The budget institution receives money in foreign currency. Accounting for the institution's funds in a foreign currency account. Settlements with suppliers and contractors

01.12.2021

AT practical activities budget institutions sometimes it becomes necessary to open a foreign currency account and conduct transactions with money in foreign currency. For example, when making settlements with foreign counterparties (including when purchasing inventories, including equipment, paying for consulting, intermediary and other similar services) or for issuing advances in foreign currency to employees of an institution sent on a business trip abroad.

The general rules for organizing and maintaining accounting for foreign currency transactions are established by the norms of paragraph 154 of the Instructions for the Unified Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n.

Operations on the movement of funds in foreign currency are recorded simultaneously both in this currency and in rubles at the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of the transactions. The ruble equivalent of the balance of funds in foreign currency for reporting date(on the date of formation of accounting registers) is reflected in the accounting in rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on this date.

Exchange differences in foreign currency settlements

Cash in foreign currencies should be revalued at the date of the foreign currency transactions and at the balance sheet date. At the same time, exchange rate differences (positive or negative) may occur when calculating the ruble equivalent. They are taken into account as an increase (decrease) Money on the accounts of the institution in foreign currency with reference to the financial result of the current financial year from the revaluation of assets.

Let us turn to the Instructions for the Chart of Accounts for Accounting of Budgetary Institutions, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 16, 2010 No. 174n. Its separate provisions govern the procedure for accounting for exchange rate differences arising from the conversion of a currency into a ruble equivalent (or vice versa), as well as when recalculating the obligations of an institution or its counterparties on the date of settlement.

Based on the provisions of Instruction No. 174n, when making settlements in foreign currency, in fact, at least two accounting entries should be made:

1) adjust receivables or payables by the amount of the exchange difference (if the debt is denominated in foreign currency);

2) to revalue for the same amount the currency funds debited from the account or credited to the account.

Example
As part of the state task, on August 1, the institution took into account an obligation to purchase inventories in the amount of $10,000.

The dollar exchange rate of the Central Bank on the date of the commitment is 33.03 rubles. for US dollars. The funds were transferred to the supplier on August 9 (there was a balance of dollars on the foreign currency account sufficient to complete this operation). Suppose that the dollar exchange rate on August 9 was 33.18 rubles. for US dollars. Postings will be made in accounting:

Contents of operation	Debit	Credit	Sum
August 1
Reflected the amount of debt to the supplier for purchased inventories	4 105 XX 340	4 302 34 730	330 300 rub. (USD 10,000 × RUB 33.03/USD)
August 9
Transferred funds in foreign currency to the supplier*	4 302 34 830 "Decrease accounts payable for the acquisition of inventories"	4 201 27 610	RUB 331,800 (USD 10,000 × RUB 33.18/USD)
Reflected the amount of the exchange difference on the obligation assumed	4 401 10 171	4 302 34 730 "Increase in accounts payable for the acquisition of inventories"	1500 rub. ((33.18 RUB/USD – 33.03 RUB/USD) × 10,000 USD)

From the foregoing, the following conclusions can be drawn.

1. When a foreign currency is credited to a foreign currency account, exchange rate differences do not arise (if the receipt is not related to the repayment of previously accounted accounts receivable). The received amount is estimated and reflected in accounting at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of receipt of funds to the account (in accordance with the bank statement on the credit account).

2. If prior to the next reporting date monetary funds in foreign currency are not spent, there is no need for their revaluation.

3. If any settlements are made between the date the currency is credited to the account and the reporting date, the exchange rate differences are taken into account as of the date of these transactions.

4. When issuing funds in foreign currency against a report to business travelers, exchange differences may occur several times depending on when the accountable amount is actually issued - on the day the currency is received from the bank or later.

Note that the Ministry of Finance of Russia does not deny the possibility of issuing a foreign currency advance for a business trip (letter dated August 9, 2012 No. 14-07-06/9).

Exchange differences when buying foreign currency

As a rule, foreign exchange rates set by credit institutions differ from the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the question arises of how to reflect in accounting the difference arising from the revaluation of the currency at the rate of a particular bank and the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

In our opinion, such a need arises only when buying a currency (when converting a currency into rubles or vice versa). In other situations, the placement of foreign currency funds on the accounts of credit institutions, as well as their spending and receipt in foreign currency, does not lead to a change in the economic benefits of the bank and, therefore, such amounts are not subject to recalculation.

The documents of the regulatory system of accounting in institutions do not regulate the issue of separate reflection in accounting of the difference between the bank's exchange rate and the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Therefore, in our opinion, the general scheme seems to be legitimate, according to which the differences actually formed (between the rate of a particular bank and the rate of the Central Bank) are reflected in the accounting.

In accounting, such operations are reflected in the usual manner (clauses 74, 75 of Instruction No. 174n):

a positive exchange difference during conversion on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the debit of account 0 201 13 510 “Receipts of funds of the institution in the treasury body in transit” and the credit of account 0 401 10 171 “Income from revaluation of assets”;
the negative exchange rate difference during conversion on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the credit of account 0 201 13 610 “Disposal of funds of the institution in the treasury body in transit” and the debit of account 0 401 10 171 “Income from revaluation of assets”.

The need to determine exchange rate differences during conversion is due to the fact that this operation is usually carried out in two stages within two banking days. If the transaction is carried out within one banking day, exchange differences do not arise during the conversion.

If the terms of the bank account agreement provide for the collection of an additional commission for services credit institution for currency conversion, such amounts are accounted for separately. In our opinion, it is most legitimate to attribute the amounts of expenses to the KOSGU code 226 (since payment for other services is meant). Concerning accounting entries, then according to paragraph 78 of Instruction No. 174n:

payment for a credit institution's currency conversion service is reflected in the credit of account 0 201 23 610 “Disposal of funds of an institution in a credit institution in transit” and the debit of account 0 401 20 226 “Expenses for other work, services”;
the negative exchange rate difference on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the debit of account 0 401 10 171 and the credit of account 0 201 23 610.

Example
To send an employee on a business trip abroad, the institution needed to purchase 2,000 US dollars, and it applied to the bank with a corresponding order on August 8.

Suppose that the exchange rate of the bank in which the institution has a foreign currency account is 34.08 rubles on this date. for US dollars. On the same day, 68,160 rubles were transferred for the purchase of foreign currency. (34.08 rubles / USD × 2000 USD), the bank purchased the currency and credited it to the foreign currency account of the institution minus a commission fee in the amount of 200 rubles. August 9th. Suppose the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on this date amounted to 33.18 rubles. for US dollars.

And on August 12, 2,000 US dollars were transferred to a bank currency card to an accountable person sent on a business trip.

Advance report on the expenditure of all accountable amount submitted by an employee on 22 August. Suppose that the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on this date amounted to 33.25 rubles. for US dollars. The accounting records will include:

Contents of operation	Debit	Credit	Sum
8 August
Funds were transferred from the personal account of the institution for crediting funds to a foreign currency account (at the rate of the bank),*	4 201 23 510 "Receipt of funds of an institution in a credit institution on the way"	4 201 11 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution from personal accounts in the treasury body"	RUB 68,160
August 9
The currency was credited to the foreign currency account of the institution (at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation),*	4 201 27 510	4 201 23 610	RUB 66,360 (33.18 RUB/USD × 2000 USD)
Commission withheld by the bank*	4 401 20 226 "Expenses for other works, services"	4 201 23 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in a credit institution in transit"	200 rub.
The negative difference between the currency purchase rate and the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is reflected*	4,401 10,171 "Income from revaluation of assets"	4,201 23,610 “Disposal of funds of an institution in a credit institution in transit”	1800 rub. ((34.08 RUB/USD – 33.18 RUB/USD) × 2000 USD)
12th of August
The currency from the currency account was transferred to bank card seconded worker*	4 208 XX 560	4 201 27 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution"	RUB 66,440 (33.22 RUB/USD × 2000 USD)
The exchange rate difference from the revaluation of the currency on the account is reflected**	4 201 27 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution"	4 401 10 171 "Income from the revaluation of assets"	80 rub. ((33.22 RUB/USD – 33.18 RUB/USD) × 2000 USD)
August 22
Reflected business trip expenses according to the approved advance report	4 401 20 XXX	4 208 XX 660	RUB 66,500 (33.25 RUB/USD × 2000 USD)
The amount of the exchange rate difference	4 208 XX 560	4 401 10 171 "Income from the revaluation of assets"	60 rub. ((33.25 RUB/USD – 33.22 RUB/USD) × 2000 USD)

V. Zakharyin,
expert on budget accounting

September 08

When accounting for business transactions denominated in foreign currency, accountants of budgetary and autonomous institutions face some difficulties associated with the specifics of accounting for assets and liabilities in foreign currency, which consist in converting foreign currency into rubles, establishing the frequency of recalculation, and calculating, and accounting for exchange rate differences.

In accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 10, 2003 No. 173-FZ “On Currency Regulation and Currency Control”, organizations have the right to open foreign currency bank accounts in authorized banks without restrictions, unless otherwise provided by this law. At the same time, the foreign exchange authorities in Russian Federation are central bank Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation (clause 1, article 5 of Law No. 173-FZ). The acquisition by institutions of foreign currency in accordance with the currency legislation, as well as its use as a means of payment, is recognized as a currency transaction.

Budgetary and autonomous institutions have the right to open currency accounts in a bank authorized by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in accordance with the procedure established by the currency legislation of the Russian Federation for the following purposes:

acquisition of foreign currency for the fulfillment of monetary obligations assumed by institutions within the framework of financial economic activity(payment of foreign travel expenses, purchase of imported supplies, works, services under international contracts). At the same time, it is allowed to currency transactions associated with the payment and (or) reimbursement of expenses on business trips outside the Russian Federation, as well as operations of repayment by employees of an unspent advance payment in foreign currency through the cash desk of an institution, subject to the opening of a foreign currency account (clause 9, article 9 of Law No. 173-FZ) ;
operations for the sale of foreign currency credited to the personal account of an institution opened with a credit institution in the form of proceeds from the institutions' foreign trade activities within the framework of income-generating activities (export of products, works, services);
receipt of international grants, grants from foreign states and public organizations expressed in foreign currency.

Thus, in accordance with the currency legislation, in order to conduct transactions with foreign currency, budgetary and autonomous institutions must open a foreign currency account in the bank in accordance with the established procedure of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. At the same time, an advance payment by an institution to employees traveling on a business trip abroad is made in foreign currency through the cash desk of the institution by withdrawing currency from a foreign currency account or by purchasing foreign currency from a bank in the presence of a foreign currency account.

According to paragraph 4 of Article 30 of Federal Law No. 83-FZ dated May 8, 2010 “On Amendments to Certain legislative acts Russian Federation in connection with the improvement legal status state (municipal) institutions” operations with the funds of budgetary and autonomous institutions are recorded according to the classification codes of operations of the public administration sector.

In accordance with Section 5, Classification of General Government Transactions, of the Application Guidelines budget classification of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 1, 2013 No. 65n, the classification of operations of the public administration sector is a grouping of accounting operations carried out in the public administration sector, revealing their economic content.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that the receipt of funds denominated in foreign currency (grants, donations etc.) to bank accounts opened for institutions in authorized banks, is subject to reflection in the accounting records of institutions according to the corresponding income code for the classification of operations of the general government sector (KOSGU code 130 “Income from the provision of paid services(works)”, KOSGU code 180 “Other income”).

The transfer of funds denominated in foreign currency from the accounts of institutions opened with authorized banks is reflected according to the corresponding codes for classifying operations of the general government sector (KOSGU code 200 “Expenses”, KOSGU code 300 “Receipts not financial assets»).

Operations for the purchase of foreign currency through authorized banks in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for the purposes of making payments (payment of travel expenses, import deliveries, etc.), as well as the mandatory sale to an authorized bank of a part foreign exchange earnings from the export of products (works, services) and unused balances foreign currency acquired for certain purposes are subject to reflection in the institution's accounting under the relevant codes 510 "Cash inflow" and 610 "Cash outflow" of the classification of operations of the general government sector.

Letter No. 02-06-007/54200 dated December 10, 2013 of the Ministry of Finance of Russia regulates the procedure for the issuance of foreign currency by budgetary (autonomous) institutions for travel expenses to employees for business trips abroad.

The procedure and amount of reimbursement of expenses related to business trips for employees of federal institutions, including the amount of daily allowance in foreign currency, are determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2005 No. 812 “On the amount and procedure for paying daily allowances in foreign currency and allowances for daily allowances in foreign currency on business trips on the territory of foreign states of employees of organizations financed from the funds federal budget". This Decree states that per diems for employees are provided in the foreign currency of the country to which the employee is sent on a business trip.

In accordance with paragraph 13 of the Instructions for the Application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for Accounting, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n, accounting is conducted in the currency of the Russian Federation - in rubles. Documentation of transactions with property, liabilities, as well as other facts of the economic activities of institutions, maintenance of accounting registers is carried out in Russian. Wherein source documents, entering the institution and compiled in foreign languages, must have a line-by-line translation into Russian for accounting purposes.

Thus, according to the requirements of the Instructions for accounting 157n, in order to maintain accounting records and generate reliable accounting (financial) statements, institutions engaged in foreign exchange transactions must simultaneously maintain records in the relevant foreign currency and in the ruble equivalent on the date of the transactions (for example, the numerator (foreign currency), denominator (ruble)) . At the same time, it must be taken into account that when an employee of an institution returns an unspent accountable amount expressed in foreign currency, it is subject to accounting in ruble equivalent at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in force on the date of depositing funds to the cash desk of the institution (clause 154 of Instruction No. 157n).

The specifics of accounting for assets and liabilities in foreign currency is the conversion of foreign currency into rubles, the establishment of the frequency of recalculation and the calculation and accounting of the exchange rate difference.

In accordance with federal law dated 06.12.2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting” and the Instruction on Accounting approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.12.2010 No. 157n, foreign currency is subject to conversion into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, effective on the date of transactions in foreign currency and date of compilation financial statements(last calendar day of the reporting period).

When revaluing assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in a foreign currency, the exchange rate difference is revealed in accounting. Exchange difference is the difference between the ruble valuation of the relevant assets or liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency, calculated at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of fulfillment of payment obligations or the reporting date of the financial statements for the reporting period, and the ruble valuation of these assets and liabilities, calculated at the exchange rate Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of their acceptance for accounting in reporting period or the reporting date of reporting for the previous reporting period.

To account for funds in foreign currency on foreign currency accounts in banking institutions, an accounting account is used 020127000 "Funds of an institution in foreign currency on accounts with a credit institution" in the case of carrying out these operations not through the bodies that carry out cash service execution of budgets. The same account also records transactions with foreign currency funds received from income-generating activities.

Accounting for operations on the acquisition of foreign currency to pay for monetary obligations and the sale of foreign currency is carried out by budgetary and autonomous institutions on the basis of supporting documents attached to bank statements of a foreign currency account.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that accounting for the movement of funds in foreign currency is kept in the currency of the Russian Federation at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of transactions in foreign currency. Revaluation of funds in foreign currency is carried out on the date of transactions in foreign currency and on the reporting date (the last day of the calendar month).

When reflecting operations on the movement of funds in foreign currency in the accounting records of the institution, it is necessary to take into account the disclosure of this information on off-balance accounts 17 "Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution" with the code KOSGU 510 and 18 "Disposal of funds from the accounts of the institution" with the code KOSGU 610 .

Operations on the receipt of funds of the institution, expressed in foreign currency, shall be reflected in the accounting of the institution in the following order:

write-off of funds from the personal account of the institution for the purchase of foreign currency in order to pay for the obligations assumed to foreign suppliers and contractors on the basis of international contracts is reflected:

Debit 0 20123 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in a credit institution on the way" and at the same time reflected in an off-balance sheet account 17 510

Credit 0 20111 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution from personal accounts in the treasury body",

020121610 "Disposals of funds of an institution from personal accounts in credit institutions."

At the same time, information on the withdrawal of funds from the personal accounts of the institution is simultaneously subject to disclosure on the off-balance sheet account. 18 Withdrawal of funds from the accounts of the institution "KOSGU code 610 ;

receipt of funds in foreign currency to a foreign currency account in a credit institution established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation for the purpose of carrying out banking operations with funds in foreign currency, after converting the currency of the Russian Federation, is reflected in the accounting of the institution:

Debit 020127 510 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution” KOSGU code 510

Credit 0 20123 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in a credit institution in transit" and at the same time an off-balance account 18 610 ;

crediting to the foreign currency account of an institution opened with an authorized bank of foreign exchange earnings under contracts for the provision of services, the performance of work to foreign customers in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, is reflected:

Debit 2 20127 510 and at the same time an off-balance account 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution” KOSGU code 130

Loan 2 20530 660 “Reduction of receivables on income from the provision of paid services (works)”;

crediting to the currency account of an institution opened with an authorized bank of international grants, grants of foreign states and public organizations denominated in foreign currency is reflected:

Debit 2 20127 510 “Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution” and at the same time an off-balance account 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution” KOSGU code 180

Loan 2 20580 660 “Reduction of accounts receivable on other income”;

the receipt of cash in foreign currency to a foreign currency account in a credit institution from the cash desk of the institution is reflected:

Debit 2 20127 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution"

Loan 2 20134 610 "Disposal of funds from the cash desk of the institution";

the receipt of funds in foreign currency from a letter of credit account to an account with a credit institution, within one business day, is reflected:

Debit 2 20127 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution"

Loan 2 20126 610 “Disposal of funds from a letter of credit account of an institution in a credit institution”;

receipt of funds in foreign currency in temporary disposal is reflected:

Debit 3 20127 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution"

Credit 3 30401 730 "Increase in accounts payable on funds received in temporary disposal."

Operations on the withdrawal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from the foreign currency account of the institution with a credit institution are reflected in the following order:

write-off from the foreign currency account of an institution opened in an authorized bank of foreign currency on the basis of an instruction from the institution for the sale of foreign currency (conversion of foreign currency into rubles) is reflected:

Debit 2 20123 510 “Receipts of funds of an institution in a credit institution on the way” and at the same time reflected on an off-balance account 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of an institution” KOSGU code 510

Loan 2 20127 610 18 "Disposal of funds from the accounts of the institution" code KOSGU 610;

transfer of the ruble equivalent to the personal account of the institution from the sale of foreign currency is reflected:

Debit 2 20111 510 "Receipts of funds of the institution to personal accounts in the treasury body";

220121 510 "Receipts of funds of the institution to personal accounts in credit institutions."

At the same time, information on the receipt of funds to the personal accounts of the institution is subject to disclosure simultaneously on the off-balance account 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution” KOSGU code 510

Loan 2 20113 610 “Disposal of funds of an institution in the treasury body on the way”;

220123 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in credit institutions in transit".

At the same time, information on the withdrawal of the institution's funds from personal accounts in transit is subject to disclosure simultaneously on the off-balance sheet account. 18 "Disposal of funds from the accounts of the institution" code KOSGU 610 ;

transfer of funds in foreign currency to the institution's letter of credit account within one business day is reflected:

Debit 2 20126 510 "Receipt of funds to the letter of credit account of the institution in the credit institution"

Loan 2 20127 610 “Disposal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution”;

the return of excessively received income denominated in foreign currency is reflected as intended:

Debit 2 20500 000 "Income Calculations"

Loan 2 20127 610 “Withdrawals of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution” and at the same time reflecting the amount of the return on an off-balance sheet account 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution” KOSGU code 610 with a minus sign;

the withdrawal of funds in foreign currency from a foreign currency account in a credit institution to the cash desk of the institution is reflected:

Debit 0 20134 510 "Receipts of funds to the cash desk of the institution" and at the same time reflected in the off-balance account 17 “Receipts of funds to the accounts of the institution” KOSGU code 510

Credit 0 20127 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution" and at the same time reflection on an off-balance sheet account 18 "Disposal of funds from the accounts of the institution" code KOSGU 610 ;

transfer of advance payment in foreign currency in accordance with the concluded state (municipal) contracts for the needs of the institution (fulfillment of a monetary obligation to a foreign counterparty) is reflected:

Debit 0 20600 000

the transfer of funds denominated in foreign currency to accountable persons, subject to a full report on the previously issued advance on the basis of their personal application for sending on business trips, is reflected:

Debit 0 20800 000 "Calculations on advances issued"

transfer of funds in payment of obligations for the supplied material assets, services rendered, work performed, as well as on other grounds on other creditors in accordance with state (municipal) agreements, including employees of the institution for monetary obligations assumed in relation to them, is reflected:

Debit 0 30200 000 "Calculations on accepted obligations"

the transfer of funds in foreign currency received by the institution for temporary disposal, upon the occurrence of certain conditions, is reflected:

Debit 3 30401 830 "Reduction of accounts payable on funds received in temporary disposal"

Credit 3 20127 610

The costs associated with the provision banking services for the purchase and sale of foreign currency (foreign currency conversion operations), are recognized in the accounting of the institution as a commission to the bank for the service provided on the basis of an agreement on banking service and appear in the following order:

accrual of commission to the bank in the amount of the obligation assumed for the services rendered:

Debit 0 40120 226 "Expenses for other services",

210960 226 "Cost of finished products, works, services"

Credit 0 30226 730 “Increase in accounts payable on settlements for payment of other services”;

write-off from the currency account of the institution of the commission fee to the bank for the performance of the functions of a currency control agent is reflected:

Debit 0 30226 830 "Reduction of accounts payable on settlements for payment of other services"

Exchange differences arising from the revaluation of foreign currency in a currency account are reflected on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) by the following accounting entries:

Positive exchange rate difference:

Debit 0 20127 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to the account of a credit institution"

Credit 0 40110 171 "Income from the revaluation of assets";

Negative foreign exchange difference:

Debit 0 40110 171 "Income from the revaluation of assets"

Credit 0 20127 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account in a credit institution."

Information on the balances of the institution's funds denominated in foreign currency at the beginning and end of the reporting period is contained in balance sheet budgetary and autonomous institution (f. 0503730) section 2 "Financial assets". This information is also subject to disclosure in the Certificate of cash balances in the bank accounts of the recipient of funds (form 0503779).

Information on the movement of funds of an institution denominated in foreign currency in the current period is subject to disclosure in the Report on the implementation of the financial and economic activity plan by the institution (form 0503737).

In accordance with the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 15, 2015 No. 02-07-07 / 21402, the procedure for reflecting in the Report on the implementation of the financial and economic activity plan by the institution (f. 0503737) operations for the acquisition and movement of foreign currency is provided, and an example is given for filling out Report related to transactions with foreign currency.

When institutions carry out illegal currency transactions in violation of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation, including the purchase and sale of foreign currency, the nominal value of which is indicated in foreign currency, bypassing authorized banks, as well as making settlements denominated in foreign currency not through authorized banks, entails administrative responsibility(Clause 1, Article 15.25 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses).

In 2019, the instructions for budget accounting were updated several times, and adjustments were made to the current procedure for the formation of KOSGU. All these innovations have changed the rules of accounting in state institutions.

In the article, we will consider the main typical wiring on operations for a government institution.

When working with accounts of a public institution, be based on:

Law No. 402-FZ;
instructions No. 157n and No. 162n;
federal standards BOO;
methodological recommendations, letters and explanations of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and other departments.

Fixed assets - receipt, movement, repair, departure

Reflect the costs of purchasing fixed assets on account 106 01. And registration - on account 101 00. If the time of registering the fixed asset and putting it into operation coincide, make the entries:

Dt 1 106 11 310 (KRB 1 106 31 310) Kt 1 302 31 73Х

- reflects the cost of property acquired for a fee, which will be taken into account as part of fixed assets;

Dt 1 106 11 310 (1 106 31 310) Kt 1 302 22 73X (1 302 28 73X)

- reflected the cost of acquiring property, which will be accounted for as fixed assets;

Dt 1 101 15 310 (1 101 35 310, 1 101 36 310) Cr 1 106 11 310 (1 106 31 310)

- fixed assets are taken into account at historical cost.

When commissioning (taking into account) movable property worth up to 10 thousand rubles. inclusive (except for the library fund), make additional entries:

Dt 1,401 20,271 Ct 1,101 36,410 (1,101 35,410, 1,101 38,410)

- written off from the balance sheet movable property worth up to 10,000 rubles. including during commissioning;

Increase in off-balance sheet 21

- movable property worth up to 10,000 rubles is taken into account on an off-balance account. inclusive.

The cost of repairing the fixed asset on your own reflect the postings:

Dt 1 401 20 272 Kt 1 105 36 440

Spare parts and other consumables for repairs are decommissioned.

If the repair was done by the contractor, reflect this in the accounting as follows:

Dt 1 401 20 272 Kt 1 105 3X 440

Transferred inventories to the contractor under the terms of the contract;

Dt 1 401 20 225 Kt 1 302 25 730

Compensation paid to the contractor for repairs;

Dt 1 302 25 830 Kt 1 304 05 225

The payment has been made to the contractor.

Write off fixed assets as follows:

Dt 1 104 35 411 KT 1 101 35 410

written off depreciation;

Dt 1 401 10 172 kt 1 101 35 410

Residual value written off;

At the same time, an increase in the off-balance sheet account 02

Dt 1 105 36 346 Kt 1 401 10 172

Spare parts delivered.

Simultaneously decrease the off-balance sheet account 02.

Intangible and non-produced assets

In accounting, purchase costs intangible assets reflect under article KOSGU 320, and non-produced assets - under article KOSGU 310.

To reflect the debt for the delivery, use the transactions:

Dt 1 106 32 320 Dt 1 302 32 73X

Intangible assets;

Dt 1 106 13 330 Kt 1 302 33 73X

non-produced assets.

Payment to suppliers from a personal account in the Federal Treasury, show the postings:

Dt 1 302 32 83X Kt 1 304 05 320

- for intangible assets;

Dt 1 302 33 83X Kt 1 304 05 330

- for non-produced assets

inventories

How to capitalize materiel on the balance sheet, how to put it into operation and write off, I will show with an example.

Example. A government institution purchased stationery in the amount of 50,000 rubles.

Accountant made in posting accounting.

DT 1,106 34,346 Kt 1,302 34,734

50 thousand rubles, kantovars were received;

Dt 1 105 36 346 Rt 1 106 34 346

50 thousand rubles, office supplies are taken into account;

Dt 1 302 34 834 Kt 1 304 05 346

50 thousand rubles, stationery paid.

Dt 1 401 20 272 Kt 1 105 36 446

Written off stationery for expenses according to the issuance sheet material assets for the needs of the institution (f. 0504210).

Settlements with personnel for payroll

Calculations for salaries, allowances, other payments, reflect in the accounting postings:

Dt 1,401 20,211 (1,109 XX 211, 1,106 XX 300) Cr 1,302 11,737

Salaries, allowances, and other benefits have been calculated.

Show payouts:

Dt 1 302 XX 837 Kt 1 304 05 200

Transferred to a bank account or employee card;

Dt 1 302 XX 837 Kt 1 201 34 610

Paid from cash.

To show social benefits in accounting, use the postings:

Dt 1,401 20,266 Kt 1,302 66,737

Paid in cash;

Dt 1,401 20,267 Kt 1,302 67,737

- paid in kind.

Settlements for payments to budgets

I'll show you some wiring as an example.

DT 1 302 XX 837 Kt 1 303 01 731

Personal income tax withheld from salaries, other payments and remuneration;

Dt 1 401 20 213 (1 109 X0 213, 1 106 XX 300) Kt 1 303 XX 731

Obligatory insurance premiums from payments to personnel under the codes of KOSGU 211, 212 and 214;

Dt 1 401 20 291 Kt 1 303 03 731

Corporate income tax charged.

Settlements with suppliers and contractors

Conduct settlements with counterparties on accounts 206.00 and 302.00. Using the example of communication services, I will show how to reflect their costs.

Dt 1 401 20 221 (1 109 XX 221, 1 106 XX 3XX) Kt 1 302 21 73X

Reflected the cost of communication services;

DT 1 302 21 83X Kt 1 206 21 66X

Obligations to pay for communication services were set off against the transferred advance payment.

Dt 1 210 12 561 Kt 1 302 21 73X

The amounts of input VAT are reflected;

DT 1 302 21 83X Kt 1 304 05 221

Paid for communication services from a personal account in the Federal Treasury;

DT 1 302 21 83X Kt 1 208 21 667

Paid for communication services through an accountant.

Settlements with debtors on income

Recognize income in accounting according to the rules of the GHS "Income". Please note that not all income falls under this standard. On account 205.00, take into account the planned income, as well as gratuitous receipts and proceeds from the sale of property:

income from paid works, services;
property income;
income from the sale of property: finished products, non-financial assets;
income from subsidies: for state assignments, for other purposes, for capital investments;
income from grants, donations, charitable contributions and other gratuitous receipts;
income from government functions.

For example, income from the lease of property for operating leases reflect as follows:

Dt 1 205 21 56X Kt 1 401 40 121

Income from products sold, work performed, services rendered:

Dt 1 205 31 56X kt 1 401 10 131

Settlements with accountants

Funds under the report can be issued in two ways: in cash through the cashier or on the bank card of the accountable person. Fix the chosen method in the constituent documents. And reflect the issuance of money in the report by postings:

Dt 1 208 XX 567 Kt 1 201 34 610

Funds were issued to the accountant from the cash desk;

Dt 1 208 XX 567 kt 1 304 05 200

The funds were transferred to the accountant from the personal account of the institution in the treasury to a bank card.

To accept expense report expense, use the transactions:

Dt 1 105 XX 34X Kt 1 208 34 667

Material stocks are taken into account;

Dt 1 106 XX 310 Kt 1 208 31 667

Matzapas are taken into account.

Property damage settlements

Indebtedness for damages on advances that the counterparty did not return upon termination of the contract / agreement with him, including by court decision, reflect the claim work as follows:

Dt 1 209 34 56X (1 209 36 56X) Kt 1 206 XX 66X

Compulsory seizure and compensation for harm:

Dt 1 209 41 56X kt 1 401 10 141 (1 401 40 141)

Debt on fines, penalties, forfeits for violation of the terms of contracts for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services, and other sanctions has been accrued.

Shortfalls, theft of assets:

dt 1 209 71 56X Kt 1 401 10 172

The debt was accrued at the fair value of property, plant and equipment.

Formation of reserves

How to reflect the formation of reserves for future expenses, see the table. I note that in the table, account 401.60 is given with analytics (401.61, 401.62, etc.), which was proposed by the Ministry of Finance in a letter dated May 20, 2015. No. 02-07-07/28998. To use this analytic, you need to pin it in your work chart of accounts.

	Accounting entry
	debit	credit
Formation of reserves
Reserve for vacation pay for hours actually worked:
- for holidays	KRB 1,401 20,211	KRB 1,401 61,211
- for insurance premiums	KRB 1,401 20,213	KRB 1,401 61,213
Reserve for payment of obligations for which settlement documents were not received on time:
- communication services	KRB 1,401 20,221 KRB 1 109 XX 221	KRB 1,401 62,221
- property repairs	KRB 1,401 20,225 KRB 1 109 XX 225	KRB 1 401 60 225
Use of reserves
Accrued expenses for which a provision was previously created:
- on payment of vacation pay, remuneration for long service	KRB 1,401 61,211	KRB 1,302 11,737
- payment of insurance premiums	KRB 1,401 61,213	KRB 1 303 XX 731

Validation

In order to pay expenses, state institutions accept and execute budgetary and monetary obligations. Such operations are referred to as the authorization of budget expenditures. Record these transactions in the accounts:

501.00 "Limits of budgetary obligations" - registration of limits of budgetary obligations;
503.00 "Budget appropriations" - acceptance for accounting of budget appropriations;
502.00 "Liabilities" - accounting for budgetary and monetary obligations.

Reflect the adjusted budget allocations on the accounting accounts in the context of budget classification codes. The amounts of budget allocations that are received from the GRBS (RBS) reflect as follows:

DT 1,503 15,000 Kt 1,503 13,000

- received budget allocations for the current year;

Dt 1,503 25,000 Kt 1,503 23,000

- received budget allocations for the next year;

Dt 1,503 35,000 Kt 1,503 33,000

– budget allocations for the second year following the current one have been received.

To accept obligations, reflect them on accounts: 502.01, 502.07 and 502.09. For example, to reflect the purchase commitments made from a single supplier with a notification in the EIS, make the following entries:

DT 1,501 13,000 KT 1,502 17,000

A notice of purchase at the expense of LBO has been posted;

Dt 1,503 13,000 KT 1,502 17,000

The notice was posted at the expense of budget appropriations.

DT 1,502 17,000 KT 1,502 11,000

Accepted budgetary obligations under the contract (on the day the contract was signed).

Transactions with temporary funds

Account for funds in temporary disposal on account 320111000, and their return on account 330401000. I will show the main transactions:

DT 3 201 11 510 KT 3 304 01 73X

- received money.

At the same time, an increase in off-balance account 17 (analytics code 510, KOSGU 510).

DT 3 304 01 83X KT 3 201 11 610

The funds were returned to the owner or transferred to their intended purpose.

At the same time, an increase in off-balance account 18 (analytics code 610, KOSGU 610).

State (municipal) institutions have the right to carry out cash settlements not only in the currency of the Russian Federation, but also in foreign currency. As a rule, the latter arise when paying off obligations to foreign suppliers, sending employees on business trips abroad, and performing other operations arising in the course of financial and economic activities. We will talk about the features of accounting for operations related to the crediting and debiting of funds in foreign currency, as well as currency conversion operations, in this article.

According to clause 42 of Instruction N 162n * (1): to account for funds for budgetary activity income-generating activities in foreign currency on accounts with a credit institution, account 0 201 27 000 “Funds of an institution in foreign currency on accounts with a credit institution” is used.
It should be noted that transactions on the movement of funds in foreign currency are simultaneously kept in the relevant foreign currency and the currency of the Russian Federation at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the ruble equivalent) on the date of the transactions.

The ruble equivalent of the balance of funds in foreign currencies as of the reporting date (date of formation of accounting registers) is reflected in accounting in the currency of the Russian Federation at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of the reporting date (date of formation of accounting registers). To reflect transactions in foreign currency in ruble equivalent, it is necessary to re-evaluate them, which is carried out on the date of transactions in foreign currency and on the reporting date. The positive (negative) exchange differences that have arisen during the revaluation are attributed to an increase (decrease) in funds on the institution's accounts in foreign currency with the attribution of exchange rate differences to the financial result of the current financial year from the revaluation of assets (clause 154 of Instruction N 157n * (2)).
In accordance with clause 54 of Instruction N 162n, the exchange difference is reflected in the following accounting entries:
- positive:
Account debit 0 201 27 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution"
Account credit 0 401 10 171 "Income from revaluation of assets"
- negative:
Debit account 0 401 10 171 "Income from revaluation of assets"
Account credit 0 201 27 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution"
Analytical accounting for account 0 201 27 000 is kept in the context of accounts opened for the institution in the card for accounting for funds and settlements (f. 0504051) or the journal of operations with non-cash funds (f. 0504071). Accounting for cash flow transactions on the specified account is kept in the journal of operations with non-cash funds on the basis of documents attached to account statements and a certificate (f. 0504833) issued when calculating the exchange rate difference (clauses 179, 180 of Instruction N 157n) .

Receipt and disposal of funds in foreign currency

Receipts of funds in foreign currency to the accounts of a credit institution are documented on the basis of documents attached to account statements by reflecting in the debit of account 0 201 27 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution" and credit (clause 52 Instructions N 162n):
- accounts 0 201 23 510 "Receipts of funds of an institution in a credit institution on the way" - upon receipt of funds to the main manager, manager, recipient budget funds to make payments in accordance with the budget schedule;
- corresponding accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 207 00 000 "Settlements on credits, loans (loans)" (0 207 11 640, 0 207 13 640, 0 207 14 640, 0 207 21 640, 0 207 23 640, 0 207 24 640 , 0 207 31 640, 0 207 33 640) - upon receipt of funds for the repayment of loans and credits;
- relevant analytical accounts of account 0 301 00 000 "Settlements with creditors on debt obligations" (0 301 11 710 - 0 301 14 710, 0 301 21 710, 0 301 23 720, 0 301 24 720, 0 301 31 710, 0 301 33 720, 0 301 42 720, 0 301 43 720, 0 301 44 720) - upon receipt of funds associated with the emergence of debt obligations;
- accounts 0 201 34 610 "Disposal from the cash desk of the institution", the corresponding accounts of the analytical accounting of accounts 0 206 00 000 "Settlements on advances issued" (0 206 21 660 - 0 206 26 660, 0 206 31 660 - 0 206 34 660, 0 206 41 660, 0 206 51 660, 0 206 61 660, 0 206 62 660, 0 206 91 660) funds in the reporting year to restore expenses, to pay off receivables;
- corresponding accounts of analytical accounting of accounts 0 205 00 000 "Income calculations" (0 205 11 660, 0 205 21 660, 0 205 31 660, 0 205 41 660, 0 205 51 660 - 0 205 53 660, 0 205 61 660 , 0 205 71 660 - 0 205 75 660, 0 205 81 660), 0 401 10 100 "Income of an economic entity" - upon receipt of funds related to the transfer of income administered by the institution to the currency account of the institution.
The withdrawal of funds in foreign currency is reflected in the credit of account 0 201 27 610 "Disposal of funds of an institution in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution" and debit (clauses 52, 53 of Instruction No. 162n):
- corresponding accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 304 04 000 "Intradepartmental settlements" (0 304 04 211 - 0 304 04 213, 0 304 04 221 - 0 304 04 226, 0 304 04 261 - 0 304 04 263, 0 304 04 231. 0 304 04 232 0 304 04 241 0 304 04 242 0 304 04 251 - 0 304 04 253 0 304 04 290 0 304 04 310 - 0 304 04 340 0 304 04 520 - 0 304 04 810, 0 304 04 820) - when transferring funds to institutions under the jurisdiction of the chief manager, manager of budget funds;
- relevant accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 206 00 000 "Settlements on advance payments" (0 206 21 560 - 0 206 26 560, 0 206 31 560 - 0 206 34 560, 0 206 91 560) - when transferring advance payment in accordance with concluded contracts for the acquisition of material assets, the performance of works (services), the implementation of other payments;
- relevant accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 302 00 000 "Settlements on assumed obligations" (0 302 21 830 - 0 302 26 830, 0 302 31 830 - 0 302 34 830, 0 302 91 830) - when transferring funds to pay bills suppliers for the supplied material assets, services rendered;
- corresponding accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 207 00 000 "Settlements on credits, loans (loans)" (0 207 11 540, 0 207 13 540, 0 207 14 540, 0 207 21 540, 0 207 23 540, 0 207 24 540 , 0 207 31 540, 0 207 33 540) - when providing loans;
- corresponding accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 207 00 000 "Settlements on credits, loans (loans)" (0 207 11 540, 0 207 13 540, 0 207 14 540, 0 207 21 540, 0 207 23 540, 0 207 24 540 , 0 207 31 540, 0 207 33 540) - when transferring funds under state and municipal guarantees, for which equivalent claims arise from the guarantor against the debtor;
- accounts 0 401 20 290 "Other expenses" - when transferring funds under state and municipal guarantees, for which there are no equivalent claims from the guarantor against the debtor;
- relevant analytical accounts of account 0 301 00 000 "Settlements with creditors on debt obligations" (0 301 11 810 - 0 301 14 810. 0 301 21 810. 0 301 23 810. 0 301 24 810. 301 33 820, 0 301 42 820, 0 301 43 820, 0 301 44 820) - when repaying debt obligations;
- accounts 0 201 34 510 "Receipts to the cash desk of the institution", 0 201 26 510 "Receipts of funds to the letter of credit account of the institution in the credit institution", the corresponding accounts of the analytical accounting of the account 0 401 10 100 "Income of an economic entity", 0 303 00 000 "Settlements on payments to the budgets" (0 303 04 830, 0 303 05 830), 0 304 03 830 "Reduction of accounts payable on deductions from wage payments", 0 304 02 830 "Reduction of accounts payable on settlements with depositors" - upon withdrawal funds to the cash desk of the institution, as well as making other payments from the account.

Example 1
The government agency received foreign currency (20,000 euros) from the budget to purchase equipment from a foreign supplier. According to the supply contract, the cost of the equipment is 19,800 euros, 30% of which the institution must transfer in advance. The value of the exchange rate changed as follows (the data are given conditionally):
- as of the date of transfer of funds by the main manager and transfer of currency to the account of the institution - 40.2200 rubles / euro;
- as of the date of debiting advance payments from the institution's currency account - 40.0000 rubles/euro;
- as of the date of debiting the currency account of the institution of funds on account of the final settlement with the supplier - 39.2841 rubles / euro;
- as of the reporting date - 41.2500 rubles/euro.
In accounting, operations for crediting and debiting funds from a foreign currency account will be reflected in the following accounting entries:

Amount, EUR/RUB

At the main manager

Transfer of federal budget funds in foreign currency on the basis of a payment document (application-order of the chief administrator)

At the recipient of budgetary funds (in the institution)

Receipt of funds to a foreign currency account for making payments in accordance with the budget schedule:

Write-off of funds from a personal account in the treasury body

Receipt of funds to a foreign currency account

Recalculation of foreign exchange funds on the date of transfer of advance payments (reflecting a negative exchange rate difference, in RUB) EUR 20,000 x (40.0000 - 40.2200) RUB/EUR

Transfer of advance payments from a foreign currency account (19,800 EUR x 30% x 40.0000 RUB/EUR)

Recalculation of foreign exchange funds on the date of the final settlement with the supplier (reflecting a negative exchange difference, in RUB) ((20,000 - 5,940) EUR x (39.2841 - 40.0000) RUB/EUR

Final settlement made with the supplier (19,800 - 5,940) EUR x 39.2841 RUB/EUR

13 860/544 477,63

Recalculation of the balance of foreign currency at the reporting date (reflection of a positive exchange difference, RUB) (20,000 - 19,800) EUR x (41.2500 - 39.2841) RUB/EUR

Income must be made on the basis of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of February 27, 2018 No. 32n, which approved the next Federal Accounting Standard for organizations public sector“Revenues” (hereinafter referred to as the standard, GHS “Revenues”). The provisions of the named standard (as well as other previously approved federal standards) are new for institutions, and therefore it will take time to comprehend them. In this article, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the basic rules in advance. this document relating to sports institutions.

Foreword

Currently, income accounting in state (municipal) institutions is carried out in accordance with accounting instructions (depending on the type of institution). These documents provide accounts for accounting for income and correspondence accounts to reflect transactions related to them, as well as general order assessment and recognition of income. Recall it (p. 295 - 297 of Instruction No. 157n):

1. Income is assessed at the sale price, the amount of the transaction specified in the contract.

2. Recognition of income is carried out on an accrual basis.

3. The date of recognition is determined by the date of transfer of ownership of the service, goods, finished products, work. When performing work, rendering services under long-term contracts, which indicate the stages of implementation, if it is impossible to determine the date of transfer of ownership, a uniform allocation of income and expenses to the financial result of the institution's activities or their write-off is applied in accordance with the estimate or plan of financial and economic activities.

4. At the end of the financial year, the amounts of accrued income reflected in the relevant accounts financial result current financial year are closed on the financial result of previous reporting periods.

Since the income of an institution can be from different sources of funding, the procedure for recognizing them is different. As a rule, institutions provide in the accounting policy for certain types of income the features of their accounting.

What will change in 2019 in connection with the transition to the GHS "Income", we will consider further.

Income classification in 2019

By virtue of the new standard, the income of state (municipal) institutions is distributed by accounting groups. In addition, GHS “Income” does not apply to certain types of income.

Note: accounting group of income - a set of income depending on their economic content with similar principles of recognition in accounting and evaluation, information about which is disclosed separately in the accounting (financial) statements (Clause 6 of the GHS "Income").

Separate accounting groups are income from exchange and non-exchange transactions (see below).

Thus, the main income of sports institutions are included in the accounting group of income from exchange operations. At the same time, the institutions also receive income from non-exchange transactions. More details on the criteria for attributing to certain incomes will be discussed below.

It should be noted that the standard does not apply to income arising from (clause 4 of the GHS “Income”):

receiving material assets under a contract for gratuitous use;

receiving dividends declared (paid) by the investment object, accounted for using the equity method;

sales of stocks other than merchandise, finished products and biological products;

sale of fixed assets and intangible assets;

changes in the fair value of financial assets and liabilities or their disposal;

initial recognition of biological assets and biological products and changes in the fair value of such assets and products;

changes in the fair value of other non-financial assets;

changes in foreign exchange rates against the ruble.

Recognition and measurement of income

Section III of the GHS "Income" sets out the general (basic) provisions for the recognition and assessment of income, and in section. IV and V clarified the features of income recognition depending on the accounting group and type of income. Further about everything in order.

General provisions

Income for accounting purposes is recognized as a result of exchange or non-exchange transactions or the occurrence of events (hereinafter - transactions (events)), as a result of which economic benefits or useful potential are expected to be received, provided that their amount ( monetary value) can be reliably determined (clause 7 of the GHS “Income”).

Incomes received (accrued) in the reporting period, but related to future reporting periods, are recognized for the purposes of accounting, formation and public disclosure of indicators of accounting (financial) statements as deferred income.

Income recognition criteria , established by the GHS "Income", are applied separately to each fact of economic life (operation, event), as a result of which income arises.

In the event of the occurrence of income within transactions (events) consisting of transactions (events) that are separately allocated according to the economic content, income from such separately allocated transactions (events) for accounting purposes is classified (refer to a separate accounting group of income) based on their economic content. and the income recognition criteria provided by the standard for the relevant income accounting group.

In the event that it is not possible to attribute income arising from a separate transaction (event) to a separate accounting group of income (qualify a transaction (event) according to its economic content), the income recognition criteria are applied simultaneously to two or more related transactions (events).

Income received as a result of the exchange of products.

With regard to such income (for example, received under an exchange agreement, barter), it is necessary to pay attention to the following provisions:

1. When selling products (works, services) in exchange for other excellent products (works, services), the exchange is recognized as an operation that generates the income of the institution (Clause 9 of the GHS “Income”).

2. In the event that products (works, services) are exchanged in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation for products (works, services) similar in nature and cost without making cash payments, the exchange is not considered an operation that generates the income of the institution (clause 10 of the GHS “Income ").

Doubtful income.

In accordance with paragraph 11 of the GHS “Income”, the amount of recognized income, for which a receivable was revealed that was not fulfilled by the debtor (payer) on time and does not meet the criteria for recognition of an asset (hereinafter referred to as doubtful debt), is adjusted with the formation of a provision for doubtful debt. At the same time, accounting for doubtful debts is carried out by the institution on off-balance accounts of the working chart of accounts approved by it.

The write-off from the balance (off-balance) accounting of doubtful debts on income is carried out on the basis of a decision of the commission for the receipt and disposal of assets in the presence of documents confirming the uncertainty regarding the receipt of economic benefits or useful potential.

In the event that a decision has been made in relation to income debt to recognize it as uncollectible, such debt is written off from the balance sheet (off-balance sheet) accounting of the accounting entity with a simultaneous decrease in income of the current reporting period (reduction of the allowance for doubtful debts).

Termination of recognition (withdrawal from balance sheet (off-balance sheet) accounting) of debt on income as uncollectible is carried out on the basis of a decision of the commission of the institution for the receipt and disposal of assets if there are documents confirming the termination of obligations to pay the debt, the right to collect debt and (or) uncertainty regarding the receipt economic benefits or useful potential.

Income estimate.

In accordance with paragraph 12 of the GHS "Income", income is estimated by the subject of accounting in the full amount of the expected receipt of economic benefits and (or) useful potential contained in the asset.

In order to determine the amount of income, the following are carried out:

a) adjustment for the amount of discounts or benefits provided;

b) adjustment for the discount rate, if the receipt of cash or cash equivalents is expected within a period exceeding 12 months from the date of recognition of income. Used as the discount rate key rate Central Bank of the Russian Federation, effective on the reporting date.

Criteria and features of recognition of income from non-exchange transactions

Income from gratuitous receipts from budgets are recognized (clause 25 of the GHS "Income"):

income from grants, subsidies, subventions and other intergovernmental transfers from other budgets budget system RF, as well as the return of unused interbudgetary transfers;

income from receiving gratuitous and irrevocable transfers provided by supranational organizations and governments of foreign states;

income from receiving gratuitous and non-refundable transfers provided by international financial organizations.

By virtue of paragraph 28 of the GHS “Income”, income from interbudgetary transfers provided without conditions upon the transfer of assets is recognized in accounting upon the fact of the emergence of the right to receive them:

in the part relating to the current period - income of the current reporting period;

in the part relating to future periods - deferred income.

Income from intergovernmental transfers provided with conditions upon the transfer of assets is recognized in accounting upon the fact of the emergence of the right to receive them as deferred income. Deferred income from interbudgetary transfers is recognized as income from interbudgetary transfers of the current reporting period to the extent that the conditions for the transfer of assets in the part related to the reporting period are met.

The procedure for recognizing receipts from supranational organizations, governments of foreign states and international financial institutions as income is set out in paragraphs 29 - 31 of the GHS "Income".

Note: conditions for the transfer of assets - the conditions established by the transferring party during the transfer of assets, according to which the future economic benefits or useful potential inherent in the transferred assets must be used by the transferee of assets for their intended purpose, including the achievement of specified results, in case of failure to fulfill which the transferred assets must be returned to the transferring party in whole or in part (Clause 6 of the GHS “Revenues”).

Income from fines, penalties, forfeits, damages.

By virtue of clause 32 of the GHS “Income”, such income includes economic benefits or useful potential received or expected to be received from administrative payments and fines, penalties, forfeits, compensation for damage in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

These incomes are recognized in the accounting records as of the date when the claim to the payer of fines, penalties, forfeits, the claim for damages arises, in particular upon the entry into force of the issued resolution (decision) in the case of an administrative offense, the ruling on the imposition of court fine, upon presentation to the payer of a document establishing the right to claim for the payment of forfeits (fines, penalties) provided for by the contract (agreement, agreement) in the amount indicated in the relevant documents (clauses 34, 35 of the CGS "Income").

Other income from non-exchange transactions.

Such receipts include income not listed in paragraphs 13, 19, 25, 32 of the GHS "Income" (not related to taxes, insurance premiums, intergovernmental transfers, fines, compensation for losses).

According to paragraph 37 of the GHS “Income”, the object of accounting for other income from non-exchange transactions are certain types of income from non-exchange transactions, taking into account their designated purpose(conditions for the transfer of assets), based on the economic content of non-exchange transactions according to the budget classification of the Russian Federation. For example, such income includes grants, subsidies (with the exception of subsidies for the execution of a state task), donations, gratuitous receipt of property.

Recognition in accounting of such income is carried out by accounting entities that receive assets (economic benefits) from non-exchange transactions.

In the table, we present the procedure for recognizing other income from non-exchange transactions, depending on the types of income and the stipulated conditions for their transfer.

Types of other income from non-exchange transactions	Procedure (moment) of recognition in accounting
Free cash receipts (including subsidies and grants) received without conditions on the transfer of assets	As part of the income of the current reporting period upon the fact of the emergence of the right to receive them from the transferring party in the part related to the reporting period (Clause 39 of the GHS "Income")
Free receipt of property (except for cash) without conditions when transferring assets	As part of the income of the current reporting period upon receipt of property from the transferring party (clause 39 of the CGS "Income")
Income from gratuitous receipts of funds (including subsidies and grants) or income from gratuitously received other assets provided on conditions upon the transfer of an asset	As part of deferred income at the time the right to receive them arises. As the conditions for the transfer of assets are realized, in the part related to the reporting period, from gratuitous receipts are recognized in accounting as part of the income of the current reporting period (clause 40 of the CGS "Income")

In paragraphs 41 - 43 of the GHS "Revenues" the features of the recognition of other income from non-exchange transactions are explained:

1.Reflection in the accounting of the financial result (accrual of income) from the disposal of the obligation in connection with the forgiveness of a debt (an obligation for the fulfillment of which the disposal of assets is not expected due to the termination of the claim of a creditor who is not the founder (owner) of the accounting entity) is carried out on the date of derecognition of the obligation (in the current year).

2. Reflection in the accounting of income in case of gratuitous receipt of assets (material assets) carried at fair value at the date they are received. When recording income from such non-exchange transactions, the methods for determining the fair value of gratuitously received assets are used, provided for by regulatory legal acts regulating accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements.

3. Reflection in accounting of income upon receipt of works and services provided by individuals or legal entities institution through a non-exchange transaction (that is, free of charge), is not carried out, provided that information about this is disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements in accordance with the standard (discussed below).

Criteria and features of recognition of income from exchange transactions

Property income.

In accordance with clause 44 of the GHS “Income”, such income includes, in particular:

income in the form of payment for the transfer of state and municipal property for compensation;

income in the form of interest on cash balances in accounts;

income from the transfer of state and municipal property to trust management;

income from providing budget loans, loans;

other incomes provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation from the use of assets in the form of state or municipal property.

The above property income, with the exception of rental income, is recognized in accounting as part of the income of the current reporting period in the assessment provided for by the terms of agreements (contracts, agreements) (clause 46 of the CGS “Income”).

The procedure for recognizing and evaluating income arising from lease agreements (property lease) or gratuitous use agreements is regulated by the SGS "Lease".

Sales revenue.

According to clause 48 of the GHS “Income”, sales income includes income from the sale of goods, finished products, biological products, as well as income from the provision (performance) of services (works), including services (works), financial security which is carried out at the expense of a subsidy for the implementation of the state (municipal) task.

Such income is recognized in accounting on the date of fulfillment of all the following conditions (clause 51 of the GHS “Income”):

a) the accounting entity has transferred to the buyer significant risks and rewards associated with the possession of goods, finished products, biological products;

b) the subject of accounting does not retain actual control over the goods, finished products, biological products;

c) the subject of accounting has the right to receive economic benefits or useful potential associated with the operation;

d) the amount of income can be measured reliably.

At the same time, paragraphs 52 - 54 provide for the features of the assessment and recognition of the following income:

1. Income from the sale of goods, finished products, biological products are recognized in accounting in an amount equal to the expected flow of economic benefits and useful potential contained in the asset.

2. Income from the provision of services (performance of work) are recognized in accounting as part of the income of the current reporting period as of the date the right to receive them arises in an amount equal to the expected receipt of economic benefits and (or) useful potential contained in the asset.

3. Subsidies for the implementation of the state (municipal) task are recognized in accounting as deferred income on the date the right to receive them arises (that is, on the date the agreement is concluded). Further, deferred income from subsidies is recognized in accounting as part of income from the sale of the current reporting period as the state (municipal) assignment is fulfilled.

Disclosure of information about income in reporting

AT explanatory note the following information on income is disclosed to the annual accounting (financial) statements (Clause 55 of the GHS “Income”):

a) about the provisions accounting policy establishing the features of recognition of income by the subject of accounting;

b) on income by groups, subgroups, depending on the economic content, with the separation of the amounts of benefits (discounts) provided;

c) on income from gifts, donations and other gratuitously received valuables recognized in the current reporting period, and the nature of these valuables;

d) on the main types of services (works) received free of charge;

e) on the amounts of receivables recognized for non-exchange transactions;

f) on the amounts of changes in deferred income by types of income;

g) on the amounts of obligations for advance receipts.

At the same time, it is necessary to separately disclose information on income from income-generating activities and on income received in the form of subsidies for financial support for the implementation of state (municipal) tasks.

Pursuant to paragraph 58 of the GHS “Revenue”, retrospective disclosure of comparable information is not required on the first application of the standard.

In conclusion, we highlight the main points.

Starting from 2019, income accounting is carried out in accordance with the GHS “Income” in the context of income from exchange and non-exchange transactions. The standard provides criteria and features for the recognition and evaluation of certain types of income. However, the standard does not apply to income received from the sale of non-financial assets due to changes in the value of assets and liabilities, exchange rates and other similar income.

Among the features of the recognition of certain types of income, the following innovations (significantly changing the current procedure) can be distinguished:

1. The amount of recognized income for which doubtful debts are identified is adjusted with the formation of a provision for doubtful debts. At the same time, accounting for doubtful debts is carried out on off-balance accounts of the working chart of accounts approved by the institution. Probably, from 2019, appropriate amendments will be made to Instruction No. 157n.

2. Subsidies for the fulfillment of the state task are recognized in accounting as deferred income on the date the right to receive them arises (regardless of when the agreement is concluded). Further, deferred income from subsidies is reflected in accounting as part of the income of the current reporting period as the state (municipal) task is fulfilled.

Information on income is subject to disclosure in the accounting (financial) statements, unless otherwise provided by other federal standards and instructions for accounting and preparation of financial statements.