The arched lintel in the furnace is far from being decorative. In addition to an attractive appearance, it allows you to effectively distribute the load from the upper brick rows, which significantly increases the mechanical strength of the furnace.

Structure

This architectural solution is used not only when laying the furnace, but also during construction. The ability of the arch to distribute the vertical load to the sides, thus, as if “locking” the wall, is widely used in the construction of not only openings, but also blind walls that are under heavy loads.

An arched lintel is a series of bricks laid out in an arc. Their number must be odd. The central element is called the castle, and the extreme ones are the heels. The space covered by the arch is called a vault or span.

In an arched lintel, even if the ceiling itself is straight, the seams between the stones are directed towards the center of a conditional or obvious rounding. The stones in the arch are necessarily wedge-shaped - this is the fundamental difference between the arched ceiling and any other.

Varieties of arches

Depending on the shape of the arc, several types of jumpers are distinguished.

• Semicircular or full - the most reliable option. The arch is laid out in half a circle, the radius of the circle is half the width of the firebox.
• Luchkova - a variant in which the arc of curvature makes up a sector of a circle. It is flatter and the radius needs to be calculated in each specific case.
• Direct - appearance does not differ from the usual direct overlap. The principle - the distribution of the load to the sides, remains, thanks to the use of wedge-shaped stones. The photo shows a sample of a straight jumper.

materials

• Brick - full-bodied ceramic, grades not lower than M - 150. Hardware stores offer a wedge-shaped product. If desired or necessary, you can make a wedge-shaped stone with your own hands.
• Solution - clay with the addition of fireclay sand. Laying the arch on cement mortar is not recommended, as it does not withstand high temperatures.
• Chipboard sheet for making templates.

Arch calculation and template making

Depending on the type of arched lintel, the calculation methods and do-it-yourself masonry technologies will differ.

Semicircular jumper

The radius of a full arched lintel is half the width of the furnace compartment. That is, in this case, the calculations are reduced to an accurate measurement of the parameter. The drawing shows a diagram of a semicircular jumper of the furnace with an indication of the dimensions.

1. Two templates or circles are made from a chipboard sheet: a half circle is drawn with the required radius and cut out. Two templates are fastened together with bars. The circle should be a couple of centimeters less than the width of the firebox, so that in the future it can be easily dismantled.
2. The length of the arc determines the approximate number of stones to be laid with a tolerance for seams. Laying is recommended, achieving a minimum joint width of 3 mm. In practice, this recommendation is difficult to implement, since the unevenness of the stone itself can reach 7 mm. So irregularities should be included in the width of the seam - at least 5 mm.
3. You can determine the dimensions of the wedge by a practical, visual method. To do this, the central brick is placed on the upper part of the circle, and a thread is pulled from the center of the circle to the edge of the stone. Then the cut line is marked with a pencil, and the operation is repeated on the other side. In this way, the exact wedge shape of each element can be established.
4. The required number of stones is extruded.

Luchkovy jumper.

1. The radius of curvature is calculated by the formula: radius \u003d (square of the height of the jumper + square of the width of the furnace compartment) / two heights of the jumper. As a rule, it is 1-2 rows.
2. The manufacture of the template and the calculation of the wedge shape is carried out in a similar way.

Straight jumper

In manufacturing, this is the most difficult option. Templates are not made, wedge calculations are carried out along a straight board, the length of which is equal to the width of the jumper.

1. The central stone is placed in the middle of the board, the thread is pulled from the center of the arch - in this case, just the middle of the opening, to the corners of the brick, and the resulting lines are marked. The stone is immediately given the desired shape.
2. The second brick is placed next to the central one so that its corners coincide with the corners of the castle. As a result, the outer bottom corner of the next brick should be below the line of the board. The cut lines are then marked and the stone is shaped. Also comes with each following element. As can be seen from the drawing, the next stone in the lintel will be smaller in size than the previous one, and thus, the arch will disappear towards the edges.
3. Further laying is carried out according to the straight board used for calculations.

Arched lintel masonry

During the installation of the jumper with your own hands, a constant level check is required. Allowed displacements and distortions, instead of strengthening the furnace, will provoke a weakening of the arch.

1. The template is installed in the opening and firmly fastened with spacers.
2. Shtrabs are installed on the sides of the opening. This will allow you to quickly clamp the arched jumper.
3. Brick laying starts from the edge to the center simultaneously from two sides. It is required, if possible, to achieve the thinnest possible seams between the stones, since the strength of the structure largely depends on this.
4. The central stone - the castle, is driven into the masonry, "closing" the lintel. The photo shows the arch of the furnace with a circle.
5. The template is removed. Seams are aligned, excess mortar is removed.

In the video, the process of laying the arched ceiling is covered in more detail.

Lintels, vaults, brick arches are today, rather, a tribute to the exterior design of the building. The device of wedge-shaped, arched lintels allows you to fit a modern building into the existing building of the past. Arches and vaults are an integral part of many types of stoves and fireplaces. The proposed technology of laying brick openings will help to perform the work efficiently.

Varieties of brick covering of openings

A lintel is a covering of a door or window opening. Mostly used in construction reinforced concrete lintels. They can cover long spans and withstand heavy loads.

Brick lintels are used only for non-load-bearing walls, as they do not have sufficient strength for this. The width of the span in this case should not exceed 1.7 m.

1 - ordinary; 2 - wedge; 3 - bow; 4 - beam arched

Ordinary brick lintels are called ordinary. The brick in them is supported by reinforcement. As an architectural detail of the facades, wedge-shaped, arched, lancet, arched, semi-circular and box lintels are used.

1 - semicircular; 2 - lancet; 3 - box

Their variety is due to the shape of the opening, or rather, the outline of its upper part. According to the principle of an arched lintel, vaults are laid out, which are the overlap of buildings.

Before the invention of concrete (the end of the 19th century), the openings were covered with brick lintels. It was not only a tribute to beauty. The wedge-shaped and arched ceilings of the openings kept the load from the wall due to the expansion, which provided a fan arrangement of the bricks in the masonry.

In temple architecture, arches and vaults, as a way of covering openings and rooms, eventually became the canon of church architecture. Modern brick arched openings and vaulted ceilings are only an architectural solution.

The use of arched or wedge-shaped lintels is necessary in the reconstruction of buildings and structures of the 17th-19th centuries.

Stoves, fireplaces are still being built in almost every country house, where arched or wedge-shaped lintels and barrel vaults are often used in the construction of a pod or ward.

Ordinary jumpers

Ordinary jumpers are made according to the principle of ordinary brickwork. It is also carried out with dressing and ensuring the horizontal and vertical seams. Its difference from simple masonry is the observance of a special quality of work. It is necessary to carefully fill the joints to create a joint work of all the bricks of the opening overlap.

Ordinary lintels, unlike conventional masonry, not only compress under the weight of the overlying wall, but also bend without having support in the opening. Size brick lintel is taken from the calculation of its work in the opening for bending. The height is 5, 6 rows of masonry. In length, the size is considered to be the width of the opening plus 500 mm on each side of it.

Due to the special importance of the design of the overlap of any opening, the brick is selected for masonry, the brand of mortar is used at least 25. In an ordinary lintel, the brick rests on reinforcement, which is embedded in a layer of cement-sand mortar.

Reinforcement is assigned by calculation and depends on the magnitude of the load on the opening. With their small values, the reinforcement is installed structurally from round steel with a diameter of 4-6 mm. At the same time, its quantity is - one rod per half brick of the wall. The reinforcement should go into the masonry beyond the edge of the opening by at least 250 mm. Their ends are bent up around the brick.

1 - fittings; 2 - solution; 3 - formwork

For the device of an ordinary jumper, like any other, you will need a tool that is used for ordinary brickwork. To make a reinforced brick support, formwork must be installed. It can be made from boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm.

You can avoid the leakage of the solution and give the bottom of the jumper a more even look by laying any rolled waterproofing or a simple plastic film on the boards. It must be remembered that irregularities on the surface of the formwork will affect the appearance of the upper part of the opening.

A mortar layer is spread on the formwork, on which reinforcing bars are laid and sunk into it. Then a second layer of mortar is laid, which covers the reinforcement. It is important to observe the thickness of the protective layer for metal products. It is at least 3 cm.

During hardening, the mortar must gain the necessary strength so that further laying of the jumper can be carried out. The period of keeping it in the formwork is at least 12 days in summer, in autumn - at least 20 days. During the period of negative temperatures, it is necessary to comply with special measures developed for winter masonry.

To support the formwork, bricks are released from the masonry, which are subsequently cut down after gaining full strength with mortar and removing the boards. It is possible to arrange a furrow in the masonry and bring a formwork into it, after removing which a brick with a masonry joint is installed in this place.

1 - formwork; 2 - release of bricks

Large openings (wider than 1.5 m) require the installation of racks under the formwork. You can install the support boards under the flooring for rigidity on the edge.

Wedge jumpers

Wedge lintels do not require reinforced mortar support. The bearing capacity of such a jumper arises due to the thrust in the wedge-shaped brick installation.

Exists for the variant of the wedge-shaped jumper device:

• wedge-shaped vertical masonry seam;
• wedge-shaped brick.

In the case of a wedge-shaped seam, its thickness from below is assumed to be at least 5 mm, and from above - not more than 25 mm. If wedge brick is used, the seam in the masonry is made of the same thickness no more than 10 mm. Wedge lintels are installed using formwork with circles.

If a window or doorway is laid with quarters, then three circles will be required to build a wedge-shaped lintel. One is made shorter and installed at the level of the quarters, the other two are inside the opening. Formwork is laid on longer circles, which can be made from boards.

The wall is laid to the level of the upper part of the lintel with the heel (support) device. In this case, the angle of inclination of the edge of the jumper (bricks) relative to the vertical is immediately determined. Next, you need to mark all the rows on the formwork of the future floor. Their number must be odd. It is important when calculating the device of each row to take into account the thickness of the seam.

The central brick row is inserted vertically and is a lock. It creates compression at the bottom of the lintel and makes it possible to withstand the overlying load without reinforcement.

1 - lock; 2 - heel

They begin laying the wedge-shaped lintel from the heels to the middle from two sides, in order to eventually approach the central brick - the castle. You can maintain the exact direction of each seam by finding the point of intersection of the direction lines of both heels. A nail is driven into this place on the formwork and with the help of a rope tied to the nail, the line of each seam is determined.

Arched lintels, arches and vaults

The principle of the construction of arched ceilings of openings and vaults does not differ from the laying of wedge-shaped lintels. The shape of the arch can be arched, lancet, semicircular, box. Their difference lies in the choice of the center, the size of the segment and the radius of the circle.

In any case, the center line of the seam is perpendicular to the inner surface of the lintel or arch. A curved line is formed by a wedge-shaped seam or a wedge-shaped brick. In the case of an arched opening, the center line of the seam is a continuation of the radius of the curve.

Calculation of the arched lintel: 1 - onion arch; 2 - semicircular arch; h is the height of the arc; s is the width of the window or door opening; r is the radius of the arc

The thickness of the seams is taken, as in wedge-shaped jumpers:

• at least 5 mm - for the lower part of the vertical seam;
• maximum - 25 mm - for the upper part.

1 - lintel brick; 2 - wedge-shaped solution; 3 - castle brick; 4 - circled

The shape of the formwork is made in accordance with the chosen shape of the ceiling. Checking the radial direction of the seams and the correctness of the curvature of the arches is carried out with a rope tied to the center of the circle of each section of the jumper. You can make a template-gon for the desired shape of a semicircle or segment.

The arches are laid out according to the principle of an arched lintel. Vaults today are erected in the construction of public buildings, churches or temples. For their device, a continuous formwork of the required shape is made. Cylindrical vaults are often laid out in a "Christmas tree". Masonry is carried out simultaneously parallel to the axis of the vault and in rows at an angle of 45 °.

Wedges are placed under the formwork, which are gradually removed during stripping to ensure its uniform lowering. Fresh masonry is very sensitive to stress. You can not put containers with mortar on it or place bricks for masonry. This can lead to a distortion of the shape of the floor and a violation of the bonding of the brick with the mortar.

Vaults and arches of complex configuration require a highly qualified bricklayer, and it is better to entrust the work to a specialist. Having understood the intricacies of the technology of brick ceilings of openings, the construction of lintels and arches of a simple configuration will not be difficult.

Brick lintels, arches and vaults, which came from the past, today will decorate the facade of the house, fencing, small architectural forms, fireplaces and stoves, harmoniously fitting into the interior or exterior of almost any architectural style.

The architectural features of buildings of various configurations make it necessary to lay not only walls, but also other surfaces (arches, vaults, pillars, etc.) of brick or other regular-shaped stone.

The peculiarity is that all work must be carried out using a special solution (Portland cement), which has special characteristics. This is due to the need for the fastest solidification of the solution.

The process of laying arches and vaults is quite laborious and requires special attention and skill. Before embarking on this task, a project should be drawn up, approved, and only then proceed with construction. If there are working drawings in which the calculation of the brick vault is made, materials are purchased to complete the task.

Traditionally, for laying arches and vaults, wedge bricks are used, which have a trapezoidal shape. The use of such bricks provides not only the aesthetic appeal of the structure, but also the maximum reliability and strength of the fastening of the entire structure.

You can also use an ordinary brick, which, if necessary, is hewn along its entire length to give a wedge-shaped shape. Continuous quality control of the masonry is mandatory. To do this, use a cord, ruler, level. The lock brick is installed with force, thus jamming the masonry.

Scope of arches and vaults

An arched vault can serve as one of the options for making the top of any opening. As a rule, such a structure is constructed:

• in wall openings;
• as a lining;
• in the construction of stoves, fireplaces, outdoor barbecues, barbecues;
• to create an original portal (gate, gate).

Additionally, you can build a brick dome, which will serve as a kind of "highlight" of architectural design. The master laying of a brick cornice looks no less attractive, but due to certain nuances that do not allow this idea to be carried out on different real estate objects.

Before starting laying, you should make a formwork along which the template will move, while taking into account the following parameters:

• choice of arch form;
• accurate calculation of the radius of the arch;
• determination of the distance between the supports;
• clarification of the thickness of the masonry;
• advance paynemt.

If the arch is planned to be erected on an old building, then it is first necessary to strengthen the foundation, which minimizes the likelihood of deformation of the openings. The process of laying vaults depends on the planned type of construction, but it involves this event in several stages:

• drawing up a design drawing;
• template installation;
• vault masonry;
• strengthening the structure;
• dismantling circled;
• execution of facing decoration.

All steps are completed as quickly as possible. Moreover, the laying must be carried out from the "heels" to the "castle" synchronously on both sides. The seams are not left empty. They are completely filled mortar, and the upper surface is rubbed with the remnants of the mixture. An important role for the implementation of this event is played by air temperature and humidity. It is strictly forbidden to lay out a brick vault at sub-zero temperatures.

The construction of arches and vaults is used not only in civil engineering. Quite often, this technology is used in the process of building churches. The technology for performing this event is similar. The difference is only in the scale and quantity of the necessary building materials. By design, brick vaults are:

• steep;
• flat;
• gentle;
• semicircular;
• three-center.

Carrying out preparatory work and the laying process

church building example

Having visually assessed the scope of work, one should proceed to the construction of an approved design. For the manufacture of a template, chipboard and bars are usually used. Pre-calculated parameters are applied to the sheet and the workpiece is cut out. The template should be mounted very carefully, since the aesthetics of the future arch depend on it. If there is a need to create a more durable structure, then it is more advisable to use a frame made of reinforcement. Such a template is used as a circle during the construction of the formwork.

Before starting laying, all the necessary materials and tools should be placed as close as possible to the working area. The brick is pre-soaked in water. Since the laying of the arch is carried out simultaneously from two sides, the brick should be stored both on the right and on the left side of the place of work. If a used brick is used as the basis of the masonry, then in order to give aesthetics, the surface of the arch must be additionally lined. You can also build a brick wall cornice, which will create a finished look for the structure.

If there is no confidence in the accuracy of masonry, you should first rehearse the whole process. After analyzing the shortcomings and evaluating your abilities, you can proceed to the construction of the arch directly at the site of its future location.

Considering the projects of brick churches, it becomes obvious that the height of the dome and its overall dimensions suggest strengthening the walls of the structure. Laying is carried out according to a single-row or multi-row system of dressing seams. In places of maximum load, a steel mesh is additionally laid, which does not allow cracks to appear.

Considering that over time the vaults can sag a little, the installation of the circles is performed a little higher than the expected height. In this case, the brick ceiling vaults will be built with the utmost care, avoiding any oversights. After all, even the slightest flaw can lead to instability of the structure and its further destruction.

After the arched brick vault is laid out, it is necessary to provide time to allow the mortar to finally harden. Depending on the complexity and dimensions of the structure, this stage may last several days, after which it will be possible to dismantle the formwork. In some cases, it is not possible to painlessly remove the formwork without damaging the vault. Therefore, it is necessary to work out in advance the possibility of installing a removable structure.

More on the topic:

Have you ever wondered how you can transform the look of your home?

If you contact experienced architects or renovation specialists, they will advise you on decor such as a brick arch. And indeed, when you pay attention to an elite mansion, you will surely come across arched vaults. They emphasize the status and grandeur of the owner of the house and adorn any style of decoration of the facade of the building and internal transitions. In this case, you may want to do the same at home, replacing the door with an arch.

Finishing instead of a doorway

In the article we will tell you how to make an arched arch of brick with your own hands.

Varieties

When the conversation turns to the arched vault, you need to clarify what kind you mean. The fact is that there are several of them and each of them is unique and individual in its own way. The laying of these brick arches in each of the types is carried out in its own way.

The arched vault is a semicircle in the opening between two vertical bases, which are the walls of the building. As for the mentioned species, there are three of them.

Arched vault on the street

In the first place is the usual or, as it is also called, the full arch. This variety is considered one of the most popular for a number of reasons. About this kind, we can safely say that it is made simply, but tastefully. A vault of this type is made in the form of a regular semicircle.

In addition, if you have chosen this type of arch, you can easily lay it out yourself.

In second place is a wedge or rectangular arch. Posting it without proper experience is problematic. Therefore it is not the best choice, even for people who are used to doing everything on their own, according to instructions found on the Internet. This warning is relevant because without proper experience, you run the risk of building an arch that will not last even a couple of years. Outwardly, it looks good and resembles the letter P.

In the last, third place, there is a bow arch. Its arch has an underestimated semicircle.

Types of arches and opening device in brick wall

Before you choose what type of arch you would like to see in your home, you should talk about some of the nuances, such as the distance between the supporting columns.

You will not lay out a wedge arch in a wide opening. This limitation is explained by the fact that it will not be strong if the distance between the supporting columns is wider than one meter.

For a beam arch, this distance is greater. It can be built between columns located at a distance of up to one and a half meters from each other. If you want an arched vault, and the supporting columns are located at a distance of two or even two and a half meters from each other, then a full arch will do.

These and other parameters can be found by examining guidelines according to the calculation of the laying of arches.

Preparation for the masonry process

Before starting work, decide where the arch will be located. The point is that in most construction business the option is considered when the masonry is done from scratch, during the construction of the house itself. In this case, the process is described from the erection of the supporting columns themselves.

Construction template

In private cases, the owners remake the passages, creating an arched vault in them. In this case, if necessary, a preliminary punching of the openings themselves in the brick walls is done.

Whichever option you choose, the first step should be masonry and, if necessary, strengthening the supporting columns. Strengthening refers to cases where the planned distance between the columns exceeds one meter. After all, then the load on the supporting columns will increase. Therefore, they lay out a couple of bricks thick.

At this stage, it is worth paying attention to the fact that there should not be a warp between the laid bricks of both arches. Each row of bricks is controlled by a building level.

When you reach the vault, then pay attention to a couple of building tricks. Firstly, a special wooden template will come in handy, which will control the laying of the vault bricks, hold them until the cement mortar hardens. We will look at creating a wooden template later in this article.

Secondly, the cement mortar itself is made thicker than usual, the liquid mortar does not guarantee you that subsequently the masonry will not spread under its own weight.

Wooden template

This template is indispensable during the laying of arches with your own hands. To create it, it is enough to have the necessary materials and enthusiasm.

First, find a couple of sheets of chipboard. They will later become the basis of the future template. From the prepared sheets, you need to cut out two identical semicircles that follow the outline of the planned arch.

Arch template to lay out with bricks

After you cope with this task, get a wide board that matches the thickness of the bearing support. Although a narrow board will do.

On the basis of this board, you need to fix the pre-cut chipboard arch templates with nails. To give the template rigidity, wooden bars are placed between the sheets of chipboard. Thus, you will give the structure the necessary rigidity.

The resulting hollow semicircle of the template must be sewn on top with a steel strip, six or eight millimeters thick. This thickness is sufficient so that the bricks located on top of it do not subsequently push through.

The resulting wooden template is fixed between the lined support pillars of your future arch. To secure, you will have to use wooden spacers, which will be removed later, like the template itself.

The thickness of the selected wooden spacers should be about eight or even ten centimeters. The distance between the spacers is at least half a meter.

arch masonry

So we got to the moment when you can start laying the arch. Before you start laying your first bricks, learn one rule. All work on laying the bricks of the vault should be done in one go. In no case should a break be allowed to allow the cement mortar to dry.

How to lay a template

This rule is due to the fact that during drying, the cement will begin to stretch the bricks to the sides, as it were, creating additional stress. Therefore, if you decide to lay the arch not in one, but in a few days, get ready for the fact that it will eventually crack.

The masonry itself is correct to start simultaneously on both sides of the template, gradually reaching the central part. The last brick, installed in the center of the masonry, will be a kind of castle.

It is characteristic that these recommendations are suitable for any type of arch, no matter what you choose. The only problem that you may encounter is the installation of bricks at certain angles relative to each other, thereby creating an arched semicircle. To simplify this process, make preliminary markings on a wooden template, and use a square when laying bricks. Accordingly, during such laying of bricks, the cement mortar will also lie unevenly. Its layer will be thicker at the top of the arched vault.

However, no matter what difficulties you have to face, with due care and assertiveness, you will definitely succeed, and you will correctly build the arched vault of your dreams.

In contact with

Comments

Unfortunately, there are no comments or reviews yet, but you can leave your own ...

New Articles

New comments

S.A.

Grade

Svetlana

Grade

Sergei

Grade

Sergei

Grade

Alexey

Grade

Latest reviews

adminadmin

Arches are an architecturally decorative solution for the visual separation of rooms without doors. Basically, arches are arranged outside the building and they are used to decorate country cottages or private houses.

The arches are not only very stable, they are also almost insensitive to displacements in the foundations. If the wall can collapse at the same time, displacements at the base of the arch will only cause distortions, which are harmless and even common for arches. Similarly, arches are quite good at withstanding earthquakes. Interestingly, among the ancient ruins, the arches are the best preserved, and this is partly due to their characteristic stability.

The bricks on which the lintel rests are called heels.

The space covered by any jumper is called span.

A wooden form that supports the formwork on which arched, vaulted and domed structures are erected.

The number of bricks in the arch and rows in the vault should be odd.

Middle upper odd brick - castle.

Arches, arranged to cover openings with a width of 2 to 4 m, can have a very different radius of curvature or a different lifting boom.

For brick arch characteristic is the use of a special masonry method - bow bridge. This design involves building a wall to the level of a future lintel, then proceed to build an arch.

In this case, the thickness of the brickwork must be at least 1 brick, and as a rule, they are laid out in two layers of equal thickness, and both layers should be performed and “locked in locks” in the upper part at the same time.

Circles are made of boards, 40 mm thick. First, they make circles from boards, cut along the contour of the arch. The circles consist of separate jambs, knocked down in two layers with a gap in the joints. The lower part of the circles is connected with boards, and on top of the circles, a formwork of planed boards is sewn with nails, which is sheathed with roofing iron, fiberboard, etc. On the formed surface, laying is carried out, which repeats the shape of the arched lintel. There are also industrial ready-made arched openings, which are delivered unassembled.

Along the edges of the span, side supports are installed on which the template is installed and leveled with wedges along the horizon. A cord is pulled between two boards attached to the wall, allowing you to adjust the position of the bricks laid in the direction of the castle.

A wedge-shaped stone or brick is used, which is laid strictly towards the center. In the absence of a ready-made patterned brick, an ordinary solid brick is hewn, giving it a wedge-shaped shape. When laying arches, one should strictly monitor the quality of the brick, the direction and thickness of the seams, which should not be more than allowed by the project.

Arches laid out from ordinary bricks are made with wedge-shaped seams at least 5 mm thick at the bottom and no more than 25 mm at the top.

To accurately mark the distance between the bricks and the position of the seams, a brick is placed in the middle of the template, the compasses are adjusted to the thickness of the brick plus 5 mm for the seam filled with mortar, and, starting from the middle brick, measure the distances along the edge of the template to the last full brick. The width of the remaining gap is divided by the resulting number of bricks, and the legs of the compass are additionally bred by the final value.

Arches are being laid on both sides at the same time from heels to top with careful dressing of seams. The brick is laid "on edge" in transverse rows according to the formwork template. The radial position of the seam is controlled by a square template. In order to properly fix the bricks in the masonry, the mortar is spread over the brick bed "wedge-shaped" (with a thickening upwards).

The position of the bricks is checked with a cord fixed at one end in the center of the semicircle.

Thickening of seams against the specified ones is allowed only in cases provided for by the project.

Joints must be completely filled with mortar. The bricklayer also monitors the front surface of the masonry - the dressing pattern, the quality of the brick, its color and shade.

To ensure the uniformity of stresses in large arches, it is necessary to build them so quickly that the mortar does not have time to completely harden in all parts of the arches before the circle is weakened. Solutions should be applied on Portland cement.

Deviations in the thickness of the joints in the masonry should not exceed:
- horizontal ................................................................ ................................................ -2; +3 mm
- vertical ................................................................ ............................................... -2; +2 mm

1 - box; 2 - quarter-cylindrical; 3 - domed; 4 - domed on sails without a drum; 5 - domed on the drum; 6 - conch; 7 - gable; 8 - cross; 9 - tent; 10 - 12 - stepped-arch; 13 - undisturbed cross; 14, 15 - closed on strippings converging to the corner; 16, 17 - vaulted ceiling on strippings converging to the corner; 18 - closed on the formwork, retreating from the corner; 19 - closed with a free arrangement of formwork; 20 - closed on a faceted base ("faceted dome"); 21 - sailing; 22 - dome on tromps; 23 - groin with horizontal strips of formwork; 24 - groin with inclined strips of formwork; 25 - groin with stepped stripping; 26 - closed without stripping; 27 and 28 - half-tray and tray; 29 - vaulted ceiling of strippings; 30 - tray on demouldings; 31 and 32 - variants of the light five-domed pillarless temple

In brick temples, vaults are laid out on formwork resting on circles and walls or on girth arches lowered in relation to them. After the solution has hardened, the circles are removed and the formwork is removed.