknotes in the form of banknotes and coins Central Bank of the Russian Federation, in circulation as a legal means of cash payment on the territory of Russia, as well as these banknotes withdrawn or withdrawn from circulation, but subject to exchange;

2) funds in bank accounts and bank deposits.

Foreign currency:

1) banknotes in the form of banknotes, treasury notes, coins that are in circulation and are a legal means of cash payment in the territory of the relevant foreign state (group of foreign states), as well as these banknotes that are withdrawn or withdrawn from circulation but subject to exchange;

2) funds in bank accounts and bank deposits in monetary units of foreign states and international monetary or settlement units.

Types of currency:

1) cash;

2) non-cash.

Species foreign currency:

1) freely convertible - currencies of those countries in which their free exchange for the currencies of other states is allowed;

2) partially convertible - currencies in relation to the exchange of which certain restrictions are established;

3) non-convertible - currencies prohibited for exchange, used only within a certain country;

4) international - artificial currencies used in international relations (for example, the euro).

Currency values- foreign currency and external securities, which are securities, including in non-documentary form, not related to internal securities.

Domestic securities:

1 Issue-grade securities, the nominal value of which is indicated in the currency of the Russian Federation and the issue of which is registered in the Russian Federation;

2) other securities certifying the right to receive Russian currency, issued on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Currency values- values ​​in respect of which the currency legislation establishes a special limited circulation regime on the territory of the country.

Currency values ​​include:

1) foreign currency;

2) securities denominated in foreign currency - payment documents (checks, bills and other payment documents), issue-grade securities (including shares, bonds), securities derived from issue-grade securities (including depository receipts), options giving the right for the purchase of securities and debt obligations denominated in foreign currency;

3) precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products;

4) natural precious stones - diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products.

The Government of the Russian Federation establishes the procedure and conditions for classifying products made of precious metals and natural precious metals as currency values.

Currency transactions:

1) acquisition by a resident from a resident and alienation by a resident in favor of a resident of currency values ​​on a legal basis, as well as the use of currency values ​​as a means of payment;

2) acquisition by a resident from a non-resident or by a non-resident from a resident and alienation by a resident in favor of a non-resident or by a non-resident in favor of a resident of currency values, the currency of the Russian Federation and domestic securities on a legal basis, as well as the use of currency values, currency of the Russian Federation and domestic securities as a means of payment ;

3) the acquisition by a non-resident from a non-resident and the alienation by a non-resident in favor of a non-resident of currency values, the currency of the Russian Federation and domestic securities on a legal basis, as well as the use of currency values, the currency of the Russian Federation and domestic securities as a means of payment;

4) import into the customs territory of the Russian Federation and export from the customs territory of the Russian Federation of currency values, currency of the Russian Federation and domestic securities;

5) transfer of foreign currency, currency of the Russian Federation, domestic and foreign securities from an account opened outside the territory of the Russian Federation to the account of the same person opened in the territory of the Russian Federation, and from an account opened in the territory of the Russian Federation to the account of the same person opened outside the territory of the Russian Federation;

6) transfer by a non-resident of the currency of the Russian Federation, domestic and foreign securities from an account (from a section of an account) opened in the territory of the Russian Federation to an account (section of an account) of the same person opened in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Classification of foreign exchange transactions:

"

it is foreign currency; securities in foreign currency (checks, letters of credit, bills, etc.); stock values ​​(shares, bonds and other debt obligations) denominated in foreign currency; precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products; precious natural stones - diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, alexandrites in raw and unprocessed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other products made from these stones and scrap of such products.

Source: State and Law. Brief dictionary terms and explanations on jurisprudence

Currency values

a) foreign currency;

b) securities in foreign currency - payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit and others), stock values ​​(shares, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency;

c) precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products;

d) natural precious stones - diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products.

Law Russian Federation dated 09.10.92 N 3615-I, art. 1

Source: Dictionary of Legal Concepts

CURRENCY VALUES

foreign currency, securities, payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit, etc.); stock values ​​(stocks, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency; precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, osmium, iridium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these metals and scrap of such products; natural precious stones in raw and processed form (diamonds, polished diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, alexandrites, etc. pearls), with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products. The procedure and conditions for classifying products made of precious metals and natural precious stones as jewelry and other household products and scrap of such products are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Source: Economics and Law: Dictionary-Reference Book

CURRENCY VALUES

1) valuables, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency; 2) according to the legislation of the Russian Federation - foreign currency; securities in foreign currency - payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit, etc.). stock values ​​(stocks, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency; precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products: natural precious stones - diamonds, rubies , emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products (Law of the Russian Federation of October 9, 1992 No. 3615-1 “On currency regulation and currency control "). In addition, regarding the implementation of a number of transactions with V.ts. actually equated to amber.

Source: Encyclopedia of Lawyer

CURRENCY VALUES

according to the legislation of the Russian Federation: a) foreign currency; b) securities in foreign currency: payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit, etc.), stock values ​​(stocks, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency; c) precious metals: gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) - in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products; d) natural precious stones: diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry made from these stones and scrap of such products (Clause 4 of Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Currency Regulation and currency control" dated October 9, 1992). The procedure and conditions for classifying products made of precious metals and natural precious stones as jewelry and other household products and scrap of such products are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Currency values

Source: Big Legal Dictionary

CURRENCY VALUES

types of property recognized as Vts., and the procedure for making transactions with them (see Currency transactions) are determined in accordance with Art. 141 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Law of the Russian Federation “On Currency Regulation and Currency Control” to V.ts. includes: foreign currency; securities in foreign currency - payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit, etc.), stock values ​​(stocks, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency; precious metals - gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products; natural precious stones - diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products. V.ts. may be owned by both residents of the Russian Federation and non-residents. Ownership of V.ts. is protected in the Russian Federation on a general basis. Types of obligatory payments to the state (taxes, fees, duties and other gratuitous payments) in foreign currency are determined by the laws of the Russian Federation. N.I. Solovyanenko

Source: Legal Encyclopedia

CURRENCY (from Italian.

Question 6. Currency values

valuta and from Lat. valeo - stand) - the underlying monetary unit monetary system of a particular state (for example, the ruble in the Russian Federation, the dollar in the USA, etc.); 2) international units of account: SDR (the so-called Special Drawing Rights), ECU, EURO; 3) type of monetary system of the state: gold, paper currency; 4) banknotes foreign countries: banknotes, treasury notes, coins; 5) credit and payment documents (bills of exchange, checks) used in international payments.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the currency of the Russian Federation includes: a) those in circulation, as well as those withdrawn or withdrawn from circulation, but subject to exchange, rubles in the form of bank notes (banknotes) of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and coins; b) funds in rubles in accounts with banks and other credit institutions outside Russia on the basis of an agreement concluded by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation with the relevant authorities of a foreign state on use in the territory of this state currency of the Russian Federation as legal tender.

Currencies are divided into: 1) freely convertible (they are also called convertible), which can be exchanged without restrictions for any other foreign currency and are freely transferable to any other country in the world (in particular, the US dollar, German mark, British pound sterling, Japanese yen, French and Swiss francs); 2) partially convertible currencies, i.e. which are not convertible for all foreign exchange transactions, like convertible currencies, and not for all categories of owners. These include the currencies of countries such as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Finland, Sweden, etc., i.e., most Western European countries that abolished currency restrictions for non-residents back in December 1953; 3) irreversible (or closed), which include the currencies of those countries where there are still full currency restrictions on all currency transactions for both residents and non-residents. These include currencies developing countries, currencies of post-communist states, ranging from all former CMEA member countries to Soviet republics that were formerly part of the USSR, including the Russian Federation.

CURRENCY VALUES

Currency values ​​include: foreign currency; securities in foreign currency - payment documents (checks, bills, letters of credit, etc.), stock values ​​(stocks, bonds) and other debt obligations denominated in foreign currency; precious metals – gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (palladium, iridium, radium, ruthenium, osmium) in any form and condition, with the exception of jewelry and other household products, as well as scrap of such products; natural precious stones - diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires and alexandrites in raw and processed form, as well as pearls, with the exception of jewelry and other household products made from these stones and scrap of such products.

Cash foreign currency is banknotes in the form of banknotes, treasury notes, coins that are in circulation and are legal tender in the corresponding foreign state or group of states.

Authorized banks – banks and other credit institutions who have received licenses from the Central Bank of Russia to conduct foreign exchange transactions.

Currency transactions are transactions related to the transfer of ownership and other rights to currency values, including transactions related to the use of foreign currency and payment documents in foreign currency as means of payment, as well as settlements between residents and non-residents in the currency of the Russian Federation, import into the Russian Federation and export from the Russian Federation of currency values; implementation of international money transfers.

Operations with foreign currency and securities in foreign currency are divided into: current foreign exchange transactions and operations related to the movement of capital.

Current foreign exchange transactions include:

– obtaining and providing financial loans for a period of no more than 180 days;

– transfers to and from the Russian Federation of foreign currency for making payments without deferred payment for exports and imports, as well as for making payments related to lending for export-import transactions for a period of no more than 90 days;

– transfers to and from the Russian Federation of interest, dividends and other income on deposits, investments, loans and other operations related to the movement of capital;

– non-trade transfers to and from the Russian Federation, including transfers of amounts wages, pensions, alimony, inheritance.

Current foreign exchange transactions can be carried out by residents without restrictions.

Foreign exchange transactions related to capital movements include:

– investments in authorized capital(direct investment);

– purchase of securities ( portfolio investments);

– transfers to pay for property rights to real estate;

– provision and receipt of financial loans for a period of more than 180 days;

– provision and receipt of deferred payment for a period of more than 90 days for exports and imports;

– all other currency transactions that are not current currency transactions.

For each type of foreign exchange transactions involving capital movements, Central Bank A special order is being established for Russia.

Transactions on foreign currency accounts

On the territory of the Russian Federation, foreign currency accounts can be opened for both residents and non-residents of the Russian Federation in any bank authorized by the Central Bank of Russia to conduct transactions with foreign currency. Organizations have the right, without restrictions on the number and types of foreign currencies, to open foreign currency accounts in authorized banks on the territory of the Russian Federation.

To summarize information about availability and movement cash in foreign currencies in bank accounts, balance sheet account 52 “Currency account” is designated.

The debit of account 52 reflects the receipt of funds, and the credit of this account reflects the write-off of funds from the organization’s foreign currency accounts.

Pages: 12345 6 7

The current currency legislation proceeds from the fact that currency values ​​include:

– foreign currency;

– “external securities”, i.e., simply put, foreign securities.

This approach is determined not so much by adherence to theoretical ideas about currency in the broad sense of the word as the basis of international payments, but by a pragmatic task. The provisions of the Law on Currency Regulation should cover settlements and payments in foreign currency, as well as transactions with foreign securities (capital flow transactions). At the same time, the Law should not apply to the use of rubles as a regular means of payment within the country, and also should not create restrictions on the operation of that sector of the Russian stock market, where ruble securities of Russian issuers are traded.

Therefore, the Law includes only currency values ​​that are certainly such.

Question 62: The concept of currency, currency values, currency transactions in the currency legislation of the Russian Federation

National currency and “domestic securities” are not included in the composition of currency values, although from a theoretical point of view they are currency in the broad sense of the word, currency values, provided that they are involved in transactions with a foreign element.

It should be noted that, strictly speaking, the distinction established by the Law between “domestic” and “external” securities does not boil down to differences in the country of the issuer. Let us reproduce the normative definition in full:

“...domestic securities:

a) issue-grade securities, the nominal value of which is indicated in the currency of the Russian Federation and the issue of which is registered in the Russian Federation;

b) other securities certifying the right to receive the currency of the Russian Federation, issued on the territory of the Russian Federation”;

“...external securities are securities, including in book-entry form, that are not classified as domestic securities in accordance with this Federal Law” (clauses 3 and 4, part 1, article 1 of the Law on Currency Regulation).

From the cited definitions it is clear that the issue on the territory of the Russian Federation and certification of the right to receive the currency of the Russian Federation - rubles - will be of decisive importance for the distinction between “domestic” and “external” securities from a formal legal point of view. This is how the well-known incident arose with the dual nature of bills under this Law: depending on the territory of which country the bill will be presented for payment, execution will be carried out in the currency in circulation at the place of payment. Therefore, a bill of exchange drawn up on the territory of the Russian Federation and even denominated in rubles may ultimately turn out to be both a foreign and domestic security.

In practice this does not currently entail any negative consequences due to the consistent abolition by the legislator of specific currency restrictions related to capital flow operations – the purchase and sale of “external securities”.

Probably, the loss of the practical significance of foreign exchange regulation accompanying the movement of capital has led to the fact that those widely used in modern times are not included in currency values. financial market derivatives financial instruments <1>, under certain circumstances, being the basis for the payment or receipt of amounts in foreign currency.

——————————–

<1>See: ch.

28 Art. 2 of the Federal Law of April 22, 1996 N 39-FZ “On the Securities Market” (see amendments).

Currency values ​​are , on the one hand, is a term that is understandable to everyone and does not require any special explanation. On the other hand, in relation to currency values ​​are only foreign money or not, can only explain large number citizens. We will take a look at the questions that open up the interesting area of ​​currency regulation in this article.

Determination of currency values

The term "currency" originates from an Italian word, which in a broad sense denotes any commodity adapted for exchange for domestic market state or international trading platforms. In a narrow sense, the name “currency” is used as an analogue of the word “money” or, rather, a monetary unit as a thing (banknote or coin) or as a measure of value, a means of payment.

There are 2 defining criteria applied to the currency:

• authenticity;
• solvency.

At the same time, based on various criteria, we can distinguish the following types of currencies:

1. In relation to the state:

• national;
• foreign.

According to metabolic capacity:

• freely negotiable;
• non-convertible.

By physical attire:

• cash;
• cashless.

By global use:

• reserve;
• dominant.

By provision:

• backed by precious metals;
• unsecured.

Thus, currency values ​​are a list of property assets established by the state, in relation to which a special method of currency regulation and currency control is determined.

Currency legislation

If we go from large to small, then first of all in the series of regulations on currency values ​​we should mention the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. However, this document contains only one norm on the topic (Article 141) and it is a reference one, since it determines that the types of property related to currency values ​​and the procedure for its circulation are specified by the legislation on currency regulation.

Don't know your rights?

The main law designed to streamline foreign exchange transactions is the Law “On Currency Regulation and Currency Control” dated December 10, 2003 No. 173-FZ. The law consists of 28 articles and defines, in particular, the principles of currency regulation and control, regulatory bodies, the procedure for the import and export of currency valuables from Russia, and the features of control over currency transactions.

In addition to the above, Article 250 is also relevant to the circulation of currency. Tax Code concerning non-operating income, clause 5 of Art. 4 of the Law “On Customs Regulation in Russia” dated November 27, 2010 No. 311-FZ, regarding the movement of currency values ​​across the border - Art. 101 Decision of the Council of Heads of the CIS “On the fundamentals of customs legislation of the CIS member states” dated 02/10/1995.

Currency values ​​include

Previously, legislation defined a fairly wide list of property classified as currency values. This:

• banknotes of foreign countries;
• overseas shares;
• precious metals in the form of products and scrap;
• natural gems.

Currently, from the above list, only foreign money and foreign securities are classified as types of currency values.

Both previously and now, national currency values ​​do not include national monetary units and Russian securities. This is due to a practical problem, according to which only transactions with foreign funds and shares should be subject to the legislation on currency regulation.

Regulation in the field of foreign exchange turnover, foreign exchange transactions

All legislation on currency circulation is based on the following principles:

1. Prevalence economic events in the implementation of state policy in the field of currency regulation.
2. Removal of the state and government agencies from intervention in the transactions of individuals with currency.
3. Unification of Russian national and international policies regarding currency regulation and turnover.
4. Interrelation and interaction of currency regulation and currency control systems.
5. Providing individuals with state protection of rights and economic interest in currency transactions.

The main bodies exercising currency regulation and control are the Central Bank of Russia and the Government. These formations publish, within the framework of their powers, regulations that are binding on citizens and organizations of Russia and foreign persons. The Central Bank sets general forms accounting and reporting on currency turnover, procedures and time frames for providing documentation.

In accordance with Art. 9 of Law 3 173-FZ, currency transactions between citizens and organizations of Russia are primarily prohibited, with the exception of:

• non-cash transfer of foreign funds between citizens;
• actions for the circulation of currency with the participation of consular and diplomatic institutions and persons;
• transactions with foreign securities;
• business trips and trips abroad;
• activities related to the movement of foreign currency for the execution of budgetary duties of the Russian Federation;
• other.

It is important to know that at a time in 1 day through 1 bank, a citizen can transfer to the account of another citizen who is not his relative or spouse, to a bank in a foreign country, an amount of no more than $5,000 at the exchange rate on the day the funds were written off.

As part of the activities of any enterprise, it forms certain assets. They are usually called values. In connection with the development of international relations, there is a need to carry out transactions in foreign currencies. This is how another direction is formed - currency values.

Concept and composition: what applies to them and what does not

Currency values ​​(hereinafter referred to as VTs) represent list of certain assets, expressed in currency. The concept was introduced in the USSR in order to regulate operations. In relation to CC it is currently established several basic control and regulation methods. As it develops economic situation The definition of this concept has changed throughout the country and the world.

Currency values ​​included the following elements:

• foreign currency;
• securities;
• precious metals (silver, gold, platinum);
• natural precious stones (rubies, sapphires, diamonds, emeralds).

Subsequently economic activity the foreign market has undergone even more liberalization. In 2003, a new law was adopted that changed the interpretation of this concept. According to latest edition, currency values ​​began to include foreign currency and foreign securities.

Regulatory regulation

Material assets

To regulate the process of circulation of objects, a more detailed classification is used, which allows them to be separated into an independent group. That is, these are currency values ​​that are expressed in in real form.

These include banknotes and documentary forms of securities. Such objects are abbreviated as IEC.

The concept of a Central Bank is discussed in more detail within the framework of Art. 142 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. According to general provisions articles related to this group are stocks, bonds, bills, shares investment type, checks and more. In order to ensure currency control, this group includes internal and external central banks. The second group includes documents that are not included in the internal category.

Particular emphasis is placed on the fact that the group includes uncertificated securities, expressed in the form of an account entry that does not have a classical paper form. According to current legislation, the class of domestic securities includes emission elements that are placed in local currency and their issue is registered in the country. This also includes other valuables that are located on the territory of the country and give the right to receive Russian currency.

Transactions carried out with internal documents are regulated by the law on currency regulation and control, i.e. non-residents can take part in such transactions.

Operations carried out deserve special attention between residents. They do not fall under the general norms and rules of exchange control. If we talk about the CC in more detail, it is worth noting a few rules established by law:

• the import of valuables of a currency nature and their export to and from the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out strictly in accordance with the law;
• transferring money from account to account can only be carried out in accordance with the law; you can also act without opening appropriate accounts;
• special regulations are followed when carrying out transactions of purchase and sale of foreign currencies and checks that are denominated in them.

At the same time, during operations there may be certain restrictions and prohibitions. Currently between individuals acting as residents, such transactions are carried out without any problems.

In the Russian Federation, the concept of currency values ​​implies special norm, which appears in several legal acts at the same time. Here are the main legal provisions:

• Art. 141 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: here CC are described as property; more detailed information on transactions can be found within normative legal acts O state regulation similar transactions;
• Federal Law No. 173 of December 10, 2003 implies a description of the norms of currency control and regulation.

Thus, in accordance with the current legislation on currency control and regulation, the group of currency values ​​includes external securities and foreign currency units.

It is also worth noting that the entire first paragraph of the relevant article contains only a list of objects that are accepted as international means of payment and are regulated by state level. Therefore, we can talk about the fact that the concept acts as a broader category than currency and the Central Bank.

Relationship with accounting and tax accounting

For the purpose of settlement actions for income tax and accounting the term VC has special importance. The fact is that they are used to recalculate the cost indicator associated with changes in the foreign currency exchange rate, during which positive or negative exchange rate differences are formed.

In accounting, these differences are subject to accounting measures for account 91, meaning other income and expenses. Regarding tax accounting, then here operations are carried out within the framework of non-operating income (if positive) and non-operating expenses (if negative).

Regulation in the field of foreign exchange turnover

As already mentioned, on the territory of the Russian Federation, control and regulatory activities are carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 173. It contains detailed information about the basic legal principles of surveillance, the rights and obligations of residents and non-residents of the country in relation to the possession and disposal of CC.

Standards that contribute to an unambiguous determination of the order of actions are considered to be predominant. From the point of view of law, the right of individuals and legal entities to open accounts in foreign banking institutions.

Thus, currency values ​​include a large number of groups and categories. Each of them is the result of legislative norms and acts that are mandatory for compliance and execution. A competent approach to regulation and control is ensured by current legislation.