Story

The decorated edge appeared as a result of attempts by owners of coin regalia to protect themselves from damage to the coin, when the edges of coins made of precious metals were filed, and from counterfeiting, since counterfeiting an edge is a labor-intensive matter.

At the beginning, the edges on all coins were smooth. At the beginning of the 16th century, a machine for applying patterns to edges appeared in Europe.

There are two main ways to obtain a decorated edge - chasing in a ring and using a edge machine. The most common types of decorated edge are smooth, ribbed (with serifs applied along the entire length of the edge, perpendicular to the edge) and edge with an inscription. Coins of complex shapes (polyhedrons, rosettes) usually have a smooth edge.

Main types of edge

• smooth (most low denomination coins)
• with a cutout along the entire length of the edge
• fluted
• with potholes (a small number of thick serifs separated by smooth space)
• ribbed (perpendicular to the surface of the coin serifs)
• interrupted-ribbed (groups of serifs separated by spaces without them)
• with slanted serifs (so-called cord), distinguish between serifs slanted to the right and left
• with an inscription (convex or depressed)
• mesh (with serifs inclined in different directions)
• with pattern
• with a combination of several types (for example, ribbed with an inscription)

see also

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional ones). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

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See what “Gurt (numismatics)” is in other dictionaries:

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The edge of a coin is called an edge. The edge of the coin performed two main tasks: protection against counterfeiting and protection against filing and cutting off the coin.

In the distant past, when coins were made from precious metals, the main value of a coin was the value of the gold or silver contained in it. Even in Ancient Rome, scammers appeared who sawed down coins and gave them back to money circulation, and kept some precious sawdust for themselves; it was to protect against this kind of fraud that a bunch of coins appeared.

All modern coins are nominally more expensive than they contain metal, so the edge performs another function - protection against counterfeiting - this is an additional and not simple technological operation that complicates and increases the cost of the work of counterfeiters.

There are many varieties of edges, some varieties are used in many countries and for many coins, but sometimes there are unique and very specific variants.

Types of edge:

Name	Image	Examples	Description
Smooth		1, 5, 10 and 50 kopecks of modern Russia	The simplest possible herd. Used on coins of the lowest denomination.
With a cutout along the entire length of the edge		2 euro cents	A rather specific edge, it has not been seen on other coins.
Ribbed (corrugated)		1 ruble of Modern Russia	The most common herd.
Intermittent-ribbed		2, 5 and 10 rubles of modern Russia	A combination of smooth and ribbed areas. Sometimes there is a more complex alternation of 2 or 3 types of serifs.
Cord or twisted (with slanted serifs)		Most of the coins of Paul I	This type of edge is practically not used now, but was often found in coins of the 18th century.
Reticulate		5 kopecks of Catherine II	The mesh edge was widespread in the 18th century, but is now practically not used.
Dotted line		Small silver coin of Nicholas I and Alexander II	There are inclined grooves along the entire edge of the coin.
Points		Small silver coin of Alexander II	This type of edge is a type of dotted line, but is distinguished as a separate type due to the fact that, as a rule, coins with such an edge are rare varieties.
Depressed inscription		Fifties and rubles of Nicholas II, Alexander II and III as well as the USSR	The indented inscription appeared on coins in the 19th century and is still widely used today. Technologically, the production of coins with a depressed inscription is much more difficult than with a convex inscription, but the depressed inscription is less erased over time.
Raised inscription

What a edge is should only be explained to beginning numismatists. Experienced collectors know that it is worth paying attention not only to the obverse and reverse, but also to the edge - the edge of the coin. Notches are applied to the surface in various ways. Often, an error in applying corrugations or inscriptions can lead to the fact that the cost of an exhibit will increase tens or even hundreds of times compared to its face value.

Edge of coins

Story

The edge of the coin first appeared on banknotes in Ancient Rome. Notches on the surface of the metal were applied manually, which led to a change in the shape of the money. As a result of such procedures, they did not have a round shape. It is difficult to say why notches were applied to the edge; the process was carried out manually and took a lot of time and effort. But such a solution did not protect banknotes from fakes and counterfeiters, since the notches were applied manually and it was not difficult to repeat the design again.

After coining, money was carried out without applying corrugations, inscriptions or drawings on the edge of banknotes. The technology was forgotten until the 16th century.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the technology of marking the surface of ecus coins was revived in France. Now patterns and inscriptions were applied to money using minting machines. As a result, the authorities were able to reduce the number of fakes and counterfeiters.

But the design was applied to the edge of only those specimens that had a large denomination. Thus, an ecus minted in gold from 1577 is a good example of one of the first edges.

Today, patterns are applied to banknotes not only to reduce the number of counterfeits, but also to help people with low vision. For example, a coin with a denomination of 1 dollar and 1 euro. In Europe, money with different denominations is marked with different notches and designs so that people can recognize the coin by touch.

In Russia, everything was a little different - on rubles of the 18th century, the relief was applied obliquely. Then they began to apply silver or copper samples to the edge. Then some more changes occurred with rubles:

1. In 1810, the designation for ligature weight appeared.
2. 1886 - the designation for pure metal appeared.
3. 1886 - the names of monarchs began to be minted.

Edge inscription from the early 19th century. differs in that depressed letters appeared on the edge instead of convex ones.

Varieties

The edge pattern may be different, or it may be completely absent. It all depends on the denomination of the banknote and other characteristics.

A bunch of ancient coins

A smooth edge is a complete absence of a corrugated surface. The edge is smooth, found in most small denomination banknotes. Such coins do not need to be protected from counterfeiting, and there is no point in decorating such coins. Found in 1 kopeck, 5 and 10 kopeck, as well as 50 kopeck since 2006. In addition, 1 euro cent has the same feature.

A cutout along the entire length of the edge is found only on the 2 euro cent coin.

A ribbed edge can be found on 10 rubles, the corrugations are applied to the metal alternately. Twelve sections of 5–7 corrugations, between which there are smooth sections.

There is also a pattern applied to the surface of the metal in the form of a rope or cord.

Banknotes with an inscription are rare; a depressed or raised inscription, the face value of the coin or other information is applied to the metal. In Soviet times, you could see rubles and fifty dollars. Now the inscriptions are applied to 1 US dollar and 1 Ukrainian hryvnia.

The mesh edge is reminiscent of notching metal in the form of a cord or rope that runs along different sides of the coin.

The pattern is rarely applied; this is how banknotes that are minted in limited editions are decorated in this way. In this case, the image on the edge may be different.

The combined type involves applying several types of edge to the metal at the same time. Can be found on commemorative coins; a combination of the design is found on bimetallic 10 rubles on top of a ribbed edge; an inscription is also applied to the metal. For 2 euros you can find areas with different numbers of corrugations, which alternate with a smooth surface. This group also includes 10 galvanized rubles minted from steel.

There are several other types of notching on the surface of metal money:

• intermittently chopped;
• with inclined notches.

The first type of design can be found on 1 euro, on 2 and 3 rubles from Russia and 50 kopecks from Ukraine.

Notches slanted to the left decorate the 10 yuan edge.

The grooved surface of the edge helps numismatists determine the value and value of a coin, but collectors often encounter fakes. Wanting to sell an unremarkable specimen, sellers resort to deception. In this case, you should pay attention to the relief: the inscriptions are difficult to fake, but if you take a closer look at the exhibit, you can find saw cuts on the surface of the metal, indicating a fake.

An edge (from German Gurt - belt, belt) is the edge of a coin, medal, coin-shaped token, and so on.

There are formed and unformed edges. Depending on the manufacturing technology, an unshaped edge may look like a poorly shaped smooth edge (when minted on previously made blanks) or like a poorly shaped polyhedron (if the coins were cut from a metal sheet/strip).

History of the herd.

Edges began to be designed in order to protect expensive coins from counterfeits, as well as to prevent the edges of gold and silver coins from being filed by people who suspected them of being counterfeit. After the appearance of coins with edges, there were much fewer fakes, because at that time it was too labor-intensive to make a believable edge on a coin.

At the beginning of the 16th century, machines for applying edge patterns began to appear in Europe. Until this moment, the edge remained smooth throughout. And already in the second half of the 16th century in France they came up with a split ring, which made it possible to apply any inscriptions on the edge. The first coins with edge inscription are considered to be French gold ecus, on which it appeared in 1577.

There are two ways to achieve a shaped edge - using a edge machine and using embossing in a ring. The most common are three types of edges - smooth, ribbed (perpendicular serifs along the entire length of the edge), as well as an edge with an inscription. On non-round coins (various polyhedrons, etc.) the edge is usually made smooth.

The main types of coin edges.

Smooth edge.
Most small denomination coins have this type of edge, because There is no need to protect such coins from counterfeiting (manufacturing using a homemade method will cost more than the face value of the coin), and there is little point in decorating such coins.

Ribbed.
On such coins, corrugations are applied along the entire length of the edge. For example, on ordinary 10-ruble coins made of walking material (not bimetal), alternating 12 sections of 5 and 7 corrugations are applied, between which there are smooth sections.

Cord.
These are inclined serifs on the edge, with a pattern reminiscent of a cord or rope.

Inscription.
Such an edge may have a depressed or raised inscription containing the denomination of the coin, some kind of slogan, etc. Traditional edge, for example, for the Soviet fifty-kopeck piece and ruble.

Reticulate.
This type of edge resembles a “cord”, with an inclination in different directions.

Pattern.
Sometimes a wide variety of patterns are applied to the edge.

Combined.
Modern coins often combine several types of edges. For example, on the anniversary 10-ruble coins (bimetal) there is an inscription on top of the ribbed edge.

What structural elements does a coin consist of? Edge - what is it? What is a bead? What types of edges exist in numismatics? You will find answers to all these questions in our article.

Coin and its components

Every person deals with paper bills and coins almost every day. But how often do you carefully examine and examine the contents of your wallet? But numismatists have turned this activity into the meaning of life. And they can be understood! After all, any coin, despite its tiny size, contains so many interesting things!

The word “coin” itself comes from Latin. This is the oldest means of payment, having a certain shape (most often round), weight and value. Coins are usually made of metal (nickel, bronze, aluminum, etc.). But there are also exceptions. Any coin consists of four structural elements:

• Obverse - the front side (it displays the nationality of the banknote).
• Reverse - the reverse side (the denomination is shown here).
• The edge is the side surface of the coin.
• Edge (edge ​​or bead) - a raised edge that protects the design from premature wear.

Coins contain a huge amount of information. Most often, the coat of arms, a portrait of the ruler (monarch), the name of the country and the bank, the denomination, as well as a thematic design.

Gurt is...

Now let's take a closer look at what a edge is. This word, by the way, has another meaning. So, according to Vladimir Dahl’s explanatory dictionary, a herd is a herd of livestock (sheep, goats, cows or poultry), which is led to slaughter or for sale. The verb “huddle” comes from it - to herd cattle into one heap.

The edge of a coin is, in simple words, its side edge. The term comes from the German word Gurt, which translates to "belt".

The edge of the coin can be smooth or grooved, shaped or unshaped. Quite often it contains an ornament, some inscriptions or marks. Experienced collectors are familiar with one rule: if the obverse and reverse of two identical coins are absolutely identical, but the edges are different, this may mean that one of the banknotes may be worth much more than the other.

By the way, professional numismatists always pick up a coin by the edge only, so as not to leave their fingerprints on its flat surfaces.

A short excursion into history

The edge of the coin appeared for a reason. The minters invented it for two purposes: firstly, to protect the product from damage (trimming or filing), and secondly, to protect money from counterfeiters (counterfeiting edges is a very labor-intensive process).

All the edges were smooth at first. Only at the dawn of the 16th century in Western Europe was a special machine designed for applying various patterns and ornaments to this element. Fifty years later, the French learned to put inscriptions on it.

Today, there are two main ways to design a edge:

• on a gully machine;
• using the so-called coining in the ring.

What were the heaps of Tsarist Russian rubles? Initially, they were decorated with an oblique notch. Since the end of the 18th century, they began to indicate the fineness of the metal, and since 1810, the weight of the coin. An interesting feature: until the beginning of the 19th century, all the letters and numbers on the edges were convex, and later they were depressed.

Types of herds

There are eight main types of coin edges:

• smooth;
• corrugated (see photo below);
• intermittently corrugated;
• mesh;
• with an inscription;
• with lacing (slanted strokes);
• with a continuous longitudinal cut;
• with an ornament (usually floral).

Smooth edge is the most common type on low denomination coins. Corrugated, intermittently corrugated, as well as variants with inscriptions are less common. The remaining types of the element we are considering are even more difficult to find on coins.