Internet resources for economic analysis. The Internet in practical activity of the economist. The history of the emergence and development of computers in the XX century
In the 60s of the XX century. US defense scientists completed a project to create a specific standard for an independent computer network that could continue to function even in the event of a massive nuclear strike. This network brought together the computer centers of the US Department of Defense and several academic organizations. This was the start of the Interntting Project, or the Internet.
The modern worldwide network unites about 110 million computers. Computers in such a network are interconnected by telephone lines, fiber optic cables, satellite communications.
Distinguish local networks, for example within the same building, and global networks, an example of which is the Internet. Currently, the Internet is developing so rapidly that it has become a familiar and everyday means of accumulating, transmitting and using information for hundreds of millions of people.
One of the main advantages of the Internet is its absolute decentralization. Neither the government nor large corporations control the operation of the worldwide Internet. Access to the Internet is free for every citizen of the Earth and does not require any official permission.
The Internet can be imagined as a mosaic composed of small networks of different sizes that actively interact with each other, sending information messages to each other. The Internet is a self-governing and self-developing entity that does not have a single governing center and a common financial policy.
Each firm that is part of the Internet independently provides a solution to its technological, organizational and financial problems. The general budget of the Internet is formed at the expense of the payment of end or individual users - both organizations and individuals using the information resources of the Internet.
On the Internet, each individual user and his host computer (server or host) has its own unique email address. Knowing this address, you can contact him from anywhere in the world and get the necessary information or, conversely, send your data to any email address without any restrictions at any time of the day and to any continent.
A letter by e-mail (e-mail) differs from the usual one in that it reaches the addressee very quickly, regardless of whether the addressee is in the neighborhood or in Australia. You can check your email inbox from anywhere you have a computer and Internet access. In the USA, for example, you can get email, while even in an airliner. In order for the user to organize his own mailbox on the Internet, it is enough to fill out a special form and enter his address, which consists of two parts: a username and a computer name. There are many mail services on the Internet that offer their services for free.
Economically, electronic information communication of subscribers is cheaper than traditional means of telephone communication. This technology, in addition to many other advantages, ensures the high stability of the global network.
Administrative and Management Portal - the basis of AUP.Ru is a free electronic library on economics, finance, management and marketing in the enterprise. Publications and teaching aids, forums and useful links on economics, finance, management, marketing.
Socio-humanitarian and political science education: a system of federal educational portals.
Economics online - goal this project is to create a collection of links to WWW resources that provide economic and financial information free of charge online. On the site you will find a catalog of links to the best economic resources, news, information on economic theory, finance, statistics, archives scientific works economics, etc.
Economicus.Ru - a project of the Institute " School of Economics". Economicus.Ru is an economic portal, the main purpose of which is to provide high-quality information on the widest range of economic disciplines. Works and biographies of famous economists, a professional catalog of economic resources on the Internet, an economic conference, educational and methodological materials for teaching and studying economics, a selection of dictionaries , encyclopedias, reference books on the most diverse areas of economics, the most complete collection of lectures on economic theory.The site is aimed at specialists and those who are just starting to study economics, and, therefore, it will be useful not only for students, but also for teachers of economic universities, graduate students and scientists.
Informika is a state scientific enterprise created to ensure the comprehensive development and promotion of new information technologies in the fields of education and science in Russia.
All about marketing - articles, books. One of the most informative resources on the subject.
Economic server of Siberia. The Virtual Economic Library is being created within the framework of the concept of continuous economic education. The purpose of the creation of VEB is to provide access to methodological developments and scientific publications for a wide range of teachers, graduate students.
Corporate Management is an independent project aimed at collecting and providing methodological and analytical information related to company management, investment, finance and marketing. Among the materials of the site: analytical articles, books and lecture courses, business plans of real enterprises, manuals, links to other sources of information on the Internet. The site is aimed at specialists in the field of real investments, employees of consulting firms, economic and planning departments of enterprises, managers, teachers of economic universities. Access to all information is free.
The Scientific Network is an information system aimed at facilitating access to scientific, popular science and educational information. Sources of information are Russian-language scientific and educational resources of the Internet, publishing houses that produce scientific and popular science literature, large scientific and educational institutions, educational and scientific foundations. Information is available both in the form of a news feed and through a special search engine by keywords, authors, and titles of materials. The "Scientific Network" project is the fruit of the joint efforts of the RPA "World of Science and Culture" and Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov.
IE: Economics. Institutional economy". The resource provides a selection of domestic and translated educational and methodological materials on economic theory.
Russian education. federal portal.
The largest Russian-language collection of books and articles of a libertarian orientation on the Web. Books and articles by Mises, Hayek, Naishul and others are presented.
The Socionet system is a geographically distributed database of scientific publications in the social sciences, which is unique in size, composition and mechanisms of formation and updating. All resources and services of the Socionet system are free for users.
Portal "Financial Sciences"
Personal website of Professor, Head of the Microeconomics Department of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation N.N. Dumnaya. (Subject: economic theory, new economics)
Personal website of Professor of the Financial University A.Yu.Yudanov (topic: Microeconomics, competition, pharmaceutical market)
Finance.ru - here you will find economic news and be able to track trends in the economy, read current publications on economics and finance. Students, graduate students and researchers may find it useful to use the methodological manuals, lectures, carefully selected abstracts, abstracts, translations, texts of diplomas and dissertations posted on the site.
Economics, Sociology, Management - federal educational portal. This is a non-commercial project. All resources are in the public domain. The purpose of the portal is to develop new standards of organization and information support educational process at all levels of education.
"Exocenter" - Center for Economic Sociology
Economic theory On-Line, books, articles, forum, etc.
Conclusion 10
Literature 11
Introduction
The Internet economy is an independent, new economy leading to a revision of the basic economic postulates. Technology is shaping a new Internet economy that is based on knowledge, not on the expanding consumption of non-reproducible resources.
The infrastructure of the modern information society, to which Russia aspires, is unthinkable today without the World Wide Web.
Using and developing the Internet, Russia and other CIS countries can accelerate the creation of an advanced information infrastructure of a modern market economy, which will make it possible to provide reliable information about the real economic situation in the country, region, industry and individual enterprise.
Chapter 1. INFORMATION SOCIETY AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM
The Genesis of the Information Society Model
The problems of the formation of the information society in the conditions of accelerating scientific and technological development are widely discussed by modern economists.
An American researcher F. Machlup made a great contribution to the study of the problems of the formation of the information society in the conditions of accelerating scientific and technological development. He revealed the role of the knowledge industry in the formation of human capital and the acceleration of the socio-economic development of society. F. Machlup showed that "in the 60s - 70s, the production and dissemination of information became the leading branch of the national economy of developed countries, which determined the prospects for economic development" 1 .
In the late 1980s, an analysis of socio-economic shifts in the United States and other countries allowed D. Bell to give a more detailed description of the emerging post-industrial society as a service society. An analysis of the special role of communication systems in a post-industrial society led to the conclusion that modern markets- these are "communication networks that ensure the rapid growth in the number of active market entities (at the expense of small businesses), as well as the speed and frequency of business contacts" 2 .
The information society does not abolish material production, although the majority of citizens begin to participate in the process of creating, collecting, storing, processing and disseminating information, and not in direct production.
Table 1. Brief description of technological modes
|
way of life |
Period development |
Dominant infrastructure |
Leading Industries National economy |
|
late 18th - early 19th centuries |
roads, irrigation canals |
agriculture, textile industry |
|
|
second half of the 19th century |
railways, shipping lines |
light industry, metallurgy, chemistry, shipbuilding, general engineering |
|
|
late 19th - mid 20th centuries |
power systems, post office, telegraph, radio communication, telephone, railways |
chemistry, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, fuel and energy complex. |
|
|
30-80 years of XX century. |
expressways, power systems |
power industry, production of synthetic materials |
|
|
80-90 years of XX century. |
means of telecommunications, computer networks, satellite communications |
microelectronics, informatics, biotechnology, aerospace industry |
|
|
beginning of the 21st century |
internet, global energy systems, ecological systems, airlines |
computer science, genetic engineering, education, healthcare, electronics, commerce |
Internet economy and its components
The core of the information economy is information production, and one of the most important ways of disseminating information is the Internet - the "circulatory system" of data transmission.
The information economy, as an industrial core, is a complex of basic industries. In an industrial economy, these include:
metallurgy;
fuel and energy complex,
mechanical engineering;
and in the information industry - the Internet economy.
Information Technology- these are computerized methods of generating, storing, transmitting and using information in the form of scientific knowledge and methods of their application.
Information environment- an area (side) of the information sphere of society as a whole or its subsystems (economy, region, type of human activity, etc.), directly related to information technology and forming a certain integrity, a means of communication between people.
So, the Internet economy - the economy of the information society - is a wide range of industries that produce goods and services using information technology, the achievements of modern informatics and computerization. First of all, we are talking about the electronics industry (Fig. 1).
Chapter 2. INERNET - A SYSTEMIC CORE INFORMATION SOCIETY
2.1. Internet as an information infrastructure societies
Internet in a broad sense, it can be defined as a global (covering the whole world) and not under the control of individual corporations or states, an information system that allows you to distribute text, video, audio, graphic and digital information to an unlimited number of terminals in real time.
Technically, the existence of the Internet has been possible since 1993, when the first browser was created.
The Internet is becoming the basis of the infrastructure of a post-industrial society and marks a new stage in the transition of society from the "realm of necessity" to the "realm of freedom" based on the use of artificial intelligence in social management, forecasting, development and implementation of comprehensive programs at the interstate, national, regional and local levels.
2.2. The history of the emergence and development of computers in the XX century.
Table 2. The number of expected failures of PC components and parts in the 90s
Conclusion
The reality of human life has become the entry into a new phase of development, which was predicted several decades ago and was called the "information society". In this society, the formation of the Internet economy is taking place.
The Internet economy is based on knowledge, and not on the expanding consumption of irreplaceable natural resources. The main capital of an enterprise in the conditions of the Internet economy lies in intellectual property, know-how, and not in tangible assets and traditional resources.
Literature
Bell D. The Third Technological Revolution and Its Possible Socioeconomic Consequences. M., 1990
Govorun M. Internet - a zone of freedom / / Internet World. 2000. No. 5.
Machlup F. Production and dissemination of knowledge in the USA / Per. from English. M., 1983
Sergeev A. Internet: what are the limits of growth? // Mir Internet. 2000. No. 9.
1 Machlup F. Production and dissemination of knowledge in the USA / Per. from English. M., 1983
2 Bell D. The third technological revolution and its possible socio-economic consequences. M., 1990
2019: Handelsblatt: How Russia turns into a great Internet power
On February 15, 2019, the German business newspaper Handelsblatt published an article titled "How Russia is Turning into a Great IT Power". Journalists paid special attention to Yandex. Read more.
2016
According to The Boston Consulting Group (BCG, August 2016), the share of the digital economy (also called the web or Internet economy) in the GDP of developed countries has grown by 1.2 percentage points since 2010 and is 5.5%. In developing countries, this figure increased from 3.6% to 4.9% of GDP.
If in 2010 the share of online commerce in all sales was 1.7% ($12 billion), then in 2016 it increased to 3.2% ($43 billion). In 2010, the cost of advertising on the Internet was 10.8% ($0.9 billion), then in 2016 - 19% ($4 billion).
"This is the first comprehensive study of the Russian Internet economy," Presidential Aide Igor Shchegolev told journalists at the presentation of the study. "Its role is growing every year, its penetration into the real economy is growing."
As HSE Rector Yaroslav Kuzminov noted, the methodology used in the study did not imply the disclosure of all financial information, since the surveys of companies were not about exact numbers, but rather about orders. However, the companies were honest in their responses, which ensured greater accuracy in the final results.
"If we look at the dynamics of the Internet economy, we will see that its growth is fantastic for the Russian economy - tens of percent," Yaroslav Kuzminov emphasized. "None of the other sectors of the economy is growing like that." According to him, we can expect that by the end of 2012 the volume of the Runet economy will be about 1.5% of GDP. "If the growth rate of the Internet economy continues, then by the end of the decade the Internet will serve more than 50% of the Russian economy," predicts the rector of the Higher School of Economics.
According to the study, the total volume of Internet markets studied by the company in 2011 amounted to 553.79 billion rubles, with a growth forecast of 30% in 2012. The volume of all Internet-dependent markets in 2011 amounted to 2.52 trillion rubles ., which is 4.62% of the country's GDP. At the same time, different segments of the Internet market are growing in different ways.
The market volume of cloud computing (SaaS) in Runet in 2011 is estimated at 1.89 billion rubles. In 2010-2011 it grew by 46%, experts predict the same growth in 2011-2012. Such a rapid increase in both the volume and the number of players is due to the gradual departure from the "boxed" software and the growing use of mobile devices, for which "being in the cloud" is organic and effective. Startups are a natural client of cloud services: clouds allow them to reduce costs, but at the same time, lay the foundation for the possible rapid growth of the company.
The volume of the web development market in 2011 amounted to 9.6 billion rubles. In 2010-2011 it increased by 35%, in 2012, as experts predict, it will increase by 27%.
The e-commerce market in the study is divided into several segments. The volume of the e-commerce market in 2011 amounted to 166.7 billion rubles. with a projected growth of 32%. Experts note its high concentration: the three largest payment systems - Yandex.Money, Webmoney and Qiwi - account for up to 80% of the market. According to the study, in 2010-2011. the market grew by 34%, and by the end of 2012 it will grow by another 32%.
Chairman of the Board of the Electronic Money Association (AED) Viktor Dostov considers this assessment too soft: turnover - 70%. I believe that such dynamics will continue, and the market will grow by 70% in 2012," he told a ComNews reporter. At the same time, the market volume indicated in the RAEC study differs from the results of the April study (125 billion rubles) within the margin of error, the head of the AED council noted.
The volume of the online retail market amounted to 309.4 billion rubles, the dynamics in 2010-2011. – 30%, predicted dynamics in 2011-2012. – 27%. The main growth point of this market, according to the respondents, is the increase in the number of Internet users actively shopping online. Of the 52-55 million Russian users, only a fifth make purchases via the Internet, said the general director of the Ozon.ru online megamarket Mael Gavet.
The volume of the market for the sale of content and games amounted to 309.4 billion rubles, with dynamics similar to the dynamics of the online retail market.
The volume of the contextual advertising market amounted to 24.24 billion rubles. according to the results of 2011, media advertising - 15.83 billion rubles, search engine optimization - 8.56 billion rubles, marketing in social networks - 2.98 billion rubles, video advertising - 0.8 billion rubles. The fastest growing market is video advertising - 53% in 2010-2011, 59% according to the forecast for 2011-2012.
Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ............... 2
Chapter 1 2
Virtual network communities, telework. Information stratification .................................................................. ................................................. ................................................. ................................................. ...... 5
Chapter 2. Internet Finance............................................... ................................................. ........................ 9
Internet banking in Russia and the world............................................. ................................................. .... ten
Modern Internet trading .............................................................. ................................................. 12
Internet insurance in the world.................................................... ................................................. ............. 13
Internet payments today .............................................................. ................................................. .................... fifteen
Chapter 3. Practical part ............................................... ................................................. .................. 16
Faktura................................................... ................................................. ................................................. ................ 16
"ANELIK", "CONTACT", "MONEYGRAM"....................................... ................................................. ......... 19
SYSTEM "MONEYGRAM" (MoneyGram) .............................................. ................................................. ... twenty
SYSTEM "ANELIK" (Anelik) .............................................. ................................................. ......................... 21
SYSTEM "CONTACT" (Contact) ............................................... ................................................. ................... 21
Settlement services for legal entities using the electronic payment system “Client-Bank”............................................................ ................................................. ................................................. .22
Conclusion................................................. ................................................. ................................................. ..... 23
Bibliography................................................ ................................................. ......................................... 26
Mankind is inevitably entering the information age. The weight of the information economy is constantly growing, and its share, expressed in total working time, for economically developed countries is already 40-60% today and is expected to increase by another 10-15% by the end of the century.
One of the criteria for the transition of society to the post-industrial and further to the information stage of development can be the percentage of the population employed in the service sector:
If in a society more than 50% of the population is employed in the service sector, the post-industrial phase of its development has begun;
If in a society more than 50% of the population is employed in the field of information services, the society has become informational.
A number of publications note that the United States entered the post-industrial period of its development in 1956 (the state of California overcame this milestone back in 1910), and the United States became an information society in 1974.
Recognizing the undoubted achievements of the United States and other countries in the field of informatization, it is necessary to understand that a certain proportion of the “information content” of these countries was created due to the transfer of a number of material, often environmentally harmful, industries to other countries of the world, due to the so-called “ecological colonialism”.
According to scientists, it took 1750 years for knowledge to double from the beginning of our era, the second doubling took place in 1900, and the third - by 1950, i.e. already for 50 years, with an increase in the volume of information over these half a century by 8-10 times. Moreover, this trend is increasing more and more, as the amount of knowledge in the world by the end of the twentieth century will double, and the amount of information will increase by more than 30 times. This phenomenon is called "information explosion".
Employment
in a leading industry
1- material production (industrial society),
2- service sector (post-industrial society),
3- the field of information services (information society),
4- sphere of intellectual activity (noospheric society).
The concept of a post-industrial society as a general sociological theory of development has been developed quite deeply by Western researchers: D. Bell, J. Galbraith, J. Martin, I. Masuda, F. Polak, O. Toffler, J. Fourastier and others. It was J. Fourastier who defined the post-industrial society as a "civilization of services".
Domestic science turned to this issue much later. This was connected with ideology, in particular with the fact that in terms of "post-industrial", "information" they saw an alternative to formational terms - "socialist", "communist" society. The concept of the information society cannot be considered "side by side" with various types of formations, it is only the most optimal way to develop any of them.
Among domestic scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of this direction, it is necessary to note V.M. Glushkov, N.N. Moiseev, A.I. Rakitov, A.V. Artamonov G.T., Kolin K.K. are working in this direction. and etc.
Types of exchanges in society :
Material;
Energy;
Informational (relevant since the middle of the twentieth century).
A holistic system is characterized by an exchange between elements (VG Afanasiev).
The subject of our consideration is information exchange. The history of the improvement of information exchange coincides with the history of the creation and improvement of sign systems, the technique of creating signs.
The main phases of information exchange are:
oral phase;
Written phase;
Book phase;
computer phase.
D.S. Robertson (USA), based on the interdependence of civilizational and informational processes, put forward the formula “civilization is information”. Based on the quantitative measures of mathematical information theory, Robertson ranks civilizations according to the amount of information they produce in the following way:
Level 0 - information capacity of the brain of an individual - 10 7 bits;
Level 1 - oral communication within a community, village or tribe - amount of information circulating » 10 9 bits;
Level 2 - written culture; a measure of public awareness is the Library of Alexandria, which has 532,800 scrolls, which contain 10 11 bits of information;
Level 3 - book culture: there are hundreds of libraries, tens of thousands of books, newspapers, magazines are published, the total capacity of which is estimated at 10 17 bits;
Level 4 - information society with electronic processing of information with a volume of 10 25 bits.
The Internet has made it possible to provide fairly cheap and simple and technically communication for its participants. Users of the Internet and other computer networks can be described as members of virtual network communities (communities). At the same time, the network community acts as some kind of social integrity in the form of a basic unit of the social organization of users.
The main properties of this kind of social group are: the presence of group members (users of Internet resources), membership criteria (access to the Network), a set of prescribed roles (content provider, user, participant in a chat, conference, etc.), the presence of norms that must be adhere to group members.
Network communities can be created purposefully or spontaneously. It should be specially noted that the emergence of a network community is possible as a result of the consolidation of stable interactions and relationships that initially arise on the basis of interpersonal contacts on the Web or contacts with information providers.
The first online communities arose in connection with the advent and 1979 of open electronic bulletin boards. This social phenomenon received further development with the Creation in the 90s. email distribution groups and chat forums.
It should be noted that along the boundaries of network communities, as well as their spheres of interest, and in the overwhelming majority of cases, they are blurred, the power structure in them is also not clearly visible. The main power functions in online communities, and in a rather conditional form, are owned by content creators, administrators, moderators of conferences and forums
Members of local network communities are united general system values that can be economic, cultural, political, religious, etc. The communicative component in the functioning of communities is also important, manifested in the desire for active communication with each other in order to exchange knowledge and experience, ultimately, to the socialization of community members.
The process of communication determines the attitude of the individual not only to other members of "his" network community, but also to the structures that form the Network. The actions of a person often become a communicative act of improving the structure of the Network, developing standards of social behavior. The intuitive principle in the functioning of network communities in most cases prevails over the principles of the formal logic of social behavior. In turn, the Network, thanks to the presence of intrasystem communication, contributes to the process of self-learning and the formation of social norms. At the same time, different groups of network communities, having common group-forming features, nevertheless differ in some aspects of their social behavior./6/
Currently, trade, communications and competition in network communities are moving to a new qualitative level, taking into account the opportunities provided by the network on a planetary scale.
The Internet has opened up the opportunity for millions of members of their communities to work anywhere in the world without leaving their country (Transborder telework). This kind of activity is an integral part of the free working day (Flextime). In the developed countries of the West, a new phenomenon has several names that differ in shades. These are telecommuting, telework, telejob. The word “telework” is beginning to enter the Russian language.
It is assumed that by 2005 in developed countries this type of work will be employed by 20% of workers, and in the UK this percentage of "telework" has already been reached. It is believed that 50% of all known professions can successfully function within the framework of telework. First of all, programmers, designers, translators, scientists, editors, consultants and other specialists working with information in in electronic format. This can be work for a company (when the workplace is equipped at an employee's home with an Internet connection) or self-employment.
With tslswork, the organization of labor and the form of "working time", which provides for the presence in the office, loses its economic content, but retains its social significance. The following social factors contributed to the emergence and widespread use of telework technologies:
The emergence of the networked economy, in which telework and telecommerce play a role central roles;
The growing general need to reduce production costs and improve the level of service for customers, as well as strengthening the position in the economy of small businesses;
Growing anxiety about the condition environment and especially negative effects from automobile exhausts.
The system-forming element of telework in all its manifestations is the use of computers and telecommunications to change the accepted geography of work. The mass application of telework methods can bring significant socio-economic benefits to society and the individual. Among the advantages of telework:
Reducing the severity of transport problems and environmental pollution due to a decrease in overall car traffic;
Reducing unemployment;
Access to work for persons with limited ability to work or with temporary restrictions for the performance of labor duties related to raising children and caring for the sick;
Reducing unproductive time losses associated with moving to work.
Information inequality (information stratification) in the era of the formation of the information society becomes one of the most important factors in the differentiation of social troupes. In 1997, the UN Development Program introduced a new dimension of poverty - informational, which characterizes the possibility of access to the information highway for the general population. In the information society, the main conflict in the system of industrial relations is the conflict between knowledge and incompetence. At the same time, in developed countries, the phenomenon of the dependence of a person's success in the modern world depends on his attitude to the telecommunications revolution, and is called the "digital barrier", or "digital divide" (Digital Drive). Social groups deprived of access to information resources find themselves in a deliberately losing economic position compared to the network community.
Information stratification also exists within the Internet itself. Owners of resources and users, administrators, moderators of interpersonal communication networks and members of these networks have different rights to access information. Most notable on the Internet is the linguistic disparity. The vast majority of resources are in English. Thus, users who do not speak this language are at an economic disadvantage.
In addition to the linguistic aspect, there is also a cognitive-semantic aspect of information stratification. The essence of the cognitive-semantic aspect lies in the fact that the ability of an individual to abstract logical thinking essentially depends on the richness of the language that he is fluent in.
Information stratification of users: can be carried out depending on their citizenship. In addition, in multi-user computer systems, there are various systems for restricting access to information resources installed by the owners of these systems.
The most significant and painful problem that contributes to information stratification for Russia, with its territorial dispersion, is the problem of access to the Web in sparsely populated and geographically remote settlements from regional centers.
If we look into the future, then after the formation of the information society, information stratification, apparently, will be determined not so much by social characteristics as by the correlation in the psyche of the subjects of social relations and the policy of state or interstate structures. /6/
Internet Finance includes:
Internet banking
Internet trading
Internet insurance
Internet settlements and payments
Management of bank accounts via the Internet, or in other words Internet banking, is the most dynamic and representative area of financial Internet solutions, due to the widest range of financial (in this case, banking) services provided in Internet banking systems. Such systems can be the basis for remote work systems in the securities market and remote insurance, because they provide settlements and control over them by all participants in financial relations.
The classic version of the Internet banking system includes a full range of banking services provided to customers - individuals in the bank's offices, of course, with the exception of cash transactions.
Today, using Internet banking systems, you can buy and sell non-cash currency, pay utilities, pay for Internet access, pay bills of cellular and paging operators, make non-cash intra- and interbank payments, transfer funds to your accounts, and, of course, track all banking transactions on your accounts for any period of time.
The use of Internet banking systems provides a number of advantages: firstly, time is significantly saved by eliminating the need to visit the bank in person, and secondly, the client has the opportunity to control his own accounts 24 hours a day and, in accordance with the changed situation in the financial markets, respond instantly to these changes (for example, by closing bank deposits, buying or selling foreign currency, etc.). Internet banking systems are also indispensable for tracking operations with plastic cards - any write-off of funds from a card account is promptly reflected in account statements prepared by the systems, which also helps to increase the client's control over their operations.
Ability to work with accounts plastic cards allows you to use the services of online stores both in Russia and abroad at an absolutely safe level - just transfer the required amount of funds to the card using the Internet banking system, and then use this card to pay for any service or product in the online store on the latter's website. At the same time, statements on the card account will be available in the system, from which you can determine what amount of funds was debited from the card, for what, etc. Thus, more than the cost of goods and services simply will not be debited from the client's card and the client is always able to track such transactions.
Having touched upon the issue of the security of financial transactions, and in particular the security of transactions in Internet banking systems, we can say with confidence that modern technologies software and hardware protection are at a level that provides a 100% guarantee of the confidentiality of transactions and the safety of funds. But most importantly, banks are primarily interested in the safety of funds - providers of Internet banking services, responsible not only for the safety of their clients' finances, but also for their funds and reputation.
The growing popularity of Internet banking, not only in the West, but also in Russia, once again confirms that a steady and solvent demand has appeared for this non-traditional type of banking services./14/
It is hard to imagine that in these difficult times it is possible, having satisfied your basic vital needs, to save at least a little money for the future. But now you have already opened a deposit in a bank and got a credit card. They insured their house, car and their own lives to boot. If now you still have something left, besides, you are used to money "working", then welcome to the stock market.
Thanks to Internet technologies, the acquisition of securities, recognized throughout the world in the best possible way investments of free capital, is available today to everyone. In a matter of seconds, you can form an investment portfolio, and then manage your assets, receiving all the necessary information (quotes, analysis, forecasts) without delay anywhere in the world. The demand for interactive trading in stocks, options, futures is growing every day. More and more banks and brokerage companies are mastering a new promising area of their activity. Trading in the network attracts a potential investor primarily by the external simplicity of transactions and low fees for online brokers. At the same time, just like in reality, an investor can use a full-service brokerage, relying entirely on the broker's qualified advice, or a discount brokerage, when all responsibility for making a trading decision is shifted to the investor's shoulders.
Unlike the securities market, where a considerable initial capital and a long term are required to obtain tangible profits, the foreign exchange market (FOREX) gives a chance to a multi-million army of small and medium-sized investors. The minimum insurance deposit, the possibility of using "leverage", the dynamics of the market allow you to count on a quick and big win. At the same time, it is necessary to be constantly aware of the fact that the high profitability of operations in the stock and currency markets is associated with an equally high risk of losing everything. Therefore, in the process of comprehending the intricacies of online trading, very often you will come across a warning that speculative financial markets cannot be considered as an object for applying the latest savings.
The right choice of a market intermediary is also important. Today, when competition among Internet brokers has increased many times over, and investor activity has dropped significantly, investment companies are doing everything possible to create the most favorable working conditions for their clients on the stock market.
Before talking about online insurance, it is useful to remember what traditional insurance is.
Under insurance it is customary to understand the process of establishing and maintaining contractual relations between the Insured (the one who purchases insurance services) and the Insurer (the one who provides such services). The insurer develops and determines the insurance program, offers it to the client and, if the insured agrees, then both parties enter into an agreement. The Client makes one-time or regular payments, and the Insurer, in turn, undertakes, upon occurrence insured event pay the Insured monetary compensation determined by the terms of the insurance contract. In the process of making a transaction, a document called an insurance policy is formed. The policy serves as a legal document for the insurer and for the insurance company, which stipulates the essential points of insurance: the object of insurance (property, person, liability), the insured event, from the occurrence of which the contract is concluded, the beginning and end of the insurance period, sum insured, insurance premium. After the settlement of all issues, the document is signed by both parties.
Therefore, Internet insurance is nothing more than the above elements of interaction between the insurance company and the client that arise during the sale insurance product and its maintenance, but produced using the Internet. Therefore, in order for the company's Internet representation to function as a virtual office of this insurance company, it must include the following features:
Providing the client with complete information about the general and financial condition companies;
Providing the client with information about the company's services and the possibility of detailed acquaintance with them;
Calculation of the amount of the insurance premium and determination of the conditions for its payment for each type of insurance and depending on specific parameters;
Completing the insurance application form;
Order and pay (in the form of a lump sum or periodic payments) an insurance policy directly via the Internet;
Transfer of the policy, certified by the digital signature of the insurer, to the client directly via the Internet;
The possibility of information exchange between the policyholder and the insurer during the validity of the contract (for the client to receive various reports from the insurance company);
Information exchange between the parties in the event of an insured event;
Payment of the insurance premium to the insured via the Internet, in the event of an insured event;
Provision by the Insurer to the client of other services and information: consulting, a dictionary of insurance terms, etc.
The spread of online commerce has been one of the factors that has led to the development of online payment systems around the world. The development was also affected by tougher competition in the real sectors of the economy (for example, banking), when market participants were forced to look for new ways to reduce the costs of finding and attracting customers, as well as servicing them on the Internet.
The Internet is just one area that can help commercial banks in their promotion in the retail market. However, Internet commerce services are largely not in demand at the moment.
Nevertheless, in Russia today there are quite a large number of people who are ready to use high-tech services and pay for them, but for this they simply need convenient payment methods, including remote ones. Meanwhile, most of the population has never purchased goods in online stores, and online buyers prefer not to use online payment systems, which, along with traditional methods, are currently offered to visitors by Internet companies.
Internet payment systems in Russia are in a state of development. Currently, there are several main solutions that fall into two main groups: payment by credit cards via the Internet or payment by electronic money.
But the most pressing issue remains security. The experience of organizing payment systems abroad shows that most of the population refuses to pay for goods via the Internet until they receive guarantees of their complete security and anonymity. However, despite the lack of systems that would currently fully satisfy the requirements of consumers, this market is actively developing.
The practice of using modern Internet technologies in Sotsinvestbank OJSC. On January 17, 2003, Sotsinvestbank was the first in Bashkortostan to join the Faktura payment system.
Service "Electronic payments"
For individuals and legal entities. The service will allow you to make real-time payments and receive bank statements. The "Electronic Payments" service is a classic Internet banking that provides the ability to manage bank accounts and make payments via the Internet.
This is a system of operational access to financial information with the ability to conduct transactions in real time. Using the "Electronic Payments" service, you can send payment documents and receive statements on the status of your bank accounts at any time of the day from anywhere in the world. All you need is an electronic digital certificate and Internet access. "Bank-Client" is a stationary system, which implies the installation of special software on the client's computer and thus "attaches" it to this computer. In addition, each bank offers customers to install their own Client-Bank software modules. This creates additional inconvenience for businesses that have accounts in different banks, as they have to work in several different programs. The "Electronic Payments" service allows an enterprise to manage its accounts in different banks through a single interface (Internet Explorer installed on each computer).
Advantages of the Electronic Payments service:
Efficiency: Ability to track the passage of documents in the bank in real time;
Obtaining a statement on any of the bank accounts for any period of time at any time;
Ability to generate a current account statement at any time based on the data of the current business day.
Convenience: No need to install special software on your computer and automatically update the version of the "workplace";
Ability to import / export documents from the accounting program;
Control of the correctness of filling in the fields of the payment document, reducing the likelihood of errors in filling out the payment document;
Work with all accounts of your organizations (even those opened in different banks) from one workplace;
The technology of differentiation of access rights allows flexible management of the capabilities of employees, namely, to share the responsibilities for working with documents (input, control, sending to the bank);
Service "Electronic invoices" allows the company quickly and safely: Issue invoices for payment via the Internet;
Receive invoices from your suppliers via the Internet;
Automatically mark the payment of invoices from the bank statement;
Receive reports: On settlements with individual counterparties,
For a certain period
About issued, paid and unpaid invoices
Operatively control orders, plan financial and sales activities.
System users get the opportunity to significantly reduce their overhead costs for organizing interaction with counterparties.
Service "Financial aggregation"
Control cash flows subsidiaries (branches) of the enterprise. The service will allow you to receive real-time comprehensive, consolidated information about the balances and movements of funds on the accounts of your regional divisions, branches and subsidiaries.
The "Financial aggregation" service is designed to control financial activities enterprises with distributed infrastructure.
In the event that the regional divisions or subsidiaries of the company are serviced by Faktura.ru Settlement Banks, the financial manager of the parent company has the opportunity to receive consolidated information on the state of the accounts of the divisions in different banks.
Thus, to use the system, there is no need to open accounts in any one bank and its branches.
Using the "Financial aggregation" service, you can at any time on one screen receive detailed reports on the state of the company's financial accounts by banks and organizations (legal entities included in the holding) at the current moment or for a certain period of time. FakturaPay is a new way to pay for goods and services via the Internet from a customer's bank account.
Anelik (Anelik) - transfer / receipt of US dollars.
Сontact (Contact) - transfer / receipt of rubles (in Russia) and US dollars.
MoneyGram (ManeyGram) - transfer / receipt of US dollars.
Ease of translation and minimum requirements to the required documents are very convenient for students, traveling people, emigrants, seasonal workers who do not have a foreign currency account in the host country. These transfer systems are also convenient for those who wish to receive money or send it to someone urgently. For example, you can send currency to relatives abroad or, on the contrary, receive a transfer from them.
In accordance with the current Russian legislation:
On the territory of Russia, money transfers are carried out only in rubles without limiting the amount (Contact system);
Currency from Russia can be sent to the CIS countries and foreign countries (Anelik, Contact, MoneyGram). Private currency transfers within Russia are prohibited;
Russian citizens cannot transfer more than 2,000 US dollars in one day (Anelik, Contact, MoneyGram).
When sending / receiving money, the following rules are observed, common to Anelik, Contact and MoneyGram:
Sending and receiving currency funds does not require opening a currency account.
To send or receive a transfer, you must have a passport or identity document with you.
To send currency, you must have a valid document confirming the legality of the purchase of currency (the document is withdrawn by the bank).
If you send money, a bank employee will help you fill out the documents and assign a unique number to the transfer and tell you the secret code of the transfer.
If you send money, then you must notify the recipient about the transfer and the secret code.
To receive a transfer, you need to know the secret code of the transfer, which the sender must tell you.
No commission is charged to the recipient. The recipient receives the full amount. The sender pays the commission.
The MoneyGram money transfer system consists of a settlement center (transfers) located in Denver (Colorado, USA) and an agent network of more than 35,000 service points in more than 120 countries around the world. "Sotsinvestbank" can quickly transfer the client's funds using the MoneyGram system, or request permission to pay out the transfer already in the database. In just 15-20 minutes, the amount transferred from one country becomes available to the recipient in another country. MoneyGram tariffs are more profitable than Western Union tariffs (Western Union).
MoneyGram transfer is accompanied by a free 10-word message to the addressee.
Within 15 minutes after sending the transfer, the addressee can receive it and read the cover letter. (More info: www.moneygram.com)
Money transfers through the Anelik system are accepted and issued in 70 countries around the world. From any service point of the Anelik system, you can quickly send a money transfer to any of its service points. Transfers are accepted and issued in cash. The center of mutual settlements and software and information support of the Anelik system is the branch of the bank "Anelik" LLC in Moscow (website www.anelik.ru).
Contact is a network of correspondent banks, in which RUSSLAVBANK acts as a clearing bank. The main advantages of making private bank transfers through the system.
About 2,900 banks and their branches work in the Contact network. As part of making transfers via the Contact network, the correspondent network of the Anelik system www.anelik.ru is available.
Currently, through the network of correspondent banks "Contact" it is possible to make payments to 68 countries, including the following cities: Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Georgia, Spain, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon , Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, USA, Czech Republic, Ukraine.
Settlement services for legal entities using the "Client-Bank" electronic payment system
"Client-Bank" is an original system of electronic payments that will allow you to carry out operations on a bank account from an office computer.
Capabilities:
Transfer to the bank of electronic copies of payment orders;
Obtaining information on crediting funds to bank accounts;
Daily receipt of statements on bank accounts;
Formation and storage of archive of payment documents and account statements.
"Client-Bank" is:
SPEED receipt of statements on the same day;
CONVENIENCE to carry out transactions without leaving the office;
SAVING time;
EXTENSION of the operating day by 1 hour.
It is sometimes believed that remote banking should be implemented mainly for servicing large corporate clients, and work with individuals and small legal entities can wait. But not only large customers need banking services, but also individuals, private entrepreneurs, small and medium-sized enterprises, in general, all those who have small turnovers, but despite this, they have the right to count on convenient service and due attention from the bank. The Internet, which has rapidly burst into our lives, allows us to serve the mass client, and provide most of the retail services.
The future of Internet banking in Russia is closely linked to the development of retail banking. For large clients, exclusive, non-standard service and personal attention are more important, and after that - interactivity in the implementation of all necessary operations. For small and medium-sized enterprises, entrepreneurs and individuals, the service in the Internet banking system is more productive, since it allows you to provide a massive high-quality and - which is very important - inexpensive service.
Internet banking is not a new service provided by the bank, but only a change in the form of customer service. Here you can draw an analogy with the service by phone or pager. The operations carried out by the bank on the network are the same operations that it provides in its standard branches. They differ only in the interactive form of relationship with the client. However, this service is the most advanced. This is supported by the following factors Internet banking:
system electronic bank requires a high-quality back-office system, which should provide for both various customer service modes (tariff plans standard, economy, VIP-client, etc.) and automatically monitor the risks arising from operations;
The Internet is the most competitive environment, since it allows you to make transactions in real time (powerful search engines allow the client to analyze the terms of services provided by various banks and choose the most optimal offer);
an interactive environment is operating, i.e. a robot bank that operates without human intervention or with minimal participation;
the bank has the opportunity to reduce the costs of maintaining standard branches and optimize standard banking operations as much as possible;
Internet banking, being a global environment, makes it necessary to change the very structure of business in favor of the Internet economy.
Another aspect of the attractiveness of the Internet for banks is the explosive growth of e-commerce. The ability to pay for goods or services directly while surfing the web has immeasurable marketing potential. The magnitude and rate of growth in e-commerce turnover confirms this idea.
However, there are serious problems forcing banks to be slow to use the Internet in their business. First of all, these are security problems - the security of confidential information transmitted over public networks, the security of banking transactions on the Internet. Further, there are problems associated with the lack of widespread standards for making electronic payments on the Internet. And finally, the problems associated with the weak legal framework for e-commerce.
An important development factor financial services over the Internet there will be data storage systems that support banking service by phone using computers. The main driving force behind the development of these services will be the reduction in the cost of banking transactions: due to the use of the Internet and related technologies, one transaction will cost two-thirds less than today.
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