Historically, a complex ethnic structure of the population has developed in Crimea. The Ukrainian regional community of Crimea is the smallest in Ukraine. The largest share of the population of Crimea is represented by Russians (in total, they accounted for more than 2/3 of the total population), while Ukrainians made up just over a quarter of its inhabitants. During the 1990s, there were some changes in the ethnic structure of the Crimean population. They are associated, firstly, with the migration influx of Crimean Tatars and the outflow of representatives of other ethnic groups (primarily Russians) outside the republic. The largest number of Crimean Tatars was recorded in the central and western regions of the republic, in some of them the share of Crimean Tatars is more than 25%. A feature of the Crimea is also the extreme diversity of the national composition of the population. Representatives of many nationalities meet here: Russians, Tatars, Germans, Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Jews, Karaites, Krymchaks, Poles, Czechs, Moldavians, etc. The last of the nomadic peoples were the Tatars, who became a settled population in the Crimea. During the years of Turkish rule, Crimea was rather densely populated, even the steppe Crimea was completely covered with Tatar settlements. The mass of old abandoned Tatar villages and cemeteries testifies to this. The surviving information indicates that the population was at least 140,000 people. The population was engaged in agriculture, gardening, cattle breeding, salt mining, trade, crafts.

Tatars. Modern Crimean Tatars are divided into steppe, mountain and coastal. The former retained their Mongolian type in their essential differences; the mountain ones are of a mixed type, and the purely Mongolian appearance is lost; the blood of the Mongol was mixed with the blood of the Greeks, Goths, Genoese, etc. The Tatars of the South Coast represent a special type, characteristic exclusively of the South Coast. Their growth is above average. Tatars live simply, but cleanly. Tatar houses (sakli), facing south for the most part, are made of stone (or of unbaked brick - kalyba), have a flat roof, and are very low. Tatars profess Islam (Sunnis), which was adopted by the Khan of the Golden Horde, Berke; Religiously, the Tatars are tolerant.

Greeks. The modern Greek population of Crimea came from the merger of the most ancient Greek settlers with the Balaklava - Archipelago Greeks and the later immigrants - Anatolians. In most cases, the Greeks are short, with a swarthy face, black curly hair and a hooked nose; occasionally come across among them and blondes with blue eyes. They profess the Orthodox religion, speak modern Greek, in most cases they also know the Tatar language, in the cities they speak Russian. Culturally, the Greeks are incomparably superior to the Tatars.

Gypsies. The gypsies belong to a tribe that formerly lived in Hindustan, where they constituted a pariah class. After the invasion of Tamerlane, the Gypsies (Tishigans) moved to Africa. Some of them subsequently passed through the Archipelago and Asia Minor to Europe. Gypsies came to Crimea from Bessarabia. From mixing with the Tatars, the type of gypsies also changed somewhat, but laziness and complete carelessness remained their characteristic features. Gypsies trade in horses, worn clothes, are engaged in blacksmithing, carting, small crafts, musicians come across among them.

The ethnonym "TATARS" has historically been assigned to the Turkic-speaking population of the Ural-Volga historical and ethnographic region, Crimea, Western Siberia and behind the Turkic in origin, but the Tatar population of Lithuania who lost their native language. In the past, the Tatars also had other local ethnonyms - Moselman, Kazanly, Bolgars, Misher, Tipter, Kereshen, Nagaibek, Kechim, etc.

For the first time, the ethnonym "Tatars" appeared among the Mongol and Turkic tribes in the 6th - 9th centuries; in the second half of the 19th century, it was fixed as a common ethnonym of the Tatars. In the 13th century, the Mongols who created the Golden Horde included the tribes they conquered, including the Turkic ones, called "Tatars". In the 13th - 14th centuries. as a result of the complex ethnic processes that took place in the Golden Horde, the Kipchaks, numerically predominant in this state, assimilated all the other Turkic-Mongolian tribes, but adopted the ethnonym Tatars. European peoples, Russians and some large Asian peoples called the population of the Golden Horde "Tatars". In the Tatar khanates that formed after the collapse of the Golden Horde, noble layers, military service groups and the bureaucratic class, which consisted mainly of the Golden Horde Tatars of Kypchak-Nogai origin, called themselves Tatars. It was they who played a significant role in the spread of the ethnonym Tatars. After the fall of the khanates, the term was also transferred to the common people. This was facilitated by the representations of the Russians, who called all the inhabitants of the khanates "Tatars".

Tatars are one of the largest Turkic-speaking ethnic groups. The total number of 6.648.7 thousand people. (1989). Tatars are the main population of the Republic of Tatarstan (1.765.4 thousand people), 1.120.7 thousand people live in Bashkortostan, 110.5 thousand people live in Udmurtia, 47.3 thousand people live in Mordovia, in the Republic Mari El - 43.8 thousand, Chuvashia - 35.7 thousand people. In general, the main part of the Tatar population - more than 4/5 lives in Russian Federation(5.522 thousand people), ranking second in terms of numbers. In addition, a significant number of Tatars live in the CIS countries. : in Kazakhstan - 300.9 thousand people, Uzbekistan - 367.8 thousand people, Tajikistan - 30.2 thousand people, Kyrgyzstan - 70.5 thousand people, Turkmenistan - 39.2 thousand people. Azerbaijan - 28 thousand people, in Ukraine - about 250 thousand people, in the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) about 14 thousand people. There is also a significant diaspora throughout the rest of the world (Finland, Turkey, USA, China, Germany, Australia, etc.). In view of the fact that there has never been a separate account of the number of Tatars in other countries, it is difficult to determine the total number of the Tatar population abroad (according to various estimates, from 100 to 200 thousand people).

There is no doubt that Volga-Ural And Crimean Tatars are independent ethnic groups. Ethnonym "Crimean Tatars" applied and is applied to an ethnically heterogeneous layer. Crimean Tatars, self-name - "kyrym Tatarlar" or "kyrymly" ("Crimeans"). This is a people that was formed on the Crimean peninsula. They are Sunni Muslims by religion.

The Turkic and non-Turkic peoples played their role in the formation of this ethnic group. Of the Turkic - these are the Turkic-Bulgars, Khazars, Oguzes, Pechenegs, Kypchaks and Turks; from the non-Turkic - the descendants of the Tauro-Scythians, Greeks, Alans, Goths, partly Genoese.

According to the dialect differences of the language, features of the anthropological type, material and spiritual culture of the Crimean Tatars can be divided into three recognized groups :

1. Crimean Tatars of the southern coast of Crimea <ялы бойло>. Their language belongs to the Oghuz-Seljuk group (Yalta, Sudak, Balaklava). Anthropological type Caucasoid, no signs of Mongoloidity.

2. Crimean Tatar population between the First and Second Ridges of the Crimean Mountains , middle band<орта елах>(Bakhchisaray, Karasubazar), the so-called<таты>. The language belongs to the Kypchak-Polovtsian group, strongly oguzed. In 1928, this language was adopted as a common Crimean Tatar (literary) one. Anthropological type - Caucasoid, Mongoloid is absent.

3. Steppe Crimean Tatars - <ногаи>(self-name<мангыт>). The language of the Kypchak group. Signs of Mongoloidity 10% (according to N.V. Terebinskaya - Shenger). They were engaged in animal husbandry, viticulture, winemaking, horticulture, gardening, growing gourds, sericulture, tobacco growing, sea fishing, horse breeding, willow breeding people.

Until now, there are significant everyday, cultural, linguistic and even anthropological differences between different groups of Crimean Tatars.

This largely explains the contradictory conclusions of scientists who have studied various aspects of the ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars. On the one hand, undertaken in the 20-30s. attempts to identify a specific medieval Crimean Tatar culture in the course of archaeological research did not give positive results. On the other hand, the desire to substantiate the thesis of the autochthonous nature of the Crimean Tatars at all costs forces some authors to assert their direct origin from the most ancient inhabitants of the peninsula - the Taurians. Obviously, these issues require serious consideration, free from political conjuncture. At the same time, there is no doubt that the Crimean Tatars consider themselves a single ethnic group and their self-consciousness is based on the feeling of this unity.

In the Golden Horde period (the first half of the 13th century - the first half of the 15th century), three main political formations coexisted on the peninsula.

The largest of them was the Crimean ulus of the Golden Horde, which occupied the entire steppe part of the peninsula, the foothills and Southwestern Taurica. In the steppes and foothills, the bulk of the population was made up of the Turkic ancestors of the Crimean Tatars - the western and eastern Kipchaks and other Turkic tribes, who all called themselves "Kipchaks". The inhabitants of the mountain-forest part of the ulus, who adopted the common name "Gotalans" and became the non-Turkic ancestors of the Crimean Tatars, were called "tats" by the steppe inhabitants of the ulus. Outside the peninsula, both the Kypchaks of the steppe territory of the ulus, and the "Tats" of its mountain-forest part called themselves the same - "kyrymly" ("Crimean").

Another major fief on the peninsula was the Principality of Theodoro. It was inhabited by the descendants of the Alans, Goths and Turko-Bulgars of the pre-Khazar and Khazar times, the Byzantines.

The third significant political formation on the territory of the Crimea was the Genoese colony, which occupied mainly the southern coast. The main population here also consisted of the descendants of the Alans and Goths, as well as the Byzantines.

A significant part of the population of the last two political structures, in the process of trade and economic relations with the inhabitants of the steppes and foothills, is gradually being Muslimized and included in the formation of the Crimean Tatar ethnic group.

The process of settlement of the peninsula, the increase in its population was accompanied by a change in specialization and forms of economic development of the territory.

From time immemorial, tribes of pastoralists-nomads lived in the northern flat part of the Crimea. Somewhat later, in the 7th c. BC e., ancient fortress cities appeared, the population of which was engaged in agriculture and trade. In the Middle Ages, agriculture spread to the mountainous and foothill Crimea, and trade relations expanded. At the same time, the inhabited territories occupied relatively small areas. In connection with the need to protect cities from nomadic raids, defensive walls were erected that limited the growth of cities in breadth. Particularly indicative in this respect is the comparison of the area and population of medieval and modern cities. For example, Mangup-Kale (the capital of the Principality of Theodoro), with a population equal to the modern population of the city of Bakhchisaray, occupied an area that was only 1/8 of the area of ​​the city, Bakhchisaray.

After the annexation of the Crimea by Russia (1783), there were significant changes in the socio-economic development compared to the previous period. New types of management began to develop, which could not but affect the resettlement of the population. New settlements appear, both rural (for example, Petrovskaya Sloboda, Zuya, Mazanka, Izyumovka, etc.) and urban (Sevastopol, Simferopol). The old cities - Kerch, Evpatoria, Feodosia - are developing rapidly.

During the Crimean War of 1854-1855. and in the post-war period, the population decreased significantly. Nearly 150,000 Crimean Tatars and 5,000 Nogais left Crimea. Of the 687 Crimean settlements, 315 were completely empty. After the abolition of serfdom, starting from 1865 to 1897, the population of Crimea increased almost 3 times and reached 545 thousand people. (see Appendix 2) . The bulk of the population was made up of state peasants from among Russian and Ukrainian settlers, who were assigned plots of land.

Thus, the population is a very dynamic socio-economic category of society. After 1897, under the influence of economic, social and political factors, the population of Crimea constantly changed over time. By 1913, the population was 729 thousand people. However, as a result of the October events of 1917, the population in Crimea decreased to 711 thousand people. By the beginning of World War II (by 1940), the population had increased to 1,127,000 people. During the Second World War, the loss of human resources in the Crimea was extremely high (over 85 thousand people were taken to Germany, 90 thousand people were destroyed). The decrease in numbers in that period was also affected by the anti-people Stalinist policy. Forcibly, on the eve of the war, initially the Germans were evicted from the Crimea, then in May 1944 the Crimean Tatars, in June - the Greeks, Bulgarians and representatives of other nationalities. By 1950, the population of the republic had decreased to 823 thousand people. Since the late 40s - early 50s, Crimea has been intensively populated by settlers from the western regions of Ukraine and the Central regions (mainly from the Central Black Earth economic region) Russia and Belarus. As a result, by 1959 the population in the Crimea increased to 1 million 202 thousand people. All subsequent years up to 1993 the population was constantly increasing. The population increased most rapidly between 1985 and 1993. The average annual growth rate for this period was 1.5% (for the period from 1980 to 1985, the average annual population growth rate was less than one percent). The high rates of population growth in recent years are explained by the massive return of deported Crimean Tatars and representatives of other nationalities to Crimea.

The population dynamics is influenced not only by mechanical, but also by its natural movement. Meaning natural movement as a source of population growth in the Crimea is constantly declining. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was a steady trend towards a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in mortality, a decrease in average life expectancy, and, in general, a decrease in the rate of population growth (with the exception of the migration influx of the Crimean Tatar population). Some increase in the birth rate was observed in 1983-1984, when the birth rate in the Crimea as a whole was 16-17‰, then a decrease in the birth rate and, accordingly, natural increase began. In recent years, the birth rate in Crimea has fallen to 12‰, while the death rate has increased to 10.9‰, therefore, the natural increase was at the level of only 1.1‰ (1991) . The demographic situation in the cities has especially deteriorated. So, if in rural areas the natural increase has decreased by half since 1985, then in cities over this period it has decreased by 17 times

Population of Crimea and Sevastopol: population, national composition

13.09.2019

The population of Crimea as of January 1, 2017 is 2,340,921 permanent residents (including Sevastopol) according to Rosstat data of March 10, 2017 on the assessment of the permanent population as of January 1, 2017 and the average for 2016.
The population of the Republic of Crimea as of January 1, 2017 is 1,912,168 permanent residents.
The population of Sevastopol as of January 1, 2017 is 428,753 permanent residents.
The population of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol as of January 1, 2016 was 2,323,369 people (1,907,106 and 416,263).
According to the results of the population census in the Crimean Federal District as of October 14, 2014, the number of registered permanent population of the Republic of Crimea was 1,891,465 people, Sevastopol - 393,304 people (total in Crimea - 2,284,769 people). The Republic of Crimea in terms of population ranked 27th among the subjects of the Russian Federation, the city of federal significance Sevastopol - 77th. [Source here and below: 1, 2 - Wikipedia].

Dynamics of the actual population of Crimea according to the censuses of 1926-2014 (columns 2 and 3: including and excluding the City Council of Sevastopol). Data in column 4 - Sevastopol - source 2. 1945 - estimate. 2017 - not according to census results.

Year	Crimea with Sevastopol	Crimea without Sevastopol	Sevastopol
1926	713 823	639 300	74 551
1931	↗ 800 900	↗ 726 600
1937	↗ 994 798	n.a.
1939	↗ 1 126 429	↗ 1 017 325	↗ 109 104
1945	↘ 610 000
1959	↗ 1 201 517	↗ 1 049 395	↗ 148 033
1970	↗ 1 813 502	↗ 1 558 567	↗ 228 904
1979	↗ 2 182 927	↗ 1 849 840	↗ 300 686
1989	↗ 2 458 655	↗ 2 065 829	↗ 356 123
2001	↘ 2 413 228	↘ 2 033 736	↗ 379 492
2014	↘ 2 284 769	↘ 1 891 465	↗ 393 304
2017	↗ 2 340 921	↗ 1 912 168	↗ 428 753

Settlement map of Russians, Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars in Crimeaaccording to the 2014 census.

According to the table below, since the 2001 census, the proportion of Russians in Crimea has increased from 60.68% up 67.90% (by 7.22%) of persons who indicated nationality.During the same time, the share of Ukrainians in Crimea decreased from 24.12% up 15.68% (by 8.44%). The combined share of Crimean Tatars and Tatars increased from 10.26% + 0.57% = 10.83% to 10.57% + 2.05% = 12.62% (1.79% total).

Urbanization. Urban and rural population

According to the 2001 census, with a total population of 2033.7 thousand people (4.3% of the population of Ukraine at that time), urban population republic amounted to 1,274.3 thousand people (62.7%), and rural - 759.4 thousand people (37.3%). The population density was 78 people. per sq. km. Since the all-Union census of 1989, the rural population of Crimea has increased significantly due to the resettlement of Crimean Tatars returning to the peninsula in rural areas.

Russians are the predominant nationality of the Republic of Crimea both in the cities and in the countryside. However, in rural areas their share is lower, since the share of Ukrainians and especially Crimean Tatars was higher among the villagers.
Distribution of the urban and rural population of the Republic of Crimea by nationality (in % of those who indicated nationality) according to the 2014 Census:

Nationality	Everything population	Urban	rural
Russians	65,2 %	74,2 %	56,2 %
Ukrainians	16,0 %	13,8 %	18,2 %
Crimean Tatars	12,6 %	6,6 %	18,6 %
Tatars	2,3 %	1,5 %	3,1 %
Belarusians	1,0 %	0,9 %	1,1 %
Armenians	0,5 %	0,6 %	0,4 %
others	2,4 %	2,4 %	2,4 %

Population of Crimea by place of birth

According to the 2014 census, 56.3% (1247.2 thousand people) of the Crimean population were natives of the peninsula, 15.4% (340.1 thousand people) were natives of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation outside Crimea, 16.1% (356 0 thousand people) were natives of Ukraine, 7.3% (162.6 thousand people) were natives of Uzbekistan, 4.0% (88.1 thousand people) were natives of other CIS countries, 0.9% (13.7 thousand people) natives of non-CIS countries.

Population of urban districts and regions of Crimea

Distribution of the resident population by urban districts and districts of the Republic of Crimea and municipal districts of Sevastopol according to the preliminary results of the population census in the Crimean Federal District as of October 14, 2014, and taking into account the shift in the estimate of the resident population as of July 1, 2014:

urban / municipal county/district	As of 10/14/2014	Urban	%	rural	%
total Crimea	2 284 400	1 323 000	57,90%	961 400	42,10%
Republic of Crimea	1 889 400	958 200	50,70%	931 200	49,30%
Sevastopol	395 000	364 800	92,40%	30 200	7,60%
Simferopol	350 600	330 600	94,30%	20 000	5,70%
Simferopol region	152 100	0	0,00%	152 100	100,00%
Kerch	147 000	147 000	100,00%	0	0,00%
Gagarin MO	136 200	136 200	100,00%	0	0,00%
Yalta	133 600	84 400	63,20%	49 200	36,80%
Evpatoria	119 300	105 700	88,60%	13 600	11,40%
Leninsky MO	108 000	108 000	100,00%	0	0,00%
Feodosia	101 000	69 100	68,40%	31 900	31,60%
Bakhchisaray district	90 900	27 500	30,20%	63 400	69,80%
Nakhimovsky MO	86 100	86 100	100,00%	0	0,00%
Krasnogvardeisky district	83 200	0	0,00%	83 200	100,00%
Saki district	76 400	0	0,00%	76 400	100,00%
Dzhankoysky district	68 300	0	0,00%	68 300	100,00%
Leninsky district	61 200	10 600	17,40%	50 600	82,60%
Belogorsky district	60 400	16 400	27,10%	44 000	72,90%
Alushta	52 300	29 100	55,60%	23 200	44,40%
Kirovsky district	50 800	9 200	18,20%	41 600	81,80%
Nizhnegorsky district	45 100	0	0,00%	45 100	100,00%
Dzhankoy	38 600	38 600	100,00%	0	0,00%
Pervomaisky district	32 800	0	0,00%	32 800	100,00%
Zander	32 300	16 500	51,10%	15 800	48,90%
Sovietsky district	31 900	0	0,00%	31 900	100,00%
Razdolnensky pH	30 600	0	0,00%	30 600	100,00%
Chernomorsky district	30 500	0	0,00%	30 500	100,00%
Balaklavsky MO	27 600	18 700	67,80%	8 900	32,20%
Krasnoperekopsk	26 300	26 300	100,00%	0	0,00%
saki	25 100	25 100	100,00%	0	0,00%
Krasnoperekopsky district	24 700	0	0,00%	24 700	100,00%
Armyansk	24 400	22 000	90,10%	2 400	9,90%
City of Inkerman	10 300	10 300	100,00%	0	0,00%
Kachinsky MO	9 300	5 500	59,00%	3 800	41,00%
Orlinovsky MO	6 200	0	0,00%	6 200	100,00%
Verkhnesadovsky MO	5 400	0	0,00%	5 400	100,00%
Andreevsky MO	3 300	0	0,00%	3 300	100,00%
Ternovsky MO	2 600	0	0,00%	2 600	100,00%

Population of Crimean cities / Largest cities of Crimea

Sevastopol is the largest city of Crimea. Further Simferopol and Kerch and Evpatoria - with a population of more than 100,000 thousand people.

№	City / town / village	Type	Population 2014	APR
1	Sevastopol	city	344 853	Sevastopol
2	Simferopol	city	338 319	City district of Simferopol
3	Kerch	city	144 626	Kerch city district
4	Evpatoria	city	107 040	Evpatoria urban district
5	Yalta	city	78 200	Yalta City District
6	Feodosia	city	69 040	City district of Feodosiya
7	Dzhankoy	city	35 693	Dzhankoy urban district
8	Krasnoperekopsk	city	29 672	Gor. Krasnoperekopsk district
9	Alushta	city	28 295	Alushta urban district
10	Bakhchisaray	city	26 651	Bakhchisaray district
11	saki	city	23 391	Saki urban district
12	Armyansk	city	22 286	City district of Armyansk
13	Belogorsk	city	18 252	Belogorsky district
14	Zander	city	15 532	City district of Sudak
15	Seaside	town	14 975	City district of Feodosiya
16	Guards	town	12 702	Simferopol region
17	Inkerman	city	12 028	Sevastopol
18	October	town	11 684	Krasnogvardeisky district
19	Gresovsky	town	11 509	City district of Simferopol
20	Gaspra	town	11 384	Yalta City District
21	Shchelkino	city	11 169	Leninsky district
22	Black Sea	town	11 092	Chernomorsky region
23	Krasnogvardeyskoe	town	10 779	Krasnogvardeisky district
24	Soviet	town	10 069	Sovietsky district
25	Old Crimea	city	9478	Kirovsky district
26	Nizhnegorsky	town	9436	Nizhnegorsky district
27	Gurzuf	town	9152	Yalta City District
28	Pervomaiskoye	town	8964	Pervomaisky district
29	Massandra	town	8623	Yalta City District
30	Alupka	town	8528	Yalta City District
31	Mirnoe	village	8391	Simferopol region
32	Lenino	town	7826	Leninsky district
33	Novoozernoe	town	7393	Evpatoria urban district
34	Razdolnoe	town	7291	Razdolnensky district
35	Pioneer	village	7265	Simferopol region
36	Youth	town	7261	Simferopol region
37	Zuya	town	7156	Belogorsky district
38	Kirovskoe	town	7069	Kirovsky district
39	Vilino	village	6913	Bakhchisaray district
40	Sunrise	village	6810	Krasnogvardeisky district
41	Petrovka	village	6717	Krasnogvardeisky district
42	Novofedorovka	town	6584	Saki district
43	Koreiz	town	6337	Yalta City District
44	Partenite	town	6086	Alushta urban district
45	Agricultural	town	6093	City district of Simferopol
46	Kacha	town	5137	Sevastopol
47	Zaozernoe	town	5023	Evpatoria urban district

National composition of Crimea

• In 1778, almost all Armenians and Greeks living in the Crimea (about half of the population of the peninsula) were resettled in the Azov province by A. Suvorov, at the direction of Catherine II.
• 1795 - 156,400 people (87.6% Crimean Tatars, 4.3% Russians, 1.9% Greeks, 1.7% Gypsies, 1.5% Karaites, 1.3% Ukrainians, 0.8% Jews, 0.6% Armenians, 0.1% Germans, 0.1% Bulgarians)
• 1897 - 546,700 people (35.6% Crimean Tatars, 33.1% Russians, 11.8% Ukrainians, 5.8% Germans, 4.4% Jews, 3.1% Greeks, 1.5% Armenians, 1.3% Bulgarians, 1.2% Poles, 0.3% Turks)
• 1917 - 749,800 people (41.2% Russians, 28.7% Crimean Tatars, 8.6% Ukrainians, 6.4% Jews, 4.9% Germans, 2.9% Greeks, 1.6% Armenians, 1.4% Bulgarians, 0.8% Poles, 0.7% Turks)
• 1939 - 1,123,800 people (49.6% Russians, 19.4% Crimean Tatars, 13.7% Ukrainians, 5.8% Jews, 4.5% Germans, 1.8% Greeks, 1.4% Bulgarians , 1.1% Armenians, 0.5% Poles)
• 1944 (end of summer) - 379,000 people (75% Russians, 21% Ukrainians)
• 1959 - 1,201,500 people (71.4% Russians, 22.3% Ukrainians, 2.2% Jews, 0.1% Poles)
• 1989 - 2,430,500 people (67.1% Russians, 25.8% Ukrainians, 1.6% Crimean Tatars, 0.7% Jews, 0.3% Poles, 0.1% Greeks)
• 2001 - without the city of Sevastopol - 2,024,056 people (58.3% Russians, 24.3% Ukrainians, 12.1% Crimean Tatars, 1.4% Belarusians, 0.5% Tatars, 0.4% Armenians, 0.2% each of Jews, Poles, Moldovans, Azerbaijanis, 0.1% each of Uzbeks, Koreans, Greeks, Germans, Mordovians, Chuvashs, Gypsies, Bulgarians, Georgians and Maris, as well as Karaites, Krymchaks, Italians, and others).
• 2014 - from the city of Sevastopol - 2,284,800 people, including 2,197,600 people who indicated their nationality, among which: 67.9% Russians, 15.7% Ukrainians, 10.6% Crimean Tatars, 2.0% Tatars (including Tatars with a Crimean Tatar language), 1.0% Belarusians and 0.5% Armenians, 2.3% others.
• 2014 - without the city of Sevastopol - 1,889,400 people (65% Russians, 16% Ukrainians, 13% Crimean Tatars).

Ethnic composition data from the last two population censuses in Crimea (with Sevastopol)

Nationality	2001	% total*	% uk	2014	%tot	% uk
Total	2 401 209	100,00%		2 284 769	100,00%
Russians	1 450 394	60,40%	60,68%	1 492 078	65,31%	67,90%
Ukrainians	576 647	24,01%	24,12%	344 515	15,08%	15,68%
Crimean Tatars	245 291	10,22%	10,26%	232 340	10,17%	10,57%
Tatars	13 602	0,57%	0,57%	44 996	1,97%	2,05%
Belarusians	35 157	1,46%	1,47%	21 694	0,95%	0,99%
Armenians	10 088	0,42%	0,42%	11 030	0,48%	0,50%
Azerbaijanis	4 377	0,18%	0,18%	4 432	0,19%	0,20%
Uzbeks	3 087	0,13%	0,13%	3 466	0,15%	0,16%
Moldovans	4 562	0,19%	0,19%	3 147	0,14%	0,14%
Jews	5 531	0,23%	0,23%	3 144	0,14%	0,14%
Koreans	3 027	0,13%	0,13%	2 983	0,13%	0,14%
Greeks	3 036	0,13%	0,13%	2 877	0,13%	0,13%
Poles	4 459	0,19%	0,19%	2 843	0,12%	0,13%
gypsies	1 905	0,08%	0,08%	2 388	0,10%	0,11%
Chuvash	2 679	0,11%	0,11%	1 990	0,09%	0,09%
Bulgarians	2 282	0,10%	0,10%	1 868	0,08%	0,09%
Germans	2 790	0,12%	0,12%	1 844	0,08%	0,08%
Mordva	2 574	0,11%	0,11%	1 601	0,07%	0,07%
Georgians	2 137	0,09%	0,09%	1 571	0,07%	0,07%
Turks	988	0,04%	0,04%	1 465	0,06%	0,07%
Tajiks	808	0,03%	0,03%	874	0,04%	0,04%
Mari	1 192	0,05%	0,05%	801	0,04%	0,04%
Karaites	715	0,03%	0,03%	535	0,02%	0,02%
Krymchaks	280	0,01%	0,01%	228	0,01%	0,01%
other	14 507	0,60%	0,61%	12 854	0,56%	0,58%
indicated

Lesson No. Crimean Studies Grade 9A

Topic. FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL AND CONFESSIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE CRIMEA

Target: to continue the formation of knowledge about the population of Crimea.

Tasks:

educational:

To acquaint with the peculiarities of the national and confessional (religious) composition of the Crimean population.

Developing:

Develop the ability to generalize and systematize knowledge.

Develop skills in working with the text of the textbook.

Educational:

To educate citizenship and patriotism, respect for the culture and history of their country and the peoples inhabiting it.

Equipment: map of Crimea, atlases, notebooks on a printed basis (author A.V. Suprychev)

Lesson type: learning new material.

During the classes

I . Organizing time

II . Updating of basic knowledge

Expand the concept of "nationality", "ethnos" (Nationality - in modern Russian, a term denoting a person's belonging to a certain ethnic community. E tonos ( - ) - established stable , united by common or , in which different directions ( ) include origin, , , , , , , and other.

III . Motivation for cognitive activity

The peculiarity of the Crimea is its multinationality. For more than one century, and maybe even a millennium, people of various nationalities have peacefully coexisted and still coexist on an area of ​​​​27 thousand km².

The history of Crimea tells about a whole chain of dramatic events: invasions, seizures, wars.

 The most ancient population of the Crimean peninsula werebrands .  Subsequently, even before our era, immigrants from the Mediterranean invaded here and founded coloniesGreeks and Romans .

 In the II-IV century AD, Crimea was ruled byGoths and Huns . All this time, the Roman Empire tried to restore its possessions and it succeeded.

 Over time, in the Crimea appearArmenians, which mainly inhabited Kafa (Feodosia) and the old Crimea.

 In the 13th century, Crimea was capturedTatar-Mongols .

Proclaimed independent in the 15th centuryCrimean Khanate.

In 1783, Catherine II signed the Manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire.

The Crimean peninsula survived several more wars: Crimean, Civil, Great Patriotic. It was occupied by Germany and Romania.

In 1954, Crimea became an oblast of the Ukrainian SSR.

In 2014 he returned to Russia again.

IV . Learning new material

By the end of the twentieth century. in the Crimea, a complex conglomeration of peoples and nationalities was formed.

The 2014 population census recorded representatives of 175 nationalities and nationalities living in Crimea.

Task 1. Describe the current ethnic composition of the Crimean population. Select the largest ethnic groups(page 37).

Writing in a notebook (p. 30) - task number 1.

Russians - 68%

Ukrainians - 15.7%

Crimean Tatars - 10.6%

Tatars - 2%

Belarusians - 1%

Armenians - 0.2%

Among other peoples stand out:

numbering from 1 to 5 thousand people - Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Jews, Koreans, Greeks, Poles, Gypsies, Chuvashs, Bulgarians, Germans, Mordovians, Georgians, Turks;

less than 1000 people - Tajiks, Maris, Bashkirs, Udmurts, Ossetians, Kazakhs, Arabs

Karaites - 535 people

Krymchaks - 228 people

Task 2. Analyze the table of dynamics of the ethnic composition of the population of Crimea, determine the reasons for the change in the number of peoples over the given period

Nationality

1989 (%)

2001 (%)

2014 (%)

Russians

67,05

60,67

67,90

Ukrainians

25,75

24,12

15,68

Crimean Tatars

1,58

10,26

10,57

Tatars

0,44

0,57

2,05

Belarusians

2,06

1,47

0,99

Armenians

0,11

0,42

0,50

others

3,01

2,93

2,32

100,00

100

100,00

Students' messages about the peoples of Crimea - "Oral Journal".

 Russians they began to settle in Crimea after the annexation of Crimea to Russia in the 18th century. Mass migrations were observed at the end of the 19th century. They mainly settled on the southern coast of Crimea.

 Ukrainians appeared in Crimea back in the period of the Crimean Khanate, when they were taken prisoner during raids. After the transfer of Crimea from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR, Ukrainians were sent to the north of Crimea for land development.

 Population fromCrimean Tatars formed in the 15th century and lived in the Crimea until the middle of the 20th century. Then they were evicted to Central Asia and accused of collaborating with Germany. They began to return to Crimea in 1989.

 Armenians in Crimeaappeared in the thirteenth century. Now there are about 8,000 Armenians living in Crimea.

 Karaites in Crimeaappeared in the late Middle Ages, lived mainly in Evpatoria, Feodosia and not far from Bakhchisarai. Today there are less than a thousand of them.

Task 3. How are the concepts of “regional identity”, “Crimeans” and the motto of Crimea “Prosperity in unity” related to each other?"? (page 37).

Regional identity - this is the feeling by all people of different ethnic groups of their direct involvement in everything that happens in the region, which they consider their small homeland.

For the peoples of Crimearegional identity defined by the concept"Crimeans" which unitesvarious peoples of Crimea, regardless of language and religion.

Task 4. Reveal the features of the confessional composition of the population of Crimea (p. 30).

In modernconfessional (religious) structure Crimea is represented by many religions. This is due to the complex history of the settlement of the peninsula. As of January 1, 2014, 1,409 religious communities were registered in Crimea.

Communities of two world religions

Christianity (69%) Islam (29%)

Christianity in Crimea has an ancient history. According to legend, the Apostle Andrew the First-Called was the first to preach here.

Directions of Christianity:

 orthodoxy,

Catholicism,

Protestantism,

ancient eastern Armenian apostolic church.

Spreadingorthodoxy begins with the advent of the Greeks in the 1st century AD. e. In the 15th century, persecution of the Orthodox began in the Crimea, when the Turks invaded the peninsula. It was forbidden to speak Greek, so services were conducted only in temples. At the end of the 18th century, Crimea passed into the hands of the Russians.

Ancient and medieval churches and monasteries have been preserved in Crimea:Shuldan, Eski-Kermen, Mangup-Kale, Inkermansky and Uspensky .

Orthodoxy has the communities of the Moscow and Kiev Patriarchates.

According to legend, it was in the Crimea around 97 AD. Saint Clement was martyred, Pope. From the beginning of the 4th century, Constantine the Great gave Christianity the status of the state religion of the Roman Empire. During this period, Rome owned the former Greek settlements of the Bosporan kingdom and Chersonesus.

After the end of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, as in the whole country,catholic the church in the Crimea was subjected to severe persecution. In the 1920s and 1930s, services in all Catholic churches of the peninsula ceased, the priests were repressed.

The restoration of the normal functioning of the Catholic Church on the peninsula began in 1991. There are 13 parishes in Crimea.

Lutheranism (Protestantism)

The German Evangelical Lutheran Church traces its history back to the Lutheran home communities of German settlers in the mid-18th century.. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Lutheran faith flourished in Crimea - 168 evangelical communities, 20,913 believers. In 1937, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Already in 1930, the first forced evictions of independent German peasants from the Crimea began. At the end of the war, the last Germans were expelled from the Crimea. With the expulsion of all Germans, church work fell into complete decline.

There are currently seven registered communities in Crimea belonging to the German Evangelical Lutheran Church.

Armenian Christianity appeared in the XI century after the invasion of the Seljuk Turks into Armenia, when Armenians emigrated to the Crimea for permanent residence. They mainly settle in the mountainous southeastern Crimea. At the beginning of the 15th century, Armenians began building temples in the Crimea.

In 1778 the Crimean Armenians were deported. With the entry of Crimea into Russia, many Armenians return there. In 1944, the deportation of Armenians from the Crimea was carried out. They only returned there in the 1960s.

The most famous Armenian monastery isSurb-Khach (Holy Cross) - founded in XIV in. in the vicinity of Stary Krym. Armenian churches operate in Yevpatoriya, Kerch, Simferopol, Feodosiya, Yalta, Kirov region.

SpreadingIslam (translated from Arabic - submissive) in Crimea begins in the 7th century under the influence of Khorezm and Volga Bulgaria. ancientmosques of Sultan Baybars was built in 1262 inSolkhate (Old Crimea). In the XIII century, under the influence of Genghis Khan, the active spread of religion begins.

Since 1475, the peninsula begins to spreadSunni Islam, associated with the arrival of the Turks. Since the mid-20s of the 20th century, Islamic literature began to be removed from libraries in Crimea. After the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, mosques and Muslim communities ceased to operate on the peninsula. With their return back in the 80s, the revival of Islam begins.

Nowadaysoldest active in Crimea and Eastern Europe isKhan Uzbek mosque in the city of Stary Krym.

History of the CrimeanJews originates from the moment the first Jewish settlers appeared on the territory of Taurida in ancient times.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, in 1783, a new era begins in Crimean Judea, associated with the mass resettlement of Yiddish-speaking Jews to the peninsula.

During the German occupation, almost all Jews living here were killed. Nevertheless, the life of the Crimean Jews revived after the end of the war, but again began to decline after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the departure of a significant part of the Crimean Jews to Israel after 1991.

Karaimism – Karaite Judaism . The Karaites consider the cave city of Chufut-Kale near Bakhchisarai to be their "family nest". It was from there that the Karaite families began to settle throughout the Russian Empire. Now there are 8 Karaite communities. The center of the spiritual and cultural life of the Karaites arekenasses (prayer house) in Evpatoria, which were restored in 2000.

V . Fixing:

- Name the branches of Christianity.

How are the concepts of “regional identity”, “Crimeans” related?

VI . Outcome.

What new did you learn in the lesson?

Giving marks for class work.

VII . Homework: § 11, RT p. 31 No. 3 in writing; No. 2 (p. 41 in the textbook) optional.

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD OF THE LESSONCrimean studies Grade 6 Lesson No. 14

Theme: "I, you, he, she - together a friendly family!". The population of Crimea, its district, settlement.

Planned results: personal: to form interest in the subject and the need for new knowledge; contribute to the expansion of horizons about the "small" Motherland-Crimea;

metasubject: to form the ability to analyze and compare information;

subject: to organize work with students on the assimilation of knowledge about the dynamics of the population of Crimea, to form the concepts of "regional identity", "Crimeans", knowledge of the national structure of the population,

Lesson type : learning new material

Equipment: map of the population of Crimea; a notebook with a printed base edited by A.V. Suprychev, textbook "Crimea studies", a multimedia complex with direct Internet access, an atlas of Crimea

During the classes

Lesson stages

Teacher activity

Student activities

1. Motivation of educational activity

From 14 to 25 October 2014, the first population census was conducted in Crimea as part of the Russian Federation. I think that it is interesting for every person to know: how many people live today in our “Crimean house”, in our “Crimean family”, especially since no one has dealt with this issue since 2001!

Analyze. They draw conclusions.

Participate in setting the objectives of the lesson.

2.Updating basic knowledge

What is called population?

What people do you know living in the Crimea?

Oral conversation.

3.Organization of cognitive activity

In the entire history of mankind, 80 billion people were born on Earth. Every second, 3 children are born on Earth, but what is happening in Crimea?

The population of Crimea. As of January 1, 2015, the permanently resident population was2284.8 thousand person, of them 83% live in the Republic of Crimea, but 17% - in the federal city of Sevastopol. Compared with the previous census of 2001, the population of the Crimean peninsula decreased by 116 thousand people (approximately the population of the city of Evpatoria is 106 thousand).

Features of the modern national composition of the Crimea. - 175 nations and nationalities. - numerous ethnic groups: Russians, Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars - small peoples; - ancient peoples: Karaites and Krymchaks.

State languages.

Regional identity is the feeling by people of different ethnic groups of their direct involvement in everything that happens in the region, which they consider to be their small homeland.

Motto " Prosperity in Unity"

Students are offered a slide from Wikipedia"Population of subjects of the Russian Federation" , where the Republic of Crimea is on the 27th line, and the city of Sevastopol is on the 77th line.

Republic of Crimea - 1.895915 people . Sevastopol-398 973 people (the largest city in terms of population in the Crimea). Determined by the text of the textbook p.81.

The official languages ​​are called:Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar.

Write the definition in a notebook.

They come to the conclusion that this concept unites all the peoples of Crimea.

4. Summing up

Consolidation.

Questions and tasks on page 82 of the textbook.

Reflection. Share your impressions of the lesson:

Today I found out...

I realized that...

Lesson taught me for life...

I was surprised...

I wanted…

Homework: §19, to prepare messages, presentations about the peoples of Crimea.

Oral conversation on the material covered.

Share your impressions of the lesson.