UDC 338.001.36

Mikhaleva Olga Valerievna, 3rd year student of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Kursk State University e-mail: [email protected]

ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE BUDGET OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR

PERIOD 2013-2015

Annotation: The article touches upon topical issues of formation of the structure of incomes and expenditures of the federal budget. Data on the structure of the federal budget for 2013-2015 are presented and analyzed, as well as an analysis of the structure and dynamics of development of budget revenues and expenditures Russian Federation for the period under review. The article uses data from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Keywords: federal budget, federal budget revenues, federal budget expenditures.

Mikhaleva Olga Valer"evna, student of the 3rd course of the faculty of Economics and management, Kursk state University e-mail: [email protected]

ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE BUDGET OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR THE PERIOD 2013-2015.

Summary: in the article topical issues of formation of the structure of incomes and expenditures of the Federal budget. Presented and analyzed data on the structure of the Federal budget for 2013-2015., also provided analysis of the structure and dynamics of the revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Russian Federation during the period under review. The article uses data from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: Federal budget, Federal budget revenues, expenditures of the Federal budget.

The formation and approval of a balanced budget is the primary function of the Ministry of Finance and the Government of the Russian Federation. In the state budget, the balance of income and expenditure of the country is very important. It is on this factor that the economic stability of the state depends, so the question of the ratio of income and expenditure of the country's budget always remains relevant.

Based on the data presented in the document “The main directions of the budget policy for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017”, we can analyze and draw certain conclusions about

POLICY, ECONOMY AND INNOVATION. 1(3), 2016______

dynamics of income and expenses state budget for the period 2013-2015

Table 1 presents the indicators of revenues and expenditures of the state budget for the period 2013-2017.

Table 1. Structure of the federal budget

Indicator 2013 (report) 2014 Law 201 FZ* 2015 Law 349-FZ 2016 Law 349-FZ

Income, total 13019.9 14238.8 14564.9 15905.7

% of GDP 19.5 19.9 18.3 18.3

Expenses, total: 13342.9 13960.1 15361.5 16392.2

% of GDP 20.0 19.5 20.0 18.9

Source: Official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.minfin.ru/ru.

Data for the period under review 2013-2015 can also be presented in the form of a graph (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Dynamics of expenditures and revenues of the state budget in 2013-2015 Source: own development

In 2013-2015 there is a decrease in federal budget revenues from 19.5% of GDP in 2013 to 18.3% in 2015, mainly due to a decrease in oil and gas revenues. Although in absolute terms the indicator of budget revenues is growing, so in 2013 this figure amounted to 13019.9 billion rubles, in 2014 -14238.8 billion rubles, and in 2015 - 14564.9 billion rubles .

At the same time, the general indicator of state budget expenditures for the analyzed period also tends to increase in absolute terms. Thus, in 2014, this growth in 2014 compared to 2013 amounted to 617.2 billion rubles, and in 2015 the figure increased by another 1401.4

POLICY, ECONOMY AND INNOVATION. 1(3), 2016

billion rubles and stopped at around 15361.5 billion rubles. Despite the growth in the absolute indicator of budget expenditures, the percentage of GDP decreases from 20.0% of GDP in 2013 to 19.3% in 2015.

Also, within the framework this document we have the opportunity to examine in more detail the structure and dynamics of federal budget revenues (tab. 2).

More clearly the ratio of oil and gas and non-oil and gas revenues for the period 2013-2015. can be observed on the graph (see Fig. 2).

Table 2. Federal budget revenues

billion, rubles

Indicator 2013 2014 | 2015 | 2016 2017

report %% GDP Law 201-FZ %% GDP forecast %% GDP forecast %% GDP forecast %% GDP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Income, total 13,019.9 19.5 14,238.8 19.9 14,923.9 19.6 15,493.2 18.8 16,272.7 18.1

including;

Oil and gas revenues b 534.0 9.8 7,480.2 10.5 7,520.6 9.9 7,516.1 9D 7,590.9 3.4

including;

MET 2,514.5 3.8 2,917.1 4D 3,052.4 4.0 3,209.6 3.9 3,251.5 3.6

Customs duties 4,019.5 6.0 4,563.1 6.4 4,468.2 5.9 4,306.5 5.2 4,339.4 4.8

Non-oil revenues 6,485.9 9.7 6,758.6 9.5 7,403.3 9.7 7,977.1 9.7 8,681.8 9.7

including;

Corporate income tax 352.2 0.5 363.2 0.5 380.6 0.5 403.8 0.5 449.6 0.5

VAT 3,539.0 5.3 3,711.9 5.2 4,202.4 5.5 4,704.3 5.7 5,283.9 5.9

Excises 524.4 0.8 664.9 0.9 797.0 1.0 933.7 1.1 1,036.5 1.2

MET (excluding oil and gas revenues) 20.7 0.0 20.3 0.0 22.4 0.0 23.0 0.0 23.8 0.0

Customs duties (excluding oil and gas REVENUES) 722.3 1.1 711.1 1.0 707.8 0.9 686.2 0.8 664.7 0.7

Dividends on shares. belonging to the Russian Federation 134.8 0.2 139.1 0.2 229.1 0.3 152.1 0.2 167.3 0.2

Other non-oil and gas revenues 1,192.5 1.8 1,148.1 1.6 1,064.0 1.4 1,074.0 1.3 1,056.0 1.2

Source: Official site of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.minfin.ru/ru.

Having reviewed and analyzed the data in Table 2 and Figure 2, we can draw the following conclusions: in 2013, the ratio of oil and gas and non-oil and gas revenues does not have a huge gap between the indicators, they amount to 6534 billion rubles. and 6485.9 billion rubles. respectively.

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Rice. 2. The ratio of oil and gas and non-oil and gas revenues of the state budget for the period 2013-2015

Source: own development

During the analyzed period, the ratio of oil and gas and non-oil and gas revenues has changed dramatically. So, if in the structure of budget revenues in 2014, oil and gas revenues dominated and accounted for 52.5% of budget revenues or 7480.2 billion rubles. in absolute terms, and not oil and gas revenues accounted for 47.5% of total budget revenues or 6758.6 billion rubles.

In 2015, the structure of budget revenues is changing and we are seeing the opposite picture: the volume of oil and gas revenues amounted to 6818.6 billion rubles. or 46.8% of total budget revenues, and not oil and gas revenues, on the contrary, increased to 7746.3 billion rubles. and amounted to 53.2% of the total budget revenues.

The decrease in the projected receipt of oil and gas revenues as a percentage of GDP in 2014-2015 is due to a decrease in export prices for natural gas, oil production volumes, and export volumes of goods produced from oil.

We can analyze the volume and structure of budget expenditures according to the data presented in Table 3 “Structure and dynamics of federal budget expenditures by sections of expenditure classification”.

In general, the structure of federal budget expenditures in 2014-2015 did not undergo significant changes.

Still the biggest specific gravity federal budget expenditures are occupied by expenditures on the social sphere (25.1-27.3%), as well as expenditures on national defense, national security and law enforcement (32.5-33.9%).

At the same time, it should be noted a gradual decrease in the share of federal budget expenditures to support the national economy from 15.9% in 2014 to 14.5% in 2015.

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Table 3 Structure and dynamics of federal budget expenditures by sections of expenditure classification_______________________________________________

2014 2015 2016

Law 201 FZ (billion rubles) % of the total volume Project (billion rubles) % of the previous year % of the total volume Project (billion rubles) % of the previous year % of the total volume

Total: 13960.1 100.0 15252.3 109.3 100.0 15975.5 104.7 100.0

National issues 1013.9 7.3 1105.5 109.0 7.2 1134.3 102.6 7.1

National defense 2470.6 17.7 3031.3 122.7 19.9 3339.8 110.2 20.9

National security and law enforcement activities. 2065.7 14.8 2140.9 103.6 14.0 2122.4 99.1 13.3

National Economy 2219.0 15.9 2205.5 99.4 14.5 1996.9 90.5 12.5

Housing and communal farm 123.3 0.9 122.6 99.5 0.8 79.3 64.6 0.5

Security environment 54,5 0,4 49,0 89,8 0,3 51,6 105,3 0,3

Education 640.2 4.6 610.5 95.4 4.0 623.1 102.1 3.9

Culture, cinematography 97.9 0.7 95.9 98.0 0.6 96.7 100.8 0.6

Healthcare 480.8 3.4 391.0 81.3 2.6 396.5 101.4 2.5

Social politics 3506,4 25,1 4168,3 118,9 27,3 4344,7 104,2 27,2

Physical culture and sports 77.3 0.6 102.9 133.2 0.7 97.4 94.6 0.6

Media 72.7 0.5 54.0 74.3 0.4 48.6 90.0 0.3

State service. and municipality. debt 432.4 3.1 459.7 106.3 3.0 529.2 115.1 3.3

Interbudget transfers 705.4 5.1 715.2 101.4 4.7 715.4 100.0 4.5

Conditionally approved expenses 399.4 2.5

Annex 1. Standards for the distribution of income between the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 Standards for crediting to the budget of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug income from federal taxes, including those provided for by special tax regimes, and fees collected on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug for 2015 and for the planned period of 2016 and 2017 Annex 4. Standards for the distribution of income from excises for automobile and straight-run gasoline, diesel fuel, motor oils for diesel and (or) carburetor (injection) engines produced in the territory of the Russian Federation, to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 top domestic furnace water produced from diesel fractions of direct distillation and (or) secondary origin, boiling in the temperature range from 280 to 360 degrees Celsius, produced on the territory of the Russian Federation, for 2015 Appendix 6. List of chief administrators of federal budget revenues Appendix 8. Departmental structure of federal budget expenditures for 2015 Appendix 8.1. Change in the departmental structure of federal budget expenditures for 2015, provided for in Appendix 8 to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017" Appendix 8.2. Changes in the departmental structure of federal budget expenditures for 2015 provided for in Appendix 8 to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2015 and for the Planning Period of 2016 and 2017" Appendix 11. Departmental Structure of Federal Budget Expenditures for the Planning Period of 2016 and 2017 Appendix 14.1. Change in the distribution of budget allocations by sections, subsections, target articles ( government programs Russian Federation and non-program areas of activity), groups of types of expenses of the classification of federal budget expenses for 2015, provided for in Appendix 14 to federal law"On the federal budget for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017" Appendix 14.2. Change in the distribution of budget allocations by sections, subsections, target items (state programs of the Russian Federation and non-program areas of activity), groups of types of expenses of the classification of federal budget expenses for 2015, provided for in Appendix 14 to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2015 and for the planning period 2016 and 2017" Annex 18.1. Change in the distribution of budget appropriations by target items (state programs of the Russian Federation and non-program areas of activity), groups of types of expenditures, sections, subsections of the classification of federal budget expenditures for 2015, provided for in Appendix 18 to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2015 and for the planning period 2016 and 2017" Annex 18.2. Change in the distribution of budget appropriations by target items (state programs of the Russian Federation and non-program areas of activity), groups of types of expenditures, sections, subsections of the classification of federal budget expenditures for 2015, provided for in Appendix 18 to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2015 and for the planning period 2016 and 2017" Appendix 24. Distribution of budget appropriations for the implementation of federal target programs for 2015 Appendix 24.1. Change in the distribution of budgetary appropriations for the implementation of federal target programs for 2015, provided for in Appendix 24 to the Federal Law "On the federal budget for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017" Appendix 24.2. Change in the distribution of budgetary appropriations for the implementation of federal target programs for 2015, provided for in Appendix 24 to the Federal Law "On the federal budget for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017" Appendix 27. Distribution of budgetary appropriations for the implementation of federal target programs for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 Annex 30. Distribution of budget allocations for 2015 by constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the implementation of social payments for the purchase of housing by citizens leaving the Far North and equivalent areas, as well as citizens who left these areas and areas not earlier than January 1 1992, in accordance with the federal target program"Housing" for 2011 - 2015 Appendix 31. Distribution of budget allocations for the provision of budget investments to legal entities that are not state (municipal) institutions and state (municipal) unitary enterprises, for 2015 Appendix 31.1. Changing the distribution of budgetary appropriations for the provision of budgetary investments legal entities, which are not state (municipal) institutions and state (municipal) unitary enterprises, for 2015, provided for in Appendix 31 to the Federal Law "On the federal budget for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017" Appendix 33. Distribution of budgetary appropriations for the provision budget investments to legal entities that are not state (municipal) institutions and state (municipal) unitary enterprises for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 availability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 Appendix 38. The program of state internal borrowings of the Russian Federation for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 Appendix 39. The program of state guarantees Ros of the Russian Federation in the currency of the Russian Federation for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 Appendix 40. The program of state external borrowings of the Russian Federation for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017 Appendix 41. The program of state guarantees of the Russian Federation in foreign currency for 2015 year and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017

Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 1, 2014
"On the federal budget for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017"
(with appendices 1 - 14)

With changes and additions from:

President of Russian Federation

By the beginning of March, the Ministry of Finance is to prepare proposals for amendments to the federal budget for 2015, taking into account the new macroeconomic forecast and the government's anti-crisis plan. The updated forecast is based on the average annual Urals oil price of $50 per barrel instead of $96 included in the 2015 budget law, and the dollar exchange rate of 61.5 rubles instead of 49 rubles per dollar. Budget revenues as a result, according to the Ministry of Economic Development, may decrease by 2.3 trillion rubles.

recession Russian economy this year, according to updated data, will amount to 3% of GDP instead of the previously forecasted 0.8%, inflation will accelerate to 12.2% instead of the previously expected 7.5%. The budget deficit of the Russian Federation, according to the Minister of Finance, in the conditions of an updated forecast, may amount to 2-3% of GDP. The budget law provides for a deficit of 0.6% of GDP. At the same time, the minister economic development believes that the deficit will be significantly larger and reach 3.8% of GDP.

For execution budget commitments the government this year will have to print reserve fund. The budget law allows the Finance Ministry to spend up to 500 billion rubles from the Fund this year, but the Finance Minister said earlier that the total for the current year could be significantly higher. Additional funds will be required to support sectors of the economy during the crisis.

At the same time, the authorities will have to resolve the issue of reducing budget expenditures. Earlier, a decision was already made to cut treasury spending by 10%, but the head of the Ministry of Finance announced the need for additional cuts in the amount of about 600 billion rubles. In total, the 2015 budget may miss 1.3 trillion rubles. To this end, in particular, it is proposed to abandon the indexation of wages for state employees and social benefits according to the level of inflation and to postpone half of all expenditures on the construction of facilities that are financed under state programs to a later date. New construction sites are also proposed to be frozen completely.

The law does not allow touching social spending, but in any state program there are large reserves of efficiency, including in public procurement: if they save money by increasing efficiency, this will only bring benefits, but if investment projects, which are easiest to cut - will come out badly for strategic development economy, experts warn.

“The main thing is to prevent a reduction in production and an increase in unemployment. But the fulfillment of social obligations is necessary in the declared volumes,” says Valery Mironov, chief economist at the HSE Development Center.

At the same time, the head of the Ministry of Economic Development, Alexei Ulyukaev, proposed not to reduce budget spending rather agree to increase the budget deficit, which is less harmful than sequestration.

"I'm not sure that they should be reduced at all, because a change in income can mean either a reduction in spending or an increase in the deficit," the head of the Ministry of Economic Development said.