Planning an audit of cash flow transactions

The main purpose of an audit of transactions with funds is to establish the reliability of transactions with funds, verify compliance by an economic entity with the established procedure for accounting and writing off funds from the bank's current and other accounts, the validity of expenses, and the correctness of reflection in accounting and reporting of data on the availability and flow of funds .

The purpose of the audit is determined by legislation, the system of regulatory regulation of auditing activities, and the contractual obligations of the auditor and the client.

The main purpose of an audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, the completeness and accuracy of recording cash and banking transactions.

To achieve the main goal of auditing compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, completeness and accuracy of reflection in the accounting of cash and banking transactions, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

ensuring control over the availability and safety of funds;

the correctness and validity of writing off funds from current and other bank accounts;

correct registration and recording of cash flow transactions;

correct reflection of data on the availability and flow of funds in accounting for current and other bank accounts;

reliability of the data presented in the accounting and cash flow statements.

Planning is one of the most important stages of an audit, since without developing a general strategy and a detailed approach, a high-quality audit is impossible.

The objects of an audit of funds at an enterprise are: primary documents of transactions on cash flows at the cash desk, in current and other bank accounts.

When conducting an audit of funds, they are checked by:

safety;

legality and correctness of documentation of transactions with funds;

the correct reflection of cash transactions in the accounting accounts.

Taking into account these tasks, it is checked whether measures have been taken at the Vector LLC enterprise to ensure the safety of funds. To do this you need to install:

whether financially responsible persons have been appointed by order of the head of the enterprise and whether written agreements on full individual financial responsibility have been concluded with them;

whether conditions have been created for financially responsible persons to ensure the safety of material assets;

whether a permanent commission has been appointed by order of the manager to conduct an inspection of the safety of material assets;

whether an inventory and random check of the safety of funds is carried out, and whether their results are documented.

The information base used by the auditor when checking monetary transactions includes:

basic regulatory documents governing the procedure for conducting cash, banking and settlement operations, as well as accounting for these operations;

order on the accounting policy of the organization;

financial statements - Balance sheet and appendix to the financial statements “Cash Flow Statement”;

tax reporting (information on ruble accounts and accounts in foreign currency);

general ledger (form KO-4),

journal-order 1 and statement 1, journal-order 2 and statement 2 (with a journal-order form of accounting);

registers of synthetic accounting of monetary transactions on account 50 and accounts 51, 55 (for other forms of bookkeeping);

primary documents documenting transactions with funds: cashier's reports with attached primary documents (receipt and expenditure cash orders, pay slips, receipts, etc.); check money books; bank statements for ruble and foreign currency accounts with attached primary documents (invoices, payment orders, payment requests-orders, advice notes), etc.

According to the order on accounting policies, the auditor becomes familiar with:

with a working chart of accounts used by the enterprise to reflect cash transactions in accounting;

the used accounting form and the list of registers for cash accounting;

document flow (document flow schedule) of primary documents related to cash accounting;

a list of persons who are authorized to sign monetary and settlement documents.

Let's consider the main stages of conducting an audit and operations with funds at the enterprise in question, LLC "Vector".

1) Determination of the purpose and main objectives of the audit, selection of regulations.

2) Drawing up an audit program for checking funds.

Based on the work plan previously agreed upon with the client, before the start of the audit, the head of the audit team draws up a program for performing audit services.

The audit program is a development of the audit plan and is a list of audit procedures that are necessary for each specific part of the audit.

There are two types of audit program:

a program of control tests that contain procedures for collecting information about the functioning of the enterprise’s internal control system;

account balance verification programs that contain procedures for collecting information directly about account balances.

The audit program itself can be characterized as “detailed instructions” for the complete collection of information sufficient to draw up a reasonable and objective conclusion about the audited entities in accordance with the order and contract.

When determining the audit program, auditors need to have a good understanding of the nature of the activities that the audit firm carries out, the period for which the audit is carried out and the purpose of the audit.

In most cases, the object of the audit is the consolidated financial statements of the organization or the activities of its branches and independent structural divisions. The period for which the audit is carried out is the reporting year, but it can also be a separate month, quarter or the entire period of operation of the enterprise.

The audit program includes the following factors:

the work schedule of auditors, which determines the deadlines for the preparation and submission of materials for drawing up an opinion;

detailed procedures. The program describes in detail all the procedures necessary to implement the audit plan, as well as the goals and objectives for each area of ​​the audit;

control of audit work. The program is also a basic document for monitoring the execution of assignments by auditors and assistants in the audit team;

staff. The program determines the number of personnel required for the audit, the volume and content of their work.

Each auditor independently sets requirements for the forms of audit programs. The audit firm develops its audit plan standards.

The audit program includes a list of audit procedures that the auditor must perform in the course of his work, and the time of their implementation.

When carrying out each audit procedure, when drawing up a program, the auditor makes a decision on the amount of data to be verified - the size of the sample (continuous or selective).

A complete check is carried out when necessary and takes a lot of time and labor. The selective method from general to specific is used mainly for large organizations.

3) Determining the feasibility of using the results of internal audit work through substantive testing of controls and procedures.

The control testing program is a list of a set of actions designed to collect information about the functioning of the internal control and accounting system. The programs help to identify significant deficiencies, being an integral part of the working documentation of the audit, and contribute to the documentation of the audit process and its results.

Business transaction tests are designed to check for quantitative errors and identify irregularities to confirm the accuracy of financial statement items.

Testing of balance sheet items is focused on the General Ledger base. This is confirmation of accounts receivable and creditors, examination of inventories, calculation of funds and others.

In practice, most audit firms have their own, independently developed tests for assessing the internal control system, which are only slightly modified based on the specifics of the organization of activities and the structure of the enterprise.

The cash audit test program for the company in question, LLC "Vector", is presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

Tests for checking the state of internal control and accounting systems for cash transactions at Vector LLC

№	Content of the question or object of study	Contents of the response (verification result)	Auditor's findings and decisions
A. Internal control
	Have you concluded a liability agreement with the manager?	There is an order and an agreement	The order and agreement meet the established requirements
	Have conditions been created to ensure the safety of funds?	The cash desk is equipped with an alarm system, funds are stored in a safe	Proper conditions for storing funds are ensured
	Are cases of signing blank checks and payment orders allowed?	Yes	Control risk is low
	Are cash orders and bank payment documents recorded in log books?	Log books are kept	Control risk is low
	Are the necessary details in cash documents completely filled out?	Some documents are missing dates, there are corrections, duplicate numbers	Control risk is high. Pay attention to the paperwork
	Are cash balances withdrawn from the cash register daily?	No	It is necessary to conduct a surprise check of the cash register
	Are there surprise cash checks?	Not carried out in the reporting year	Control risk is high
	How regularly are the cashier's reports submitted to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant?	The cashier's reports are transferred to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant at the end of the week	Current control has been weakened. Control risk is high
	Does the head of the enterprise sign cash receipts documents?	Yes	Control risk is low
	Is the completeness of the receipt of received funds checked?	Selectively, irregularly	You should check the completeness of the receipt of funds
	Is the established cash limit respected?	Yes	Control is satisfactory
	Is the intended use of funds received from the bank checked?	Yes	Control is satisfactory
	Are the established deadlines for the mandatory sale of part of the foreign currency earnings violated?	Not violated	Control is satisfactory
	How regularly does the chief accountant check the compliance of data from primary bank documents and accounting registers?	Weekly	Control is satisfactory
	Is the compliance of banking transactions with agreements checked?	Monthly	You should check the procedure for settlements under contracts
B. Accounting system
	Have there been developed schemes for recording cash transactions in accounts?	Only the working chart of accounts is defined, there are no diagrams	There may be errors in invoice correspondence
	How often are cash book data verified with data from accounting registers and primary documents?	Quarterly	There is a possibility of errors in accounting registers within individual months
	How are bank statements regularly processed and recorded?	Bank statement data is reflected in accounting on 3-4 days	There may be errors in invoice correspondence
	Do the accounting register data correspond to the Cash Flow Statement?	Compliant
	Is the compliance of cash flow register data checked?	Monthly	The accounting system is satisfactory

4) Establishing the correspondence of financial reporting data to cash accounting accounts.

5) Checking the organization of financial responsibility.

6) Documentation of cash flows.

7) Identification of significant violations of cash accounting, reporting and compliance with legislation. Having identified significant issues that require the auditor’s professional judgment, along with the conclusions drawn on these issues, the auditor reflects them in the working documentation in accordance with Federal Auditing Standard No. 2 “Documentation of an Audit.”

8) Expressing an opinion on the reliability of reporting in terms of cash accounting.

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Introduction

1. Methodology of accounting and audit of funds

1.1 Concept, goals and economic essence of audit

1.2 Goals and objectives of the audit

1.3 Stages of audit

1.4 Requirements, legislation, regulatory regulation of auditing activities

2. Planning an audit of cash transactions of the enterprise Sfera LLC

2.1 Structure of the audited enterprise Sfera LLC

2.2 Plan and program for the audit of funds of the enterprise Sfera LLC

2.3 Checking the accounting of transactions on a current account in banks

Conclusion

List of sources used

Applications

monetary auditing

Introduction

Currently, the Russian economy is undergoing significant changes at both the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. A modern market economy system is emerging, the nature and methods of economic activity of enterprises and organizations within this system are changing.

Financial control has been and remains one of the most important elements of market relations. Such control can be state or independent. The latter is called "audit". The main purpose of the audit is to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entities and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Data on the use of property and funds, on the conduct of commercial transactions and the direction of investments by legal entities can be objectively confirmed by an independent auditor.

All enterprises, carrying out production and economic activities, enter into relationships with other enterprises, organizations, institutions, employees of the enterprise and individuals. These relationships are based on various monetary transactions in the process of procurement, production and sale of products, works or services. Cash payments between enterprises are limited and strictly regulated. In a market economy, one should proceed from the principle that skillful use of funds can bring additional income to an enterprise, and therefore, it is necessary to constantly think about the rational investment of temporarily free funds to obtain additional profit. The correct organization of settlement operations ensures the stability of the turnover of the organization’s funds, strengthening its contractual and settlement discipline and improving its financial condition. Cash is the financial resources of an organization, the most highly liquid assets that can ensure the fulfillment of obligations of any level and type. The timely repayment of the company's accounts payable depends on their availability in sufficient quantities. This course work examines the issues of auditing funds and cash transactions of an enterprise. Despite the apparent simplicity of accounting for cash payments and, in particular, cash transactions, however, many practitioners commit gross violations of the current rules of accounting and cash settlements. This sometimes results in significant financial losses for the company in the form of penalties.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that checking and maintaining records of an enterprise’s funds is a prerequisite for forming an opinion on the reliability of financial statements in all existing aspects.

The subject of the study is the reliability of the reflection in the accounting of funds of the enterprise, as well as the compliance of the organization of cash accounting with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The object of the study is the financial and economic activities of the enterprise LLC "Sfera", in the city of Ukhta.

The period under review is the 1st quarter of 2010.

The main goal of the work is to establish the legality, reliability and expediency of transactions with the enterprise’s funds, and the correctness of their reflection in accounting.

When studying this topic, I set the following tasks:

Expand the concepts and objectives of the audit in general;

Identify the most important issues to be studied at the preliminary review stage of a cash audit;

Assess the quality of organizing internal control over the movement and safety of funds;

Check the procedure for conducting transactions with funds for compliance with current legislation;

Provide a brief description of the report based on the results of the audit.

1. Methodology of accounting and audit of funds

1.1 Concept, goals and economic essence of audit

Auditing is a functional science of methods and techniques of independent financial control. It is interconnected with such functional sciences as accounting (financial and managerial), business analysis, operational management (regulation, coordination and monitoring of plans), financial control, including its various forms.

Audit as a science is a system of knowledge about the methods and techniques of independent financial control. Audit as a practice is a type of management activity that boils down to independent financial control of accounting and evaluation of accounting (financial) statements.

The subject of the audit is one of the main functions of management, one of the types of socially necessary activities to provide users with reliable information about the accounting statements of the audited entity for making decisions by users of these statements, i.e. feedback is provided between economic entities and users.

The object of the audit is the accounting (financial) statements of organizations and the reflection in them of the final production and economic activities of organizations.

Audit methodology is a set of special techniques, i.e. specific procedures, calculations, mathematical models, comparisons used to substantiate an opinion on the degree of reliability of reporting.

Audit evidence is obtained from performing substantive procedures and tests of internal controls.

Along with the concept of “audit”, the term “auditing activity” is also distinguished. In accordance with Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 and international experience, auditing activities include three components: audit, audit-related services, and other audit services.

Audit is a specific information system for ensuring legal protection of the property interests of owners and the state on the basis of independent control of the reliability of reporting, the financial condition of business entities and assisting them in setting up accounting and management, compliance with the legality of economic activity, including taxation requirements, etc.

Audit-related services are services other than auditing, the list of which is established by federal auditing standards. These include review audits, agreed procedures, compilation of financial statements (federal standards No. 24. 30. 31. 33).

An approximate list of other audit services contains Part 7 of Art. 1 Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ “On auditing activities”, for example:

Establishment, restoration and maintenance of accounting records, preparation of financial statements, accounting consulting;

Analysis of financial and economic activities of organizations and individual entrepreneurs, economic and financial consulting;

Valuation activities;

Training in areas related to auditing, etc.

Auditing standards represent uniform requirements for the procedure for carrying out auditing activities, design and assessment of the quality of audits and related services, for the procedure for training auditors and assessing their qualifications

Auditing activity is the activity of conducting an audit and providing audit services, carried out by audit organizations and individual auditors.

An auditor (from the Latin Auditor - listener, student, follower) is a person who checks the state of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise for a certain period. An auditor differs from an auditor in its essence: in its approach to document verification; relationship with the client; conclusions drawn from the results of the inspection, etc. Audit is much broader than such concepts as audit and control. It provides not only verification of the reliability of financial indicators, but also, no less important, the development of proposals for optimizing business activities in order to rationalize costs and increase profits.

1.2 Audit goals and objectives

The goals and objectives of auditing activities are very multifaceted. The advantage belongs to external audit. Its purpose and main objectives are defined in Federal Law No. 307 of December 30, 2008 and the Federal Rules (Standards) of Auditing, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 23, 2002 No. 696. The main goal of an external audit is to provide objective, real and accurate information about the audited object. The achievement of the main goal is facilitated by the current requirements for auditing activities. First of all - independence and objectivity when conducting audits, as well as confidentiality, professionalism, competence and integrity of the auditor

External audit is carried out on a contractual basis by audit organizations and individual auditors in order to objectively assess the state of affairs in the field of accounting and financial reporting of an economic entity.

Internal audit is an independent activity to verify and evaluate the work of an organization for the benefit of its managers. The purpose of internal audit is to help the organization's employees perform their functions effectively. This work is carried out by auditors working directly for the same company. Small organizations may not have full-time auditors. In this case, the internal audit can be entrusted to an audit commission or an audit firm on a contractual basis.

An audit can be proactive (voluntary), when it is carried out by decision of the management of the enterprise or its founders, or mandatory, if its conduct is stipulated by a direct instruction in the Federal Law or Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The main goal of a proactive audit is to identify shortcomings in accounting, reporting, and taxation, to analyze the financial condition of a business entity and to help it organize accounting and reporting. It is usually carried out by decision of the management of an economic entity. The goals of a proactive audit can be very different, for example: monitoring the state of accounting as a whole or its individual sections; study of financial statements; organization of office work in accounting; assessment of used accounting automation tools and methods; assessment of the state of tax calculations, etc. It can be either comprehensive or thematic; in the latter case, only individual sections and areas of accounting are subject to control and analysis. The most time-consuming and responsible is a complete and complete verification of accounting data, starting with primary documents. Another thing is to conduct an inventory of assets and liabilities, a random check of primary accounting data or only the data contained in accounting registers and reporting. The methodology for conducting an initiative audit may differ from conducting a mandatory audit.

Mandatory audit in our country is carried out in accordance with Art. 5 Federal Law No. 307 of December 31, 2008, which presents the essence of the annual mandatory audit of accounting and financial reporting of an organization or individual entrepreneur.

Mandatory audit, according to the Federal Law, is carried out in the following cases:

If the organization has the organizational and legal form of an open joint stock company;

The organization is a credit organization, a credit history bureau, an insurance organization or a mutual insurance company, a commodity or stock exchange, an investment fund, a state extra-budgetary fund, the source of the formation of funds of which is the mandatory calculations provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, made by individuals and legal entities, the fund, the sources of the formation of funds which are voluntary contributions of individuals and legal entities;

The volume of revenue of an organization or individual entrepreneur from the sale of products (performance of work or provision of services) for the previous reporting year exceeds 50 million rubles or the amount of balance sheet assets at the end of the year preceding the reporting year exceeds 20 million rubles;

In other cases established by federal laws.

According to the object of study, it is customary to distinguish three types of audit: financial, compliance and operational.

A financial audit (audit of financial statements) involves assessing the reliability of financial information. The evaluation criteria are usually generally accepted accounting principles.

A compliance audit is designed to identify how an enterprise complies with specific rules, regulations, laws, regulations, contractual obligations that affect the results of operations or reports.

Operational auditing is used to examine the procedures and methods of operation of an enterprise, assessing productivity and efficiency. It can be used to check the implementation of business plans, various target programs, etc.

Depending on the intended goals, operational audits are carried out at intersectoral, sectoral, intra-business levels, by external or internal auditors, in the interests of external or internal users.

Based on the frequency of audits, a distinction is made between initial and periodic audits. An initial audit is an inspection that is carried out for the first time at a given enterprise. Periodic audits are carried out at this enterprise, usually annually.

1.3 Audit stages

An audit includes several stages: preparation for the audit, collection of evidence and drawing up an audit report.

Preparation of an audit includes drawing up a letter about the audit and entering into an agreement. The audit letter is drawn up on the basis of Federal Standard No. 12. In reaching an agreement with the management of the audited entity, the auditor can use an audit letter - a document sent by the auditor to the proposed audited entity and signed by the management of the audited entity if they agree with the main terms of the audit engagement .

The purpose of the audit letter is to regulate the obligations of an economic entity and an audit organization or an auditor working independently as an individual entrepreneur at the stage of concluding an agreement to conduct an audit. In the case of repeated audits over a number of years, the auditor must decide whether there is a need to revise the terms of the audit engagement or remind the auditee of the existing terms of the contract.

In order to reduce business risk, audit organizations must have reliable criteria for assessing potential clients. The audit organization collects objective information about a potential client. Sources of such information may be: mass media; banks; insurance organizations; business partners, etc. If the results of the work performed indicate that when working with a given entity, the auditor’s business risk will be too high, and the audit will be too labor-intensive, the audit contract may not be concluded. An agreement is considered concluded if an agreement is reached between the parties in the form required in appropriate cases on all essential terms of the agreement.

Planning of audit activities is regulated by Federal Standard No. 3. The provisions of the standard apply primarily to recurring audits. For an audit that is being conducted for a given entity for the first time, the auditor is required to expand the planning process to include issues other than those specified in Federal Standard No. 3. Issues for conducting an initial audit are further addressed in Federal Standard No. 19.

Audit planning includes the following main stages: preliminary, preparation and drawing up of a general audit plan, preparation and drawing up of an audit program.

In the process of preparing the general plan and audit program, the effectiveness of the internal control system operating at the economic entity is assessed, and the internal control system itself is assessed. The internal control system is effective if it promptly warns about the occurrence of unreliable information and identifies it. When assessing the effectiveness of the internal control system, the audit organization must collect a sufficient amount of audit evidence. If the audit firm decides to rely on the internal control and accounting systems to obtain a reasonable degree of assurance about the reliability of the financial statements, it must adjust the scope of the forthcoming audit.

The results of the procedures carried out by the audit organization in preparing the general plan and program should be documented in detail, since they serve as the basis for planning the audit and can be used throughout the process of conducting audits of sections and accounts of accounting.

The general list of audit objects when drawing up a general audit plan covers the following items:

Constituent and other general documents of the organization;

Accounting policy of the organization;

Fixed assets;

Intangible assets;

Productive reserves;

Payroll calculations;

Cash;

Accounting statements and applications, etc.

The development of an audit program includes steps similar to those of the development of an overall audit plan. The program is a development of the general audit plan and represents a detailed list of audit procedures necessary for the practical implementation of the audit plan. It serves as detailed instructions for auditor assistants and at the same time as a means of monitoring the timing of work for the heads of the audit organization.

The auditor should document the audit program and assign a number to each procedure performed so that during the work process he can make references to them in working documents. The audit program is compiled in the form of a program of tests of controls, or in the form of a program of substantive audit procedures.

The auditor's conclusions for each section of the audit program, documented in the working documents, are the factual material for drawing up the audit report and audit report, as well as the basis for forming an objective opinion of the auditor on the financial statements of an economic entity.

At the end of the planning process, the overall plan and program must be documented and endorsed in the prescribed manner.

In Russian practice, issues of obtaining audit evidence are regulated by Federal Standard No. 5, which establishes uniform requirements for the quantity and quality of evidence that must be obtained during an audit of financial statements, as well as for the procedures performed to obtain evidence.

Audit evidence is the information obtained by the auditor during the audit, and the result of the analysis of this information, on which the auditor’s opinion is based. Audit evidence includes, in particular, primary documents and accounting records that form the basis of financial statements, as well as written explanations from authorized employees of the audited entity and information obtained from various sources (third parties).

Testing of internal controls means tests to obtain audit evidence regarding the proper design and effectiveness of the accounting and internal control systems.

Substantive testing procedures are aimed at obtaining audit evidence of material misstatements in the financial statements. Verification procedures mean:

Detailed tests assessing the correctness of recording transactions and balances in accounting accounts;

Analytical procedures.

The objects of assessment of accounting and internal control systems, regarding which the auditor collects evidence, include:

Organization - the arrangement of accounting and internal control systems that ensure the prevention and detection, as well as correction of material misstatements;

Operation - the effectiveness of the accounting and internal control systems during the relevant period.

Audit evidence is more convincing if it is obtained from different sources, has different content and does not contradict each other. In such cases, the auditor may be able to provide a higher degree of assurance than would be obtained by considering the audit evidence in isolation. Conversely, if audit evidence obtained from one source is inconsistent with that obtained from another, the auditor should determine additional procedures to determine the reasons for the discrepancy.

The auditor obtains audit evidence by performing substantive procedures such as inspection, observation, inquiry, confirmation, recalculation and analytical procedures. The duration of these procedures depends, in particular, on the time allowed for obtaining audit evidence.

Inspection- represents the examination of records, documents or tangible assets.

Observation- represents the auditor's monitoring of a process or procedure performed by others.

Request- seeking information from knowledgeable persons within or outside the audited entity.

In order to expand the provisions regarding methods for collecting audit evidence, the issues discussed should be developed in the internal standards of both accredited professional auditing associations and the internal standards of audit organizations. During the audit, all actions of auditors are aimed at achieving the main goal of the audit - the formation of an objective opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of an economic entity. This opinion constitutes the content of the auditor's report. According to Art. 6 Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307, audit report- an official document intended for users of the financial statements of the audited entities, containing the auditor’s opinion expressed in the prescribed form on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity. When drawing up the audit report, the auditor is guided by the provisions of federal standards No. 6, 10, 11, 22, 23.

The audit organization is obliged to submit an audit report only to the economic entity in the agreed number of copies and within the time frame agreed upon by the parties.

In accordance with Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ “On Auditing Activities,” the auditor’s report must contain:

1) Name "Audit report";

2) Indication of the addressee (shareholders of a joint-stock company, participants of a limited liability company, other persons);

3) Information about the audited entity: name, state registration number, location;

4) Information about the audit organization, individual auditor: name of the organization, full name of the individual auditor, state registration number, location, name of the self-regulatory organization of auditors, the members of which are the specified audit organization or individual auditor, number in the register of auditors and audit organizations;

5) A list of financial statements in respect of which the audit was conducted, indicating the period for which they were compiled, the distribution of responsibility in relation to these statements between the audited entity and the audit organization;

6) Information about the work performed by the audit organization to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity (scope of the audit);

7) Opinion of the auditing organization, individual auditor on the reliability of the financial statements of the audited entity, indicating the circumstances that have or may have a significant impact on the reliability of such statements;

8) Indication of the date of conclusion.

The audit report must be signed by the head of the auditor or the person authorized by the head and the person who conducted the audit, indicating the number and validity period of his qualification certificate. These signatures must be sealed.

The auditor's report in accordance with federal rule (standard) No. 6 "Audit report on accounting (financial) statements" from the point of view of assessing the reliability of the financial statements can be unconditionally positive or modified.

Unconditionally positive conclusion- such a conclusion means that the financial statements give a reliable picture of the financial position and results of the financial and economic activities of the audited entity in accordance with the established principles and methods of accounting and preparation of financial statements in the Russian Federation. All other conclusions are modified.

The modified auditor's report may:

Be negative.

The auditor's report is considered modified if:

Factors that do not influence the auditor's opinion, but are described in the auditor's report in order to attract the attention of users to any situation that has arisen in the audited entity and disclosed in the financial statements;

Factors influencing the auditor's opinion that could lead to a qualified opinion, disclaimer of opinion, or adverse opinion.

The auditor's report is accompanied by a complete set of financial statements of the economic entity for the corresponding financial year in respect of which the audit is being conducted.

Part 5 of Art. 6 Federal Law dated December 30, 2008 No. 307, introduced the concept of “deliberately false audit report”, drawn up without an audit or drawn up based on the results of an audit, but clearly contradicting the contents of the documents submitted to the audit organization and considered during the audit. An auditor's report is recognized as knowingly false by a court decision.

1. 4 Requirements, legislationO, regulatory regulationaudit activities

The relevant legal and legislative documents contain provisions on organizing audit activities, conducting certification and improving the qualifications of auditors. The main documents that ensure regulatory regulation and functioning of the audit system in the Russian Federation include: the Civil Code, the Tax Code, the Law on Accounting, the Federal Law “On Auditing Activities”, the Federal Law “On Licensing of Certain Types of Activities” dated 08.08.2001 No. 128-FZ, Temporary regulations on the system of training and advanced training of auditors in the Russian Federation, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 12, 2002 No. 93n, Federal rules (standards) of auditing activities, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 23. 2002 No. 696.

In Russia, the system of regulatory regulation of auditing activities is in its infancy. Among the presented concepts and regulatory systems, a multi-level system of regulatory regulation of auditing activities seems to be the most appropriate. This system includes four main levels.

Level 1- includes the Federal Law of s, which is one of the main legislative acts and determines the place of audit in financial and economic activities as its necessary equal element.

To level 2 documents regulating auditing activities in the Russian Federation include those that define general issues of regulation of auditing activities that are mandatory for market entities. This includes federal standards. Currently, 33 federal standards have been developed and approved.

To level 3 These include regulations of ministries and federal services that establish the rules of auditing activities and conducting audits in relation to specific industries, organizations and certain issues of taxation, finance, accounting, etc.

Level 4 includes internal regulations (standards) for auditing activities, which are developed by audit organizations on the basis of federal auditing standards and practices.

The first Federal Law was adopted in August 2001, which confirmed the final formation of the Russian audit system and determined the prospects for its further development.

2. Planning an audit of cash transactions of an LLC organization" Sphere"

2.1 Structure of the audited enterprise LLC" Sphere"

The commercial organization Sfera LLC was registered by the administration of Cherepovets, June 21, 2001, TIN 3528102655, KPP 3520253260. This organization has the following legal address: Vologda region, Cherepovets, st. Krasnaya, 1, apt. 45, later the company opened branches in several cities of the Komi Republic, such as Syktyvkar, Inta, Ukhta, etc.

In accordance with the Charter of the organization, "Sfera" is a limited liability company, which is a legal entity, has an independent balance sheet, a current account in the branch of OJSC "Gazprombank" in Ukhta, and operates on the principles of self-financing and self-financing. Created without limiting the period of activity, this organization has civil rights and bears the responsibilities necessary to carry out any types of activities not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Also, Sfera LLC is the owner of its property, including property contributed to the authorized capital of the enterprise.

LLC "Sfera" was created with the aim of obtaining maximum profit and providing the population in the following areas:

Procurement and processing of scrap ferrous metals;

Sales of secondary rolled metal;

Cargo handling;

Responsible storage of partner products;

Renting industrial and office premises.

Sfera LLC has been operating in the market for these services in Ukhta for more than 5 years. During this time, it has established itself as one of the strongest competitors. LLC "Sfera" works with such large enterprises of the city as LLC "Gazprom", LLC "Lukoil", JSC "Pechoraneftegaz", etc.

The average headcount in 2010 was 49 people, of which the share of production workers was 68%. The management of the enterprise is headed by the General Director Tereshchenko P.A., the accounting department is headed by the Chief Accountant Sokolova N.A.

An agreement was concluded between the branch of Sfera LLC in Ukhta and the professional auditing firm Yurist for the provision of audit services to the enterprise. The agreement is of an initiative nature and was concluded for a period until December 31, 2010, with possible extension.

2.2 Plan and program for auditing LLC funds" Sphere"

The purpose of an audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance by economic entities with the rules for conducting cash transactions, the completeness and accuracy of the reflection in the accounting of cash and banking transactions.

Sources of information for the audit are: cash book, receipt and expenditure orders, bank account statements, payment documents, accounting registers for cash accounting, reporting, etc.

Numerous and varied cash flow operations at the enterprise's cash desk are also reflected in the following registers of synthetic accounting and reporting: general ledger; journal - order No. 1 and statement No. 1; other registers for synthetic accounting of cash transactions; enterprise balance sheet; statement of financial results and their use; cash flow statement.

Before conducting a cash audit, an enterprise must enter into an agreement with an audit firm for a cash audit, which will indicate exactly what actions the auditor will perform and within what time frame during this audit. The contract must be accompanied by a plan and program that was specially developed by the audit organization in order to fulfill the obligations under the proactive audit contract at the enterprise. In this case, this is an enterprise cash audit program. (Appendix 1 and 2)

Before embarking on a full audit of cash transactions, the auditor must plan this audit. After all, a “complete” check does not mean at all that all cash documents will be reviewed one after another. Each procedure has its own purpose, pursues a specific goal, and its results must be presented in the form of a special table.

An audit of cash transactions begins with an inventory of funds in the company's cash desk. The cashier, in the presence of the auditor, draws up a cash report on cash transactions for the last day, displays the balance of money in the cash book on the day of the audit. At the same time, a receipt is taken from the cashier that all receipt documents are included in the report and by the time the cash register is inventoried, there is no money that has not been received or written off as an expense. Then a sheet-by-sheet count of money begins. After counting the money and other valuables stored in the cash register, the resulting balance is compared with the accounting data in the cash book.

The results of the audit are documented by drawing up a report, which is signed by the auditors, chief accountant and cashier. In case of detection of surplus or shortage of cash or other valuables, it is necessary to obtain a written explanation from the cashier.

When taking inventory of the cash register, it is checked: whether an agreement on full financial liability in the established form has been concluded with the cashier and distributors; is there an order for the appointment of a cashier, does the cash register premises comply with recommendations for ensuring the safety of funds, for technical strength and equipment with security and fire alarm systems.

When checking the cash register, it is most important to check:

Completeness and timeliness of posting of funds received by checks from the bank. Reconciliation is made with bank statements;

Correct execution of incoming and outgoing orders, cash book, journal of registration of incoming and outgoing cash orders;

The presence of a signature in the receipt of money, the correspondence of the signatures for the receipt of money in expenditure orders and statements with the signatures in other documents;

The correctness of maintaining the cash book and the balances of money displayed in it at the end of the day;

Correctness of totals in payrolls;

Correct execution of documents when depositing wages;

The correctness of the issuance of money by proxy;

Compliance with limits on storing money in the cash register and the procedure for cash settlements with legal entities;

Storing safe keys and their duplicates;

Implementation of resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation on the use of cash registers when making cash payments to the population;

Correctness of accounting entries;

Correspondence of entries in the cash book to entries in the journal - order No. 1 and statement No. 1 for account 50 "Cash" and the General Ledger for the past period.

Next, the completeness and timeliness of the receipt of funds received at the cash desk is checked. Particular attention is paid to checking transactions for writing off funds for production costs or distribution costs.

An enterprise may have cash in its cash desk within the limit established by the bank in agreement with the head of the organization.

The issuance of cash to pay wages is carried out according to properly executed pay slips, in which erasures and corrections are not allowed.

Upon expiration of the established period for payment of wages, the cashier must:

In the payroll against the names of persons to whom payments have not been made, make the note “Deposited”;

Compile a register of deposited amounts;

At the end of the payroll, make an inscription about the amounts actually paid and subject to deposit, check with the total on the statement and seal the inscription with your signature;

Record the amount actually paid in the cash book and put a stamp on the statement “Cash expenditure order No...” The deposited amounts are handed over to the bank, and one general cash expenditure order is drawn up for them.

Cash is accepted by the enterprise's cash desk according to cash receipt orders signed by the chief accountant or a person authorized to do so.

Cash is issued from the cash register using cash receipts or other documents.

Cash desk is an isolated room, equipped in the prescribed manner, intended for receiving, issuing, and temporary storage of cash and securities. Storing cash and other valuables that do not belong to the enterprise in the cash register is prohibited.

The auditor may use the questionnaire presented in Appendix 3 during the audit.

Responsibility for compliance with the procedure for conducting cash transactions rests with the manager, chief accountant, accountant and cashier. Therefore, the auditor must interview each of the responsible employees, therefore the auditor’s questionnaire is drawn up in four copies, each with the position, surname, first name and patronymic of the person with whom the interview was conducted.

According to this questionnaire, preliminary conclusions can be drawn: that Sfera LLC has a number of negative aspects:

The cash register does not have a separate room, which weakens the protection of funds and other material assets of the enterprise from theft;

The company does not have established deadlines for sudden audits, which can lead to distortion of accounting data;

When changing a cashier, as a MOL, an audit must be carried out, but this is not the case at the enterprise;

The enterprise does not have a cash register, but according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2008 No. 359 (as amended on February 14, 2009), this is not a violation if the enterprise has strict reporting forms equivalent to checks. At Sfera LLC, such a form is invoices for the release of goods;

The enterprise has no restrictions on the timing of the use of funds for business needs, which reduces the ability to control the expenditure of funds.

According to preliminary findings, the auditor at Sfera LLC needs to carry out a number of procedures to identify possible violations or abuses:

Cash inventory;

Checking the presence of the manager’s signature on the PKO and RKO, Ch. accountant, cashier and receipts of money recipients;

Checking the completeness of the receipt of funds received from the bank by check to the cash desk of the enterprise;

Checking the timeliness of employee payments for funds issued for business needs;

Checking the log of issued powers of attorney;

Checking the correctness of the posting of amounts under powers of attorney;

Checking the completeness of the primary cash receipt documents attached to the cashier’s report;

Checking the completeness of the primary expense cash documents attached to the cashier’s report;

Checking the results of cash reports;

Checking the validity of including persons in payroll records;

Checking the compliance of payroll records with registers of deposited amounts;

Checking the compliance of issued cash receipts with the depositor register;

Checking cash settlements with other legal entities in amounts exceeding the established limit;

Checking compliance with the cash balance limit established by the bank; checking the enterprise’s compliance with the maximum amounts of settlements between legal entities in cash received at the cash desk;

Checking the correctness of keeping books of the cashier - operator, etc.

According to the audit, accounting of cash transactions at the enterprise is kept on balance sheet account 50 "Cash" in accordance with the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation and a subaccount 50/1 "Cash of the organization" has been opened to it.

In the debit of the account, records are kept about the receipt of money, for example, typical transactions for working with a cash register are:

· Money was transferred from the current account (D 50 - K 51);

· Receipt of revenue for products from customers (D 50 - K 62);

· Return of the balance of the amount from the sub-account (D 50 - K 71);

The loan reflects the expenditure of funds from the cash register, for example:

· Issuance of salaries (D 70 - K 50);

· Issue on record (D 71 - K 50);

· Depositing into bank accounts (D 51-K 50).

The enterprise has created almost all possible conditions to ensure the safety of funds, such as: money is stored in a fireproof safe, the cash register has an alarm and panic button, the enterprise has its own security service, etc.

During the previous period, the cash register inventory was carried out once - by prior order of the manager - no surpluses or shortages were identified.

To carry out an inventory of funds, by order of the head of the organization, an audit commission consisting of three people was approved:

Sokolova N.A. - Chief Accountant;

Tereshchenko T.O. - accountant;

Terentyeva L.I. - member of the audit commission.

In the presence of the cashier and the auditor, an inventory of the cash register was carried out: cash receipts and expenditure orders, a cash report, documents on transactions of the last day were checked, cash was recalculated - a shortage of 102 rubles, 50 kopecks was established. This shortage should be written off using the following entries: D94 - K50 (the shortage was identified during the cash register inventory); D 73/2 - K 94 (according to the agreement with the cashier on full individual financial responsibility, the identified shortage was written off to the culprit - cashier V.V. Rybets). Upon completion of the audit, a Cash Inventory Report was drawn up and handed over to the manager and chief accountant.

According to the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation, all cash transactions must be formalized using standard interdepartmental forms of primary accounting documentation for enterprises and organizations. All primary documents attached to the incoming cash order and the outgoing cash order are stamped “Received” and “Paid.” However, at the Sfera LLC enterprise, not all details of cash documents are filled out:

Expenditure cash order No. 215 dated March 29. 2010 in the amount of 1000.00 rubles. Shmeleva O.P. - there is no decoding of the cashier’s signature;

Receipt cash order No. 71 dated January 26, 2010. In the amount of 4820 rubles, 50 kopecks. from Stroy Sever LLC - the basis for the operation is not stated;

Receipt cash order No. 183 dated March 21, 2010, in the amount of 1,750 rubles, from Timofeev N.O. - no supporting document

The limit for storing funds in the cash desk, established by the GPB branch in Ukhta on January 1, 2010, is observed and amounts to 19,000 rubles.

Checking compliance with the maximum amount of cash settlements with legal entities complies with the instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 20, 2007 No. 1843-U “On establishing the maximum amount of cash settlements in the Russian Federation between legal entities for one transaction” - in the amount of no more than 100,000 rubles . The following calculations were carried out at Sfera LLC:

LLC "VtorMetall" in the amount of 12,000 rubles, payment to the supplier for the goods;

LLC "TekhOptTorg" in the amount of 26,980 rubles, payment for electricity;

LLC "RUS-Trans" for 31000, payment for the vehicle.

In accordance with clause 19 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, erasures, blots or corrections in cash documents are not allowed, since these forms are forms of strict reporting. At the enterprise, this rule was violated when the cashier filled out the cash book dated February 24, 2010, the balance at the beginning of the day was 11,253 rubles, it was corrected to 11,263 rubles.

At the Sfera LLC enterprise, there are cases of failure to display the balance at the end of the day in the cashier's reports, which is a violation of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation.

Checking the correctness and timeliness of the posting of money received by cash checks from the bank did not show any violations; the amounts that were indicated in the cash book, on the counter of the check book and in the bank statement were verified, in addition, the check numbers indicated in the receipt order and on the counter were compared check.

An audit of the expenditure of cash from the cash register established: in accordance with clause 16 of the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, the issuance of money to persons who are not on the payroll of the enterprise is carried out according to cash expenditure orders issued separately for each person, on the basis of concluded agreements. In addition, the issuance of money under an expenditure cash order to an individual is made only upon presentation of an identification document of the recipient, whose data must be entered in the expenditure cash order.

The enterprise LLC "Sfera" concluded labor agreements for the performance of work, however, in the cash receipts for the payment of wages, the recipient's passport information was not indicated:

Expenditure cash order No. 178 dated February 22, 2010 for the amount of 19,100 rubles. Markov N.O;

Expense cash order No. 179 dated February 22, 2010 for the amount of 8,750 rubles. Pereputov P.N.

Checking compliance with the procedure for using cash registers showed that the enterprise does not have a cash register; all payments are made with receipts and expenditure orders based on an invoice in a form approved by the head of the enterprise.

2.3 Checking the accounting of transactionson bank account

When auditing transactions on a current account, it is necessary to establish:

Do the amounts on bank statements correspond to the amounts indicated in the primary documents;

Is there a bank stamp on the attached primary documents?

Correctness and completeness of crediting funds deposited to the bank in cash;

Justification for transferring funds;

Correct preparation of accounting entries for bank transactions;

Compliance of the entries indicated in the bank statements with the entries in the journal order No. 2, statement No. 2 and the General Ledger;

Completeness and accuracy of bank statements and documents related to them.

For verification, the auditor can apply the control tests specified in Appendix No. 2.

Sources of information on accounting for funds in the current account are: the balance sheet for account 51 “Current account”, form No. 1 “Balance sheet” as of 03/30/2010, bank documents for 2010.

According to the requirements for conducting transactions with a current account, funds from the company's account are debited by order of the account owners. All payments from the accounts of the enterprise are carried out in the order determined by the head of the enterprise, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Payment documents have a standard form and contain the necessary details; they are accepted by the bank for execution if there are signatures of authorized persons of the enterprise.

Blots and erasures in settlement documents are not allowed. Incorrectly executed settlement and monetary documents will not be accepted for processing.

Accounting for transactions on the current account on account 51 "Current account". The debit reflects the receipt of funds, and the credit reflects the debit of funds from the current account. For example, typical transactions for working with a current account are:

D 51 - K 50 - cash delivery from the cash desk to the bank;

D 51 - K 62 - receipt of funds from buyers;

D 51 - K 66, 67 - receipt of loans;

D 69 (by individual social funds) - K 51 - Unified Social Tax is listed

D 60 - K 51 - transferred to suppliers;

D 50 - K 51 - issued to the cash desk of the enterprise;

D 76 - K 51 - transfer of accounts payable;

D 99 - K 51 - Payment of fines, penalties, etc.

Transactions on the current account are reflected in accounting on the basis of bank statements on the current account and monetary settlement documents attached to them.

A random check found:

1. The general ledger data on cash balances on the current account corresponds to the data in bank statements at the beginning and end of the period under review;

2. Business transactions for the movement of funds on the current account No. 40702810000170000715, opened in the branch of OJSC Gazprombank, are reflected in the accounting registers in a timely manner and in full;

3. The completeness of the reflection of cash amounts in Form No. 1 “Balance Sheet” as of 03/31/2010 was checked. The indicator in line 260 “Cash” of the balance sheet corresponds to the accounting data (turnover balance sheet) as of 03/31/2010.

4. During the audit of transactions involving the accounting of funds in the current account, monetary documents, no violations were identified.

The audit report of the Limited Liability Company "Sfera" for the 1st quarter of 2010 was presented by the specialized audit organization "Yurist" on the basis of agreement No. IA-48/10 dated January 10, 2010, which audited the company's funds.

The audit was carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 “On Auditing Activities”.

The audit included checking, on a sample basis, confirmations of the numerical data and explanations contained in the financial statements of Sfera LLC for the 1st quarter.

The audit was carried out by:

Baranova N.A. - head of the audit team;

Pavlova V.O. - Lead auditor.

Responsible for the audited period:

Sokolova N.A. - Chief Accountant;

Tereshchenko T.O. - accountant;

Rybets V.V. - cashier

A random audit was carried out based on the approved and agreed upon audit plan from May 25 to May 30, 2010.

The funds of Sfera LLC are reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise on page 260 of the balance sheet “Cash”.

Based on the results of the audit conducted at the Sfera LLC enterprise, it is necessary to bring the conduct of cash transactions in accordance with the requirements of the Procedure for Conducting Cash Transactions in the Russian Federation:

The company needs, whenever possible, to allocate a separate room for the cash register, which will greatly reduce the likelihood of theft of funds;

It is proposed to carry out an inventory of the cash register, suddenly once a month, to increase the level of internal control in the enterprise.

Pay close attention to the paperwork;

Prepare the cash book in a timely and correct manner;

Correctly fill out the cash register for employees who are not on the payroll of the enterprise, etc.

No violations in the maintenance of the current account were identified.

Taking into account the proposed comments, it can be stated that the financial statements of the enterprise are compiled adequately for all business transactions.

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Introduction

Conclusion

Applications

Introduction

Transactions with funds are typical for absolutely all organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form. Cash belongs to the most liquid group of working capital. At enterprises, funds are in the form of cash on hand, stored in the bank on current accounts, in special accounts for designated funds, in special accounts, and are also used in the form of letters of credit, check books, deposits and financial investments in securities, etc.

Cash characterizes the initial and final stages of the circulation of economic assets, the speed of which largely determines the effectiveness of all business activities. The volume of funds available to an enterprise as the most important means of payment determines the solvency of the enterprise - one of the most important characteristics of its financial position. The important role of funds in ensuring financial and economic activities necessitates the organization of continuous and timely accounting of funds and operations on their movement, monitoring the availability, safety and intended use of funds and monetary documents, monitoring compliance with cash discipline. Confirmation of the authenticity of credentials is carried out through audit operations.

This work is devoted to studying the methodology for auditing funds. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that the correctness, accuracy and timeliness of cash accounting leads to an improvement in the quality of accounting work, clarity in the distribution of funds, which in turn has a positive effect on the work of the entire organization. Payments are made through cash. The timely repayment of the company's accounts payable depends on their availability. An organization's funds exist in two forms: cash and non-cash. Non-cash payments are carried out by transferring funds from the payer's account to the recipient's account using various banking operations that replace cash in circulation. Therefore, accounting for funds and monitoring their circulation in settlement and foreign currency accounts in banks is of great importance. Internal payments are made in cash. Cash movement is carried out through cash transactions.

Cash is an integral part of current assets. They are necessary for the enterprise to carry out settlements between suppliers and contractors, to make payments to the budget, settlements with credit institutions, to issue wages and bonuses to employees and to make other types of payments.

The purpose of the study is to study the methodology for conducting an audit of funds and develop practical recommendations for improving the accounting of funds using the example of DomService Management Company LLC.

In accordance with the goal, the following specific tasks are formed:

) consider the theoretical aspects of auditing funds as an audit object;

) study the regulatory framework for auditing funds;

) explore the organization and methodology of auditing funds using the example of LLC Management Company "DomServis";

) based on the audit performed, form an opinion on the reliability of the accounting (financial) statements of DomService Management Company LLC in terms of reflecting information about funds;

The subject of the study is the financial and economic activities of the organization within the framework of cash accounting.

cash audit

The object of study was the activities of the limited liability company DomService Management Company in accordance with the direction of the topic of work.

Time interval of the study: 1st half of 2012

The theoretical basis of this work was educational and methodological literature, regulatory sources, as well as materials from periodicals. The work used regulations of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Labor, the Central Bank of Russia, as well as the works of domestic authors such as Belov A.A., Belov A.N., Berdyshev S.N., Babaeva Yu A.A., Veshchunova N.L., Gribanova Z.M., Gribanov A.A., Gusev A.N., Dugin P.I., Dugina T.I., Zuikova L.A., Komisarova I.P. ., Lukyanenko G.I., Lytneva N.A., Malyavkina L.I., Matveeva T.V., Muravitskaya N.K., Polenova S.N., Ponomareva G.A., Rychagova M.A., Stefanova S.N., Sysoeva M.G., Tkachenko I.Yu., Fedorova T.V., Tsybina N.V., Shirobokov V.G.

The solution to the tasks was carried out using the following methods:

traditional methods of information processing: comparison; relative, absolute and average values; graphical and tabular presentation of data;

empirical methods: observation.

The practical basis for writing was primary documents, registers of synthetic and analytical accounting, financial statements of DomService Management Company LLC.

The work consists of an introduction, 3 chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used, and applications.

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of auditing an organization's funds

1.1 Enterprise cash as an audit object

Most types of business transactions of an organization in one form or another are associated with the inflow and outflow of funds. Cash is the most liquid category of assets, which provides the enterprise with the greatest degree of liquidity, and therefore freedom of choice of actions.

In foreign literature, the term “cash” refers to both money directly in the company’s cash desk and in its bank accounts, and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents have been defined by the Accounting Standards Board as short-term, highly liquid investments, typically represented by securities (stocks, Treasury notes, etc.). Such cash equivalents should be freely convertible into cash and subject to insignificant risk of changes in market price. In Russian practice, funds, for the purpose of drawing up a cash flow statement, are defined as amounts of funds in Russian and foreign currencies held at the cash desk, in settlement, foreign currency and special accounts in banks.

The essence of money is that it serves as a necessary active element and integral part of the economic activity of society, the relations between various participants and links in the reproduction process.

The essence of money is manifested in the unity of three properties (see Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Properties of money

Consequently, money that arose from resolving the contradictions of a product (use value and value) is not a technical means of circulation, but reflects deep social relations.

The essence of funds is characterized by their participation in:

-implementation of various types of social relations;

-distribution of gross national product (GNP), in the acquisition of real estate and land. Here the manifestation of the essence is not the same, since the different possibilities of money are explained by different socio-economic conditions;

-determination of prices expressing the cost of goods. The production of goods (provision of services) is carried out by people using tools and objects of labor. Produced goods have a value that is determined by the total volume of the transferred value of tools and objects of labor and the value newly created by living labor.

The essence of money is most fully manifested in its functions. The functions of money are characterized by stability, they are little subject to change, while, for example, the role of money in different conditions may change. The peculiarities of the functions are that in most cases they are carried out only with money. Money acts as: a measure of value; means of circulation; means of payment; means of accumulation. Despite the existence of different interpretations of these functions by different researchers, everyone nevertheless agrees that money performs a number of social functions (see Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Functions of money

Money as a measure of value is used to measure and compare the costs of various goods. The function of money as a measure of value is to assess the value of goods by setting prices. The basis for setting the prices of goods is the amount of their value, which depends primarily on the amount of socially necessary labor spent on the production of goods. When setting the price of the initial value, it is not the individual level of labor costs of an individual commodity producer for the production of goods, but the socially necessary level of costs. Accordingly, socially necessary costs for the production of certain types of goods are fixed in prices. Value expressed in money is price. Selling a product means that it is exchanged for a certain amount of money according to a set price. For this function, the scale of prices that is set by the state is important. As a measure of value, money is homogeneous, which is very important for various economic calculations. To implement this function, there is no need to have money available; it is enough to mentally imagine it. Therefore, money performs the function of a measure of value perfectly.

Performing the function of a medium of exchange, money serves purchase and sale transactions between various economic entities and is accepted for payment for goods and services. The function of money as a measure of value is to assess the value of goods by setting prices. The basis for setting the prices of goods is the amount of their value, which depends primarily on the amount of socially necessary labor spent on the production of goods. When setting the price of the initial value, it is not the individual level of labor costs of an individual commodity producer for the production of goods, but the socially necessary level of costs. Accordingly, socially necessary costs for the production of certain types of goods are fixed in prices. When exchanging goods, they act as an intermediary, which is unconditionally recognized by all economic agents. The fulfillment of this function by money allows one to overcome the time and spatial limitations inherent in natural exchange. It becomes possible to exchange goods produced in different, often distant from each other, areas, as well as with a gap in time.

Cash is often used not for commodity transactions, but when making payments that do not involve receiving any equivalent or conducting an exchange, for example, when paying taxes, receiving and repaying loans, paying pensions and benefits. In these cases, they are used as a means of payment.

The next function of money - a store of value - indicates the possibility of their use not only for measuring value and payment, but also for saving. Business entities do not spend part of the income received on current consumption, but accumulate it in cash for the purpose of using it in the future. The accumulation function is manifested in the ability of money to preserve wealth. Cash savings include cash balances held by individual citizens, as well as cash balances in bank accounts. The formation of cash savings of individual citizens is due to: the excess of their income over expenses, the need to create a reserve for upcoming large and seasonal expenses. The presence of cash savings allows the population to use them in the coming periods to pay for purchased goods and repay various obligations. Money, as a store of value, also consists of balances accumulated by enterprises and organizations in their bank accounts. Money has a relatively more stable value compared to other goods. As such, they should be considered a risk-free asset, unlike securities or other commodities that can lose value at any time. Money has the property of absolute liquidity, preserving instant purchasing power, which characterizes it as the best store of value.

Money performs the function of a store of value only after leaving the sphere of circulation, having stopped moving for its owner. If this happens with full-fledged money, then we can say that it implements the function of creating treasures. If inferior money comes out of circulation, then it performs this function nominally, providing accumulations and savings.

The function of world money is manifested in settlements and relationships between countries, as well as between legal entities and individuals located in different countries. In such relationships, money is used to pay for purchased goods, when carrying out credit and other transactions. The function of world money is manifested in relationships between countries or between legal entities and individuals located in different countries. In such relationships, money is used to pay for purchased goods, when making credit and some other transactions. When various countries used full-fledged money that had its own value, no serious complications arose with its use in international relations. Here, the money of individual countries could be used for settlements with other countries, based on the actual value of the monetary unit of each country. Under the conditions of circulation of full-fledged money that had its own value, no serious complications arose with its use in international payments. Here, the money of individual countries could be used in settlements with others based on the actual value of the monetary unit of each country. When the whole world switched to inferior money, payments between countries began to be made using freely convertible currencies, as well as international monetary units (SDR, EURO).

The implementation of almost any management decision by management is based on the use of funds. Cash is usually used for capital expenditures. To carry out its expenses, the organization must ensure an adequate influx of money in the form of proceeds from the sale of products (works, services), receipt of dividends on invested capital, receipt of temporary borrowed funds, etc.

Money circulation is carried out in two forms (see Table 1).

Table 1

Characteristics of forms of monetary circulation

Characteristics Cash circulation Non-cash circulation Concept Movement of cash in the sphere of circulation when it performs two functions - a medium of exchange and a means of payment Movement of value without the participation of cash by transferring funds to the accounts of credit organizations Served by types of credit instruments of circulation Banknotes, small change (metal) coins, paper money Checks, bills, plastic cards, other credit documents Serve relations between the population and individual individuals; Legal entities and individuals; Legal entities and the state; Individuals and the state. Legal entities of different forms of ownership; Legal entities and credit institutions; Legal entities and individuals and the state; Legal entities and the population Used in the circulation of goods and services; When making payments when paying wages, bonuses, benefits, insurance benefits under insurance contracts; When paying for securities and income on them; When the population makes payments for utilities For the same purposes if participants in circulation have money in their accounts with credit institutions

Thus, the activities of the organization are an objective prerequisite for the occurrence of cash flows.

The cash of the enterprise passes through the organization's cash desk. The procedure for storing, spending and accounting for funds at the cash desk is established by Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 10, 2002 “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)” (as amended on November 21, 2011 No. 327-FZ). The rule on the organization of cash circulation in the Russian Federation is contained in Article 34 of the Federal Law.

Thus, the essence of money can be characterized by the following features:

) money provides universal equivalence, which means the possibility of purchasing any product;

) money expresses the value of a product and determines its price, and this provides a quantitative comparison of goods with different consumer properties.

In a modern market economy, commodity-money relations have become universal. This caused the full development of all functions of money. Currently, all material and spiritual values, as well as people’s ability to work, have a monetary form.

1.2 Purpose, objectives of the audit of funds, methodological techniques and information support for the audit

According to the Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ “On Auditing Activities” (as amended by the Federal Law<#"justify">-checking compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation for conducting cash payments;

-familiarization with the conditions for storing cash and ensuring its safety;

-studying the correctness of documenting transactions for the receipt and expenditure of funds, maintaining a cash book and recording cash transactions;

-checking compliance with cash discipline, completeness and timeliness of cash receipts to the cash desk;

-compliance with the procedure for issuing and returning accountable amounts to the cash desk, and the intended use of funds received from the bank;

-compliance with the cash limit and established rules for cash settlements with legal entities; determining the legality and expediency of transactions for the receipt and debiting of funds from the bank accounts of the enterprise, the correctness of their reflection in accounting;

-confirmation of the reliability of primary, synthetic and analytical accounting data, etc. .

When carrying out an audit, special attention should be paid to studying not only the regulatory, but also the information support of the audit.

Information support for a cash audit refers to the sources of information used to obtain audit evidence.

Sources of information used in the audit of funds at DomServis Management Company LLC are presented in Table 2.

The audit method is characterized by the use of general scientific methodological techniques for studying audited objects and its own specific scientific empirical methodological techniques of economic research. The composition of audit procedures is regulated by the Federal Standard on Auditing (FSAD 7/2011) “Audit Evidence”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 16, 2011 No. 99n.

table 2

Sources of information used in the audit of cash transactions at LLC Management Company "DomServis"

No. Form of documentName of document1 Standard (unified) documents serving as the basis for recording cash flows in accounting - Accounting policies (Appendix 2); chart of accounts (Appendix 3); cash receipt order form No. KO-1 (Appendix 4,5,6); expense cash order form No. KO-2 (Appendix 7,8,9); journal for registering incoming and outgoing cash documents, form No. KO-3; cash book form No. KO-4 (Appendix 14); payment order (Appendix 10,11) bank statements; advance report No. AO-1 (Appendix 12); payroll No. T-53 (Appendix 13). announcements for cash contributions form 0402001;. 2Accounting registers used to reflect business transactions for the accounting of cash and non-cash funds - Analysis of accounts 50 "Cash", 51 "Cash accounts", 57, 60, 62, 70, 71, 73, 76, 90, 91 (Appendix 15 , 20); Account card 50 “Cashier” (Appendix 10), 51 “Cash Accounts” (Appendix 16,21); Journal-order and Statement of Account 50 “Cash” (Appendix 17), 51 “Settlement Accounts” (Appendix 22); Account turnover (General Ledger) 50 "Cash", 51 "Cash accounts", 60, 62, 70, 71, 73, 76, 90, 91 (add. 18,23); Back - balance sheet (Appendix 25). 3Standard (unified) acts drawn up when conducting an inventory of cash - Cash Inventory Act, form No. INV-15; Order (instruction) to conduct an inventory, form No. INV-224 Financial (accounting) statements - Balance sheet (Appendix 26); Gains and losses report; Cash flow statement

Audit evidence is information obtained by the auditor during an audit, which confirms or does not confirm the premises for the preparation of financial statements and on the basis of which the auditor draws conclusions that form the basis for forming an opinion on the reliability of the financial statements.

Audit evidence includes:

a) documents and accounting information of the audited entity;

b) information obtained from other sources. In particular: information obtained during the previous audit (provided that the auditor is satisfied that there are no changes since the end of the previous audit that could affect the applicability of this information for the purposes of the current audit), etc. .

When starting to audit transactions with funds, it is advisable for the auditor to obtain, if possible, complete information about the state of internal control in this area of ​​accounting. Often, funds, both cash and non-cash, are the object of theft and abuse by the cashier, accountant and other officials. You can find out how strictly cash transactions are controlled and how clearly the authorization of various payments from the company’s current account is ensured by performing the following substantive verification procedures:

) inspection;

) observation;

) confirmation;

) recalculation (checking the arithmetic calculations of the audited entity);

) analytical procedures. In accordance with the Federal Standard on Auditing (FSAD 7/2011) “Audit Evidence”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 16, 2011 No. 99n, we have compiled Table 3.

Table 3

Methodological techniques used for auditing funds

No. Name of method Essence of the method 1 Inspection Inspection is a check of records, documents or tangible assets. During the inspection of records and documents, the auditor obtains audit evidence of varying degrees of reliability depending on its nature and source. 2ObservationObservation is the auditor's monitoring of a process or procedure performed by others (for example, the auditor observing inventory counts performed by employees of the entity being audited, or monitoring the performance of internal control procedures for which no documentary evidence remains to be audited). 3 Inquiry An inquiry is a search for information from knowledgeable persons within or outside the entity being audited. A request on the form can be either a formal written request addressed to third parties or an informal oral question addressed to employees of the audited entity. Answers to inquiries (questions) may provide the auditor with information that he did not previously have or that supports audit evidence. 4ConfirmationA confirmation is a response to a request for information contained in accounting records (for example, the auditor typically requests confirmation of accounts receivable directly from the debtors). To obtain information about the reality of balances in cash accounts, settlement accounts, accounts receivable and accounts payable, the audit organization must obtain confirmation in writing from an independent party. Requests for confirmation are recommended to be prepared in the form of a document on behalf of the organization's management addressed to an independent party, which contains a requirement to provide the necessary information directly to the audit organization. If necessary, the audit organization can independently establish contact with the independent organization to which the confirmation request was sent. In case of discrepancies between the received information and the accounting data of the economic entity, it is necessary to apply additional audit procedures to determine the reasons for the discrepancy. 5RecalculationRecalculation is a check of the accuracy of arithmetic calculations in source documents and accounting records or the auditor performing independent calculations. Verifying the arithmetic accuracy of source documents and accounting records and performing independent calculations; as a rule, it is carried out selectively6Analytical proceduresAnalytical procedures represent the analysis and assessment of the information received by the auditor, the study of the most important financial and economic indicators of the audited entity in order to identify unusual and (or) incorrectly reflected business transactions in the accounting records, and identify the causes of such errors and distortions.

The duration of these procedures depends, in particular, on the period allotted for obtaining audit evidence.

Thus, the significance of audit procedures is quite high, since it is through the implementation of these procedures that the main goal of the audit is achieved - forming an opinion on the reliability of the organization’s reporting.

1.3 Regulatory support for cash audit

Regulatory regulation of accounting is the establishment by government bodies of generally binding rules (norms) for accounting and preparation of financial statements.

Regulatory regulation of cash accounting includes:

) normative legal regulation - carried out by the rules of law contained in the relevant normative legal acts;

) methodological (normative and technical) regulation - carried out by methodological (technical) standards contained in the relevant acts of a methodological (normative and technical) nature.

Also, an important role in the implementation of regulatory regulation of cash accounting belongs to the accounting policy of the organization and explanatory acts of the Ministry of Finance of Russia.

Currently, the system of regulatory regulation of cash accounting in Russia has a four-level structure.

The first level consists of laws and other legislative acts (presidential decrees, government resolutions) that directly or indirectly regulate accounting in organizations (Appendix 1).

The second level of the regulatory system consists of accounting regulations (standards). These documents summarize the principles and basic rules of accounting, outline the basic concepts related to individual areas of accounting, and possible accounting techniques without disclosing a specific mechanism for applying them to a specific type of activity. Second-level documents are approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which is entrusted with methodological management of accounting and reporting in the national economy as a whole for the country (Appendix 1).

The third level of regulatory regulation is represented by regulatory documents, which are essentially by-laws, which are presented in the form of guidelines for accounting, including instructions, recommendations, etc. This group of documents includes guidelines for accounting of inventories, guidelines for inventory of property and financial obligations, for filling out accounting reporting forms, etc. One of the most important documents at this level is the Chart of Accounts and instructions for its use. These also include numerous instructions from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation on issues arising in the economic activities of organizations (joint venture agreements, bills of exchange, net assets, etc. Documents of this level are approved by both the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and other governing bodies, which have legislative authority). appropriate rights have been granted (for example, by the Central Bank of Russia, the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of the Russian Federation, etc.) (Appendix 1).

The fourth level consists of orders, guidelines, instructions that are issued by business entities themselves and which disclose the basic and regulatory provisions established in regulatory documents of levels 1-3, taking into account the characteristics and specifics of the activities of a particular organization.

An example of such regulatory documents are orders concerning the accounting policies of an organization, methods of evaluation and depreciation of certain accounting objects, documents and document flow, etc. The peculiarity of documents of the fourth level is that the recommendations and methodological provisions contained in them cannot contradict the regulatory documents of levels 1-3 (Appendix 1).

Auditing activities in Russia are organized taking into account the experience that has developed in world practice, in which two different concepts for regulating auditing activities can be distinguished.

The first has become widespread in European countries such as Austria, Spain, France, and Germany. Here, auditing activities are strictly regulated by administrative authorities. They are actually entrusted with the functions of state control over auditing activities.

The second concept is typical for English-speaking countries (USA, UK), where auditing activities are, in a certain sense, self-regulated. Audit in these countries is focused mainly on the needs of shareholders, investors, creditors and other business entities. Auditing activities in these countries are regulated primarily by public audit associations.

Audit in our country is in its infancy. Numerous problems are present in all its spheres. First of all, this affects the regulation of internal work of audit enterprises, state regulation of such activities and its standardization, and improvement of certification systems.

The system of regulatory regulation of activities in the field of audit adopted in Russia has five levels:

The first level is the law “On auditing activities”<#"center">Chapter 2. Planning an audit of funds of DomService Management Company LLC

2.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of the activities of DomServis Management Company LLC

The object of research in the final qualifying work is the limited liability company Management Company "DomService". The management company LLC UK "DomServis" is a legal entity, has been operating since 2009, has an independent balance sheet and a bank account. The Company carries out its activities in the city of Yaroslavl in the field of operation and management of apartment buildings, guided by the laws and regulations of the Russian Federation, the Yaroslavl region and the city of Yaroslavl.

The scope of the Company's services extends to housing stock, both in state and municipal ownership and in private ownership. The Company's activities are carried out on the basis of the Charter.

The presence of many owners of premises in an apartment building, connected by the need to live in it, necessitates the organization of an effective process for managing an apartment building and, accordingly, the organization of joint ownership and use of common property.

Only the use of a professional approach to real estate management can significantly increase its efficiency in the interests of the owners and users of this real estate. Within the framework of a professional property management system, there is inevitably a separation between the functions of the owner and manager. The owner retains the functions of making strategic decisions and the functions of quality control of management, and the functions of operational management of the property are delegated to the management company.

The management company LLC UK "DomServis" has been providing comprehensive utility services for four years. In organizing the maintenance and management of real estate, the principle of territoriality is used, which makes it possible to ensure high-quality and prompt provision of services. The activities of the Management Company LLC Management Company "DomService" are aimed at creating and ensuring favorable and safe living conditions for citizens, proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, resolving issues regarding the use of said property, as well as providing utilities to residents of the building.

With the arrival of a new team of like-minded people in August 2009, the Company received a new impetus in its development. The priority in the work was to provide a full range of services for managing an apartment building. To work as efficiently as possible for the benefit of clients, the strength, knowledge and experience of all Company employees were combined and an individual approach to each resident was used. Currently, the Company extends its range of activities to the Frunzensky, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Dzerzhinsky and Krasnoperekopsky districts of the city of Yaroslavl.

The main activities of the Management Company LLC UK "Dom Service" are:

-acceptance of buildings for operation from the developer;

-coordination and execution of necessary documents for connecting utility systems of real estate objects according to a permanent scheme;

-a full range of technical maintenance of building engineering systems: heating, water supply, air conditioning and ventilation, elevator maintenance, maintenance of collective television and radio reception systems;

-emergency elimination of emergency situations at real estate sites;

-calculation and collection of payments for residential premises and utilities with the provision of payment documents (invoices) to the owners of the premises, as well as settlements with housing and communal services suppliers;

-passport and registration services;

-work to prevent and reduce the debt of premises owners for established payments for utilities, for the maintenance and repair of common property of an apartment building;

-providing the owners of premises with the necessary information and reporting to them;

-sanitary maintenance of common areas;

-ensuring sanitary and epidemiological safety of buildings;

-cleaning of adjacent areas and services for its improvement;

-waste removal and disposal;

-ensuring the security of residential and non-residential buildings;

-services for performing cadastral registration work;

-assistance to residents in creating an HOA.

The history of the Management Company LLC UK "DomServis" lasts more than 4 years and all this time, the basis of its activity has been and remains concern for residents living in apartment buildings, their safety of residence, comfort and cleanliness in the maintenance of common property. Therefore, at the center of everything that the company does is a person and, first of all, the company’s employees take an individual approach to each resident and strive to meet the highest requirements for the quality of service and management of an apartment building.

Today, the Management Company LLC UK "DomServis" is a dynamically developing company in the field of management of apartment buildings, including a full range of management and maintenance services, ranging from acceptance of buildings into operation to carrying out major repairs.

Based on the results of an assessment of the quality of work of management companies in the city of Yaroslavl for the second half of 2011, carried out by the department of municipal services of the mayor's office of the city of Yaroslavl, the management company LLC Management Company "DomService" received the highest assessment of the quality of the company's work among all management companies in the city. The management company LLC UK "DomServis" is recommended by resource supply organizations as a reliable and responsible counterparty that makes timely payments for utility resources supplied to residents.

The range of services for maintaining a property provided by the Company in comparison with other similar organizations is the most complete and includes:

.Maintenance, maintenance, repair and modernization of apartment buildings and buildings;

2.Sanitary maintenance of common areas and landscaping of the local area;

.Ensuring residential safety;

.Management services (legal, accounting and organizational services for apartment buildings, both directly managed and in HOAs, development of optimal property management schemes, tax accounting, specialized software).

The implementation of this list of services is possible only if there is an appropriate organization of the Company. Figure 3 shows the structure of the Management Company LLC Management Company "DomServis".

Figure 3. Structure of the Management Company of DomServis Management Company LLC

Thus, we can conclude that the Company’s production and financial activities involve many of its own interconnected organizational, labor, material and financial resources. If necessary, if in the course of performing a range of services by the Company, situations arise when there is a need to perform a number of works, the specificity and complexity of which do not allow them to be carried out on their own, the Company enters into contracts and, based on the results of their implementation, a certificate of completion is issued.

The organizational structure of an enterprise is an ordered set of steadily interconnected elements that ensure the functioning and development of the organization as a single whole. The structure of an enterprise is also defined as a form of division and cooperation of management activities, within the framework of which the management process is carried out according to the relevant functions aimed at solving the assigned tasks and achieving the intended goals. From these positions, the management structure is presented in the form of a system of optimal distribution of functional duties, rights and responsibilities, order and forms of interaction between its constituent management bodies and the people working in them.

The organizational structure of DomService Management Company LLC is linear-functional. Line managers are the sole commanders, and they are assisted by functional bodies. The elements of the structure are individual employees and services of the management apparatus; the relationship between them is maintained through connections that can be linear and functional.

Linear connections reflect the movement of management decisions and information between line managers, i.e. persons who are fully responsible for the activities of the organization or its structural divisions.

Functional connections take place along the flow of information and management decisions for certain management functions.

The General Director organizes the work and effective interaction of all structural divisions, directs their activities to the development and improvement of production.

The specifics of the activity involve the identification of an economic block in finance, dealing with issues of economic justification of tariffs for housing and communal services. Tariffs for housing and communal services for the population are a system of payment rates for housing and utilities, valid for the entire population of a municipality (settlement), according to which payments for housing and communal services are made.

An economically justified tariff for housing and communal services is the amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of housing or the provision of utility services, ensuring the minimum required level of reimbursement of costs for expanded reproduction, taking into account the program for the development of housing and communal services facilities adopted by the owner while observing quality standards of services.

Economically justified tariffs represent the objective level of the equilibrium price of supply and demand. At the same time, demand is determined by the needs for the volume and quality of services, the confirmed capabilities of the municipal budget and the income of the average family. The proposal characterizes the tariff value that ensures reimbursement of the costs of housing and communal services organizations for expanded reproduction with the required volume of work.

The main goals of introducing economically justified (planned and calculated) tariffs and increasing the objectivity of their formation are:

-protecting the interests of consumers, including the population, during the transition of the industry to break-even operating mode, preventing unreasonable increase in tariffs;

-ensuring rational budget planning of municipalities and regions;

-creation of a mechanism for regulating prices for services of housing and communal services organizations - natural monopolists in local commodity markets by controlling the level of costs and profits, using “fair market prices” when concluding service contracts;

-creation of price benchmarks in the context of eliminating cross-subsidies in the provision of utility services to industrial consumers and the population, reducing inflated tariffs for industrial consumers.

When selling utility services at tariffs below cost, MP Housing and Communal Services receives a loss, for the repayment of which compensation is sent in the form of budgetary allocations in accordance with the budget classification. In particular, these are budget funds allocated for:

-compensation of electricity tariffs;

-the amount of benefits provided to certain categories of the population for payment for housing and communal services;

-reimbursement of the difference between tariffs for services and costs of enterprises of municipal housing and communal services, municipal services, providing social facilities of municipal property with heat and energy resources, etc.

Accounting collects, groups and summarizes information about the economic activities of DomServis Management Company LLC, as well as settlements with buyers, customers, suppliers, etc. The chief accountant is the deputy general director; the accounting department of DomService Management Company LLC is subordinate to the chief accountant.

The main functions of key positions in the financial service of the enterprise are presented in Table 4.

Table 4

Main functions of key positions

Chief Accountant General Director Determination of the optimal composition and structure of assets and liabilities. Actions for the survival of a company in a competitive environment Development of a balanced policy that takes into account the strategic and tactical interests of owners, investors, employees. Implementation of measures to avoid bankruptcy and major financial failures Monitoring the activities of the enterprise Leadership in the fight against competitors Managing solvency Maximizing the “price” of the company Managing financial stability Acceptable growth rates of the economic potential of the company Managing economic efficiency Growing sales volumes Managing the rhythm of payment transactions Maximizing profits Factoring Minimizing expenses Cash flow management Ensuring profitable activities

The enterprise also adopted the Accounting Regulations, which set out the basic qualification requirements for the chief accountant. According to the Regulations on Accounting, a specialist with at least five years of experience in accounting, a higher economic education and a certificate of a professional accountant, as well as other requirements, can be hired as chief accountant at DomServis Management LLC. It is indicated which documents are signed (approved or endorsed) by accounting employees, in particular by the chief accountant.

Accounting at LLC Management Company "DomServis" is carried out using an automated accounting form. LLC Management Company "DomService" uses the following programs: "1C: Enterprise - Accounting, edition 7.7".

This program is a universal system for automating accounting. It can support various accounting systems, various accounting methodologies, and be used in enterprises of various types of activities.

The program has a unified mechanism for creating reports and working with them. This includes standard, custom and regulated reports.

The balance sheet is one of the regulated ones.

The basis for entries in the accounting registers of DomServis Management Company LLC are primary documents recording the fact of a business transaction, as well as accounting calculations.

Primary documents are accepted for accounting by DomServis Management Company LLC if they are compiled according to unified forms approved by the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Forms of primary documents for internal accounting reporting are developed and approved by the enterprise independently.

Thus, the organization and maintenance of accounting in LLC Management Company "DomServis" is carried out in accordance with regulatory documents included in the system of regulatory regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation.

2.2 Assessing the internal control system

When planning and conducting an audit of funds in DomService Management Company LLC, it is necessary to use Federal Rule FSAD 9/2011 “Features of the audit of a separate part of the statements”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 16, 2011 No. 99n.

This federal auditing standard defines the requirements for the procedure for an audit organization, an individual auditor (hereinafter referred to as the auditor) to audit a separate part (separate parts) of accounting (financial) statements or reports prepared according to special rules (hereinafter referred to as a separate part of the statements).

When conducting an audit of a separate part of the statements, the auditor must follow the ethical requirements mandatory for performing audit assignments of accounting (financial) statements, including independence, as well as all federal auditing standards applicable when conducting an audit, regardless of whether he conducts simultaneously auditing the accounting (financial) statements as a whole. In the event that the auditor does not audit the accounting (financial) statements as a whole, he must determine whether it is possible to audit a separate part of the statements in accordance with federal auditing standards.

When conducting an audit of a separate part of the statements, the auditor must determine:

a) whether the application of the rules for drawing up this part of the reporting leads to adequate presentation and disclosure of information, enabling intended users of a separate part of the reporting to understand both the information contained in this part of the reporting and the impact on this information of material facts of the economic life of the audited entity;

b) whether the intended form of expression of the auditor's opinion would be appropriate in the circumstances of the audit engagement.

In planning and executing the engagement, the auditor should determine whether any special considerations arise in the application of the requirements of a particular standard. For example, instead of written statements and explanations from the management of the audited entity regarding the accounting (financial) statements, when conducting an audit of a separate part of the statements, the auditor must receive statements and explanations from the management of the audited entity regarding a separate part of the statements.

Planning is the initial stage of the audit, during which the scope and timing of the audit are determined, an audit plan and program is developed, which determines the types and sequence of audit procedures. That is, they determine the strategy and tactics of the audit. Planning is carried out in accordance with Rule (standard) No. 3 Audit planning dated September 23, 2002 No. 696 (as amended by the Resolution<#"justify">RD 1. Test questionnaire for assessing internal control systems in terms of cash transactions

ContentsAnswersYesNoNotes12341. Are the security conditions for storing funds met? ´ Safes, security2. Does the equipment of the cash register premises comply with the requirements of the Regulations for Conducting Cash Operations? ´ No separate room3. Is there an alarm installed at the cash register? ´ 4. Is the cash register room equipped with a fireproof cabinet (safe)? ´ 5. Where and who keeps duplicate keys to the cash register safe? Stored with cashiers Accounted duplicate keys are stored with the director6. Does the order on accounting policy establish the frequency of cash inventory? ´ 7. Is a commission appointed by order of the manager to conduct an inventory of the cash register? ´ 8. Is a cash register inventory carried out when a cashier changes? ´ 9. Does the chief accountant take part in the cash inventory? ´ 10. Does the company have cash registers? ´ 11. Did the cashiers change at the company during the period under review? ´ 12. Is there a limit for storing funds in the cash register? ´ 13. Are cash payments made to legal entities? ´ 14. Is there a document for the enterprise that approves the circle of persons who have the right to sign documents on transactions with funds? ´ 15. Have agreements on full liability been concluded with persons responsible for storing funds? ´ 16. Who has the right to sign incoming and outgoing cash orders as the chief accountant? Chief accountant17. Are unified forms of primary accounting documents used when processing cash transactions? ´ 18. Who issues primary cash documents Accountant 19. Were funds issued with the presence of the 1st signature (manager, chief accountant)? ´ 20. Does the company maintain a cash book? ´ 21. Number of cash books at the enterprise One22. Who keeps the cash book? Accountant23. How are the cashier's reports regularly transferred to the accounting department and checked by the chief accountant? Daily24. Does the enterprise keep a log of cash receipts and expenditures? ´ 25. When issuing money for business needs, is there a period for which it is issued? ´ 26. Is the safety of funds ensured when delivered from the bank? ´ 27. Is the cashier accompanied when depositing and receiving funds at the bank? ´ Security28. During the period under review, were any fines imposed on the manager and officials for failure to comply with cash discipline? ´ 29. Does the company have the necessary documentation to open a current account? ´ 30. Are conditions provided for control over the relevant source documents? ´ 31. Does the company use specific forms of payment? ´ 32. Are there any unusual or complex transactions using the current account? ´ 33. Are the rules for storing bank documents and strict reporting forms observed? ´ Complies with established requirements

During the assessment of the internal control system, 24 positive answers were received out of 33, i.e. more than 70% (24/33*100 = 75%), therefore, the internal control system in the cash accounting area can be considered effective.

The auditor's assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control system is necessary to assess and plan the scope of the audit. If the internal control system is assessed as effective, then it becomes possible to reduce the scope of the audit, and in some cases, not carry it out at all, trusting the internal control system.

In relation to the audited enterprise LLC Management Company "DomServis", based on these tests - questionnaires, we can conclude that the enterprise has a fairly effective internal control system, however, there are some shortcomings that require elimination.

2.3 Calculation of the level of materiality of an enterprise

According to Auditing Rule (Standard) No. 4 “Materiality in an Audit,” the audit organization and the individual auditor (hereinafter referred to as the auditor) in the audit process are required to assess materiality and its relationship with audit risk.

During audits, audit organizations should not establish the reliability of reporting with absolute accuracy, but are required to establish its reliability in all material respects.

During the audit process, the audit organization and the individual auditor are required to assess the materiality of information and its relationship with audit risk.

Information about individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions, as well as components of capital, is considered material if its omission or distortion could affect the economic decisions of users made on the basis of financial (accounting) statements. Materiality depends on the size of the financial (accounting) reporting indicator and/or error, assessed in the event of their absence or distortion.

The auditor evaluates what is material using his or her professional judgment.

When developing the audit plan, the auditor establishes an acceptable level of materiality in order to identify material (from a quantitative point of view) misstatements. However, both the magnitude (quantity) and nature (quality) of the misstatement must be taken into account. Examples of qualitative distortions are:

insufficient or inadequate description of the accounting policy, when there is a likelihood that the user of the financial (accounting) statements will be misled by such a description;

failure to disclose information about a violation of regulatory requirements when there is a likelihood that the subsequent application of sanctions could have a significant impact on the audited entity's results of operations.

The auditor needs to consider the possibility of misstatements in relation to relatively small amounts, which in the aggregate could have a significant effect on the financial (accounting) statements. For example, an error in a month-end procedure may indicate a possible material misstatement that would arise if the error were repeated each month.

The auditor considers materiality both at the level of financial (accounting) statements as a whole, and in relation to the balance of funds in individual accounting accounts of groups of similar transactions and cases of information disclosure. Materiality may be influenced by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as factors related to individual accounting accounts of financial (accounting) statements and the relationships between them. Depending on the aspect of the financial (accounting) statements being considered, different levels of materiality are possible.

The auditor should consider materiality when:

determining the nature, timing and scope of audit procedures;

assessing the consequences of misstatements.

When planning an audit, the auditor considers what could cause a material misstatement of the financial (accounting) statements. The auditor's assessment of materiality related to individual accounting accounts and groups of similar transactions helps the auditor decide, for example, the question of which financial statements to check, as well as the use of sampling and analytical procedures. This allows the auditor to select audit procedures that are expected to collectively reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level.

There is an inverse relationship between materiality and audit risk: the higher the level of materiality, the lower the level of audit risk, and vice versa. The inverse relationship between materiality and audit risk is taken into account by the auditor when determining the nature, timing and scope of audit procedures. For example, if, after planning specific audit procedures, the auditor determines that the acceptable level of materiality is lower, then audit risk increases. The auditor compensates for this either by reducing the previously assessed level of control risk where possible and maintaining the reduced level by performing enhanced or additional tests of controls, or by reducing the risk of undetected misstatements by changing the nature, timing and extent of planned substantive procedures.

The assessment of materiality and audit risk at the initial planning stage may differ from such assessment after summing up the audit procedures. This may be caused by a change in circumstances or a change in the auditor's awareness of the audit. For example, if the audit is planned before the end of the reporting period, the auditor can only forecast the results of business activities and the financial position of the audited entity. If actual results of operations and financial position differ significantly from those projected, the assessment of materiality and audit risk may change. In addition, the auditor, when planning his work, may deliberately set the acceptable level of materiality at a level lower than that intended to be used to evaluate the audit results. This may be done to reduce the likelihood of misstatements not being detected, as well as to provide the auditor with some degree of security in assessing the consequences of misstatements discovered during the audit.

When assessing the reliability of financial (accounting) statements, the auditor should determine whether the totality of uncorrected misstatements identified during the audit is material.

The totality of uncorrected misstatements includes: specific misstatements identified by the auditor, including the results of uncorrected misstatements identified during the previous audit; the auditor's best estimate of other misstatements that cannot be specifically identified (ie, foreseeable errors).

If the auditor concludes that misstatements may be material, he or she must reduce audit risk by performing additional audit procedures or require management to amend the financial statements. Management has the right to amend the financial (accounting) statements taking into account identified misstatements.

If the management of the audited entity refuses to amend the financial (accounting) statements, and the results of extended (additional) audit procedures do not allow the auditor to conclude that the aggregate of uncorrected misstatements is not material, the auditor should consider appropriately modifying the auditor's report.

If the aggregate of undetected misstatements identified by the auditor approaches the materiality level, the auditor needs to determine whether it is probable that the undetected misstatements, considered together with the aggregate of detected but uncorrected misstatements, may exceed the materiality level determined by the auditor. Consequently, as the aggregate uncorrected misstatements approach materiality, the auditor considers mitigating the risk by performing additional audit procedures or requiring management to amend the financial statements to reflect the identified misstatements.

When finding the absolute value of the level of materiality, the auditor must take as a basis the most important indicators characterizing the reliability of the reporting of the economic entity subject to the audit. When calculating the level of materiality, we use the methodology of N.Yu. Slatetskaya. .

Calculation of the level of materiality of the error in DomServis Management LLC in tables 6 and 7. We use the enterprise’s reporting data.

In this case, when determining the level of materiality, reporting data for the 1st half of 2012 (Appendix 26) is taken, since the period under review is the 1st half of 2012.

Table 6

RD 2. Calculation of the materiality level in DomServis Management LLC

Name of the basic indicator Value of the basic indicator, thousand rubles. Share, %Value used to find the level of materiality, thousand rubles. 1234 Sales revenue 3516551758.3 Gross profit 85512102.6 Balance sheet currency 23781424756.3 Liabilities of the enterprise 237002511850.1 Total costs 343102686.2

Let's calculate the level of significance of the error in DomService Management Company LLC. To do this, we find the average value of the indicators in column 4 of table 6:

(1758.3+102.6+4756.3+11850+6860.2) /5 = 3830.7 thousand rubles.

The auditor analyzes the numerical values ​​recorded in column 4. He can discard values ​​that deviate greatly both upward and downward. The permissible level of deviations from the average value is set at 70%.

Since the value of the share of gross profit and liabilities indicators deviates greatly from the average, these values ​​are not taken to calculate the level of materiality. Then we determine the level of materiality:

(1758.3+4756.3+686.2) /3 = 2400 thousand rubles.

Table 7

RD 3. Calculation of the level of materiality in LLC Management Company "DomServis" in relation to balances on individual accounting accounts

Name of the balance sheet item Value of the indicator Share of the item in the total volume of selected indicators, % Level of materiality in relation to the balances of individual accounts Balance sheet assets Intangible assets 00.00 Fixed assets 300.00 Inventories 137755.8139 VAT 5440.25 Accounts receivable 122305.1123 Financial investments 21123388.82132 De tender funds 10.00 Total 237814100.02400 Balance sheet liabilities Authorized capital 100.00 Retained earnings (uncovered loss) 8020.38 Borrowed funds 10067942.31016 Accounts payable 13659457.41378 Total 237814100.02400

Thus, a certain unified level of materiality in DomServis Management LLC is 2,400 thousand rubles.

2.4 Drawing up an audit plan and program

The next planning stage is the development of an overall audit plan. At this stage, individual sections of the general plan are discussed with the director of DomService Management Company LLC in order to increase the efficiency of the upcoming audit and coordinate audit procedures.

Audit planning is carried out on the basis of Rule (standard) No. 3 of auditing activities “Audit planning”.

The overall audit plan is documented and describes the expected scope and procedure for conducting the audit.

When developing a general cash audit plan for DomService Management Company LLC, it is necessary to take into account:

a) the activities of the audited entity, including: general economic factors and conditions in the industry affecting the activities of the audited entity; characteristics of the audited entity, its activities, financial condition, requirements for its financial (accounting) or other reporting, including changes that have occurred since the date of the previous audit; general level of management competence;

b) accounting and internal control systems, including: accounting policies adopted by the audited entity and its changes; the impact of new regulatory legal acts in the field of accounting on the reflection in the financial (accounting) statements of the results of the financial and economic activities of the audited entity;

c) the nature, timing and extent of procedures, including: the relative importance of various sections of accounting for the audit; the impact on the audit of the presence of a computer accounting system and its specific features; the existence of an internal audit unit of the audited entity and its possible influence on external audit procedures;

d) other aspects, including: features of the contract for the provision of audit services and legal requirements; the form and timing of preparation and submission of a written report to the audited entity in accordance with the law, rules (standards) of auditing activities and the conditions of a specific audit assignment.

Based on the results of the test questionnaire, a general plan was drawn up for conducting an audit of cash accounting at DomServis Management LLC (see Table 8).

Table 8

RD 4. General plan for the audit of funds of DomServis Management Company LLC

Audited organization LLC Management Company "DomService" Audit period from 01/1/12 to 06/30/12 Number of hours 20 Accepted level of materiality 2400 thousand rubles. Head of the audit team Planned types of work Period of implementation Performer 1. Audit of compliance with the provisions of accounting policies regarding the accounting of funds November 21, 2012 Novozhilova D. 2. Audit of documentation and correctness of procedures for performing transactions with funds November 22, 2012 Novozhilova D. 3. Audit of the correctness of recording transactions with funds in accounting accounts23 .11.12 Novozhilova D. 4. Audit of data identity of synthetic and analytical accounting and financial statements of the enterprise November 24, 2012 Novozhilova D.

Once the overall audit plan has been formulated, the auditor needs to establish and document an audit program that defines the nature, timing and extent of the planned audit procedures necessary to implement the overall audit plan.

An audit program is a set of instructions for the auditor performing the audit and a means of monitoring and verifying that the work is being carried out properly.

In preparing the audit program, the auditor is required to consider the auditor's assessment of inherent and control risk, the required level of assurance to be provided in substantive procedures, the timing of tests of controls and substantive procedures, and the coordination of any assistance. , which is expected to be received from the audited entity, as well as the involvement of other auditors or experts.

In accordance with the general audit plan presented above, an audit program was developed for accounting for cash transactions at DomServis Management Company LLC (see Table 9).

Table 9

RD 5. Cash audit program at LLC Management Company "DomServis"

Audited organization LLC Management Company "DomService" Audit period from 01/1/12 to 06/30/12 Number of hours 20 Accepted level of materiality 2400 thousand rubles. Head of the audit team List of audit proceduresDateAuditorInspected documents, objects RD of the auditor 1. Audit of compliance with the provisions of the accounting policy in terms of accounting for funds 1.1 Checking the presence of the necessary elements of the Accounting Policy of LLC Management Company "DomServis" regarding transactions with funds 11/21/12 Novozhilova D. Accounting policy RD 62. Audit of documentation and correctness of procedures for transactions with funds means 2.1 Compliance with regulatory requirements for the equipment of the cash register premises 22.11.12 Novozhilova D. -RD 72.2 Compliance of the actual amount of money in the cash register of LLC Management Company "DomServis" with the established limit 22.11.12 Novozhilova D. Accounting policy, cash book RD 82.3 Checking the correctness of the cash book of LLC Management Company " DomServis" for the 1st half of 2012. 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Cash book RD 92.4 Checking the correctness of transferring the balance from one page to another of the cash book LLC Management Company "DomServis" 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Cash book RD 102.5 Checking the correctness and completeness of the entry of funds into cash register for the 1st half of 2012 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Cash book, Cash documents RD 112.6 Execution of an agreement with the bank for settlement and cash services LLC Management Company "DomServis" 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Agreement with the bank for settlement and cash services RD 122.7 Procedure and deadlines for delivery revenue to the bank, days of payment of wages to LLC Management Company "DomService" November 22, 2012 Novozhilova D. Agreement with the bank for cash settlement services RD 132.8 Procedure for the delivery of cash funds LLC Management Company "Management Company "DomServis" to OJSC "Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia" and from OJSC "Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia" 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Collection documents RD 14 Checking the presence of bank statements and the absence of erasures and corrections in them 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Bank statements RD 15 Checking the compliance of bank statements and supporting documents 11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Bank statements, Cash documentsRD 16Checking bank statements for the presence of a bank stamp on acceptance of documents for processing11/22/12 Novozhilova D. Bank statementsRD 173. Audit of the correctness of the reflection of transactions with funds in accounting accounts 3.1 Checking the correctness of the correspondence of accounts reflecting transactions with funds in LLC Management Company "DomService" 11/23/12 Novozhilova D. Registers of synthetic and analytical accounting RD 183.2 Checking the completeness and correctness of reflection in the accounting records of the receipt of funds to the cash desk 23.11.12 Novozhilova D. Registers of synthetic and analytical accounting RD 193.3 Checking the completeness and correctness of the reflection in the accounting records of the payment of wages23. 11.12 Novozhilova D. Registers of synthetic and analytical accounting RD 203.4 Verification of the completeness and correctness of reflection in the accounting records of the issuance of funds on account 23.11.12 Novozhilova D. Registers of synthetic and analytical accounting RD 214. Audit of the identity of data of synthetic and analytical accounting and financial statements of the enterprise 4.1 Identity verification Records of synthetic and analytical accounting registers on accounts 51, 50 on 06/30/12, 11/24/12 Monovilova D. Registers of synthetic and analytical accounting 224.2 Verification of the identity of the records of the Salda Vedomosti and Accounting Balance of LLC DomService on 06/30/12.12 Novoselova d . Turnover sheet, Balance Sheet RD 23

Thus, in the second chapter, planning was carried out for the audit of cash transactions of DomService Management Company LLC. Based on the stated audit program, we will conduct an audit of cash transactions at DomServis Management Company LLC.

Chapter 3. Audit of funds of LLC Management Company "DomServis"

3.1 Audit of compliance with accounting policies regarding cash accounting

The enterprise develops and approves accounting policies in accordance with the Accounting Regulations "Accounting Policy of the Organization", approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 No. 60n (PBU 1/2008), based on the Chart of Accounts and accounting rules.

In the section of the accounting policy that determines the features of cash accounting, the following elements must be approved:

The procedure for conducting an inventory of funds must be approved in accordance with the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation. It is necessary to indicate which accounting accounts are used to make an inventory of settlements with banks and other credit institutions for loans, with the budget, buyers, suppliers, accountable persons, employees, depositors, other debtors and creditors, which consists of checking the validity of the amounts listed in the accounting accounts .

In the accounting policy of the enterprise, it is necessary to fix the deadline for reporting on funds issued for reporting on business expenses in accordance with clause 11 of the “Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation”, approved by letter of the Central Bank dated September 22, 1993 No. 40. It is recommended to establish a deadline for reporting on funds issued for reporting on business expenses, within three days after receipt of funds.

The organization's accounting policy also needs to indicate the cash balance limit set by the bank.

We will check whether the accounting policies of DomServis Management Company LLC reflect all the necessary points regarding transactions with funds (see Table 10).

Table 10

RD 6. Checking the presence of the necessary elements of the Accounting Policy of LLC Management Company "DomServis" regarding transactions with funds

Elements of accounting policy regarding transactions with cash Degree of reflection in the Accounting policy of DomServis Management Company LLC (Appendix 2) Reflected Not reflected 1. The distribution of responsibilities between accounting employees, as well as the levels of responsibility for violations of accounting for banking and cash transactions2. Bank-cash document flow schedule and technology for processing accounting informationx3. Concept of cashx4. The procedure for conducting an inventory of funds x5. Inventory schedule x6. Deadline for reporting funds issued for reporting on business expenses7. The limit on the balance of cash in the cash register established by the bankx8. Accounts used in accounting for cash and banking transactions, according to the working chart of accounts and their correspondence

As can be seen from the working document, the Accounting Policy of DomService Management Company LLC does not reflect any of the essential elements for cash transactions. This is a significant drawback of cash accounting in an enterprise and requires elimination.

3.2 Audit of documentation and correctness of procedures for performing transactions with funds

At the beginning of the inspection, we will conduct an audit of compliance with regulatory requirements of the equipment of the cash desk premises of DomServis Management Company LLC (see Table 8). At the same time, the actual condition of the cash register premises equipment and the standards required for it are verified.

Table 8

RD 7. Compliance with the regulatory requirements of the equipment of the cash desk premises of LLC Management Company "DomServis"

Requirements Degree of fulfillment Complied with Not fulfilled Presence of a cash register room isolated from other service and utility rooms. + The presence of solid walls, durable floor and ceiling coverings, reliable internal walls and partitions. +The presence of two doors in the cash register room: an external one, opening outwards and an internal one, made in the form of a steel lattice, opening towards the internal location of the cash register. +Equipment of a special window for issuing money. +The presence of a safe (metal cabinet) for storing money and valuables, firmly attached to the building structures of the floor and wall with steel pipes. + Availability of a working fire extinguisher. -

As can be seen from the auditor’s working document, the requirements for equipping the cash register premises at the enterprise have not been met and this deficiency requires immediate elimination. This circumstance was explained by the chief accountant by the fact that the company had recently moved to a new office and the cash desk premises had not yet been renovated and equipped.

The next stage is an audit of the compliance of the actual amount of cash in the cash register with the established limit. At the same time, the auditor selectively checked the sheets of the cash book for the 1st half of 2012 (Appendix 14), and compiled an auditor’s working document (see Table 11).

Table 11

RD 8. Compliance of the actual amount of funds in the cash desk of DomService Management Company LLC with the established limit

DateAccording to DomServis Management Company LLCAccording to the auditorLimit amount, rub. Actual availability at Limit amount, rub. Actual availability as of 01/26/201250 000.0030227.7550 000.0030227.7527.01.201250 000.0030227.7550 000.0030227.7531.01.201250 000.00227.7550 00 0.00227.7527.02.201250 000.00227.7550 000.00227 .75

During the audit of compliance of the actual amount of funds in the cash desk of DomService Management Company LLC with the established limit, no violations were identified.

Checking the correctness of the cash book is carried out in two directions:

1. checking the correctness of the cash book;
2. checking the accuracy of entries in the cash book:
3. selective arithmetic verification of the correctness of the totals for incoming and outgoing transactions for the day;
4. checking the correct transfer of the remainder from one page to another;
5. reconciliation of entries in the cash book, cashier's report, with registration data of incoming and outgoing cash orders.

In this case, it is necessary to make sure that the organization’s cash book is numbered, laced and sealed, and the number of sheets in the cash book is certified by the signatures of the head and chief accountant of the enterprise. This requirement is met in the organization (working document - table 12). During the audit, the correctness of the calculation of balances is checked, taking into account the inflow and outflow of funds.

Table 12

RD 9. Checking the correctness of the cash book of LLC Management Company "DomServis" for the 1st half of 2012.

Document number Balance Receipt Expense Transfer Sheet 1 of the cash book 01/26/2012227.7530000,000,0030227.75 Sheet 2 of the cash book 01/27/2012227,7530000,000,0030227.75 Sheet 3 of the cash book 01/31/2012227 ,7530000.0030000.00227.75 Sheet 4 of the cash book 02.27. 2012227.75244200.00244200.00227.75

By checking the cash book entries, you can draw conclusions about how correctly the cash book is drawn up and the reliability of the entries in it. Records of cash receipts and expenditures, taking into account arithmetic verification, are reflected correctly.

Next, we will check the correctness of transferring the balance from one page to another of the cash book of DomService Management Company LLC (see Table 13). In this case, the balance at the end of the day must be equal to the balance at the beginning of the next day.

Table 13

RD 10. Checking the correctness of transferring the balance from one page to another of the cash book of DomService Management Company LLC

No. Report number DateBalance at the end of the day, rub. Balance at the beginning of the day, rub. Auditor's note Sheet 1 of the cash book 01/26/2012227.75227.75 No violations detected Sheet 2 of the cash book 01/27/201230227.75227.75 Violation detected Sheet 3 of the cash book 01/31/201230227.75227.75 Violation detected Sheet 4 of the cash book 27 .02.2012227.75227.75 No violations detected

On the second and third sheets of the cash register, the data on the transfer of cash balances is not reflected correctly. The balance at the end of the day does not correspond to the cash balance at the beginning of the next day.

Regarding this fact, the chief accountant explained this by saying that at the beginning of the year there was a malfunction in the computer program and still not all errors in the accounting documents that occurred as a result of this malfunction have been eliminated.

Errors in the first sheets of the cash book are due to the fact that the expenditure of funds equal to the amount of receipt was not reflected there, which as a result led to an incorrect calculation of the balance at the end of the operating day. However, according to the chief accountant, this did not lead to distortion of the reporting data, since the program automatically set the correct amount of the cash balance at the beginning of the day.

The balance is transferred from one page to another correctly, all entries in the cash book coincide with the registration data in the journals of incoming cash orders and outgoing cash orders.

When checking the reflection of entries in the cash book, the cashier's report, as well as in the journals for registering incoming and outgoing cash orders, all entries with the corresponding amounts are reflected. No discrepancies were found in the reconciliation of records.

When checking cash transactions, it is necessary to check the completeness and timeliness of the posting of money received according to the relevant primary documents (advance report, check, etc.) by reconciling the identical amounts recorded in the primary documents and bank statements (using the code corresponding to the receipt of cash). The working document (see Table 14) verifies the amount according to the receipt order and the cash book.

Table 14

RD 11. Checking the correctness and completeness of the receipt of funds to the cash desk for the 1st half of 2012

Date Cash book Receipt orderAmount for receipt. warrant, rub. Cash book amount, rub. Auditor's opinion 12/27/2012 Sheet 4 of the cash book Receipt order No. 2244200.00244200.00 Fully capitalized June 14, 2012 Sheet 8 of the cash book Receipt order No. 750000.0050000.00 Fully capitalized

A random check showed that the amounts in the cash book were fully reflected.

When checking funds in relation to banking operations, first of all, the presence and correctness of the agreement for cash settlement services is checked, including its number, date of preparation, urgency of the agreement, and the auditor’s working document is drawn up (see Table 15).

Table 15

RD 12. Execution of an agreement with the bank for settlement and cash services of LLC Management Company "DomServis"

No. Agreement No. Date Validity period 123451 With OJSC "Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia" on servicing bank account No. 13613.01.05 indefinitely

Based on the results of the audit of the availability and correct execution of the agreement for settlement and cash services, it is concluded that LLC Management Company DomServis has an agreement for settlement and cash services with OJSC Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia. The agreement was drawn up in the prescribed form and does not contain any violations. Next, an audit is carried out of the compliance of the procedure and timing for the delivery of proceeds to the bank, the days of payment of wages at DomServis Management LLC and the preparation of an auditor’s working document (see Table 16).

Table 16

RD 13. Procedure and terms for submitting proceeds to the bank, days for issuing wages at LLC Management Company "DomServis"

No. Indicator Value of the indicator 1 Deadline for delivery of proceeds Daily at the end of the day 2 Time for delivery of proceeds to the bank's cash desk 16 hours 30 minutes. 3Days of payment of wages A) B) 1st day of each month 10th day of each month

Based on the results of the audit of the compliance of the procedure and timing of delivery of proceeds to the bank, days of issue wages in LLC Management Company "DomServis" it is established that proceeds from the cash register are delivered to the bank in a timely manner and in full, and funds for the issuance of wages are received from the bank on the 1st and 10th of each month, which meets the requirements of the law regarding that wages must be paid to employees at least twice a month.

Next, an audit of the procedure for delivering cash from DomService Management Company LLC to the bank and from the bank’s establishment is carried out and an auditor’s working document is drawn up (see Table 17). The working document checks the degree of correctness of the procedure for delivering cash to the bank.

Table 17

RD 14. Procedure for the delivery of cash from LLC Management Company DomService to OJSC Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia and from OJSC Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia

Requirements Degree of fulfillment Complied with Not fulfilled Delivery of cash by bank collectors; +Independent delivery of funds by a cashier without proper escort (security); -Delivery of funds with provision of a vehicle to the cashier. +

Based on the results of the audit of the cash delivery procedure of LLC Management Company "DomServis" to OJSC "Northern Bank of Sberbank of Russia", it can be concluded that the delivery of funds is carried out in compliance with security requirements.

During an audit of cash transactions on bank accounts, the first thing to check is the presence of bank statements and the absence of erasures and corrections in them. To carry out this check, we will draw up a working document (see Table 18). The information base for verification is bank statements (MC DomServis provided the opportunity to review bank statements on the territory of the enterprise, but management did not allow photocopies of the documents to be made, since the information contained in them is a trade secret). The verification was carried out using a random method.

Table 18

RD 15. Checking the presence of bank statements and the absence of erasures and corrections in them

Subject of inspection Date of discharge 01/20/12 to 01/22/1223.01.1224.01.1225.01.121. Availability of bank statements++++2. Availability of corrections in the bank statementnononono3. Presence of erasures in the bank statementnononono4. Incoming/outgoing balance on statement45000.00/1448.581448.58/2706588.582706588.58/1806588.581806588.58/33448.58

As can be seen from the working document, the company's bank statements are in full. This confirms the account balance remaining. The audit also showed the absence of erasures and corrections in the bank statements.

Next, we will check the compliance of the amounts reflected in bank statements and supporting documents. To do this, we will draw up the following auditor document (see Table 19). Sources of information for verification are bank statements, cash receipt orders (Appendix 4,5,6), payment orders (Appendix 10,11), checks.

Table 19

RD 16. Checking the compliance of bank statements and supporting documents

TransactionAmountAccording to the bank statementAccording to the supporting document1. Receipt of money from the current account by check50000.0050000.002. Payment to the supplier under the contract 2961850.002961850.003. Payment to the supplier under the contract 1600000.001600000.00

The audit showed the presence of supporting documents for banking transactions, as well as the correspondence of the amounts of bank statements and supporting documents.

The next stage of auditing bank statements is checking them for the presence of the bank’s stamp indicating acceptance of documents for processing. To conduct this stage of the audit, a working document was drawn up (see Table 20).

Table 20

RD 17. Checking bank statements for the presence of a bank stamp confirming the acceptance of documents for processing

Date of statementsPresence of bank stampAuditor's commentfrom 01/20/12 to 01/22/12+-01/23/12+-01/24/12+stamp is poorly printed01/25/12+-

The audit showed that all verified statements have a bank stamp indicating acceptance of documents for processing. On one of the documents the stamp is not sufficiently printed, but it is legible and genuine.

3.3 Audit of the correctness of recording transactions with funds in accounting accounts

Next, an audit is carried out of the correctness of the correspondence of accounts reflecting cash transactions. When carrying out this audit, it is necessary to check the Working Chart of Accounts (Appendix 3) and Account Card 50.51 (Appendix 16,21) and a working auditor’s document is drawn up (see Table 21).

Table 21

RD 18. Checking the correctness of the correspondence of accounts reflecting transactions with funds in LLC Management Company "DomServis"

No. Transaction According to the chart of accounts At the enterprise Correctness of reflection DKDK1 Funds were received from the current account to the cash desk 50-151-150-151-1 correct 2 Funds were transferred to the current account from buyers of products 51-162-1 51-162-1 correct 3 Funds were received from the current account to product suppliers 60- 151-160-151-1correct4Paid taxes to the budget from the current account 68 6951-168 6951-1correct5Received revenue for goods sold 5062.905062.90correct6Received revenue for sold other assets 5062.915062.91correct7Advance received from the buyer (customer) 5062 5062 correct8The balance of unused items was handed over to the cashier amounts of money by accountable persons50715071correct9Paid in cash debt for goods on credit, loans, shortages, embezzlement, theft50735073correct10Cash contribution to the authorized capital of the organization50755075correct11Paid in cash receivables50765076correct12Paid in cash for various assets60506050 true13 Paid for purchased goods60506050 true14 Funds deposited into bank accounts51505150 true15 Salaries issued70507050 true16 Issued on account71507150 true17 A shortage of money was detected in the cash register The shortfall is attributed to the cashier The shortfall is withheld from the cashier's salary94 73 7050 94 7394 73 7050 94 73correct

Based on the results of the audit of the correctness of correspondence accounts for reflecting transactions on the current account, no violations were identified; correspondence accounts are compiled for all business transactions that comply with the requirements of the law.

When checking the receipt of funds at the cash desk, the correctness of the correspondence of accounts when reflecting these transactions and the amount is checked in accordance with the cash receipt order (Appendices 4,5,6) and the accounting accounts on the account card (Appendix 16) (see Table 22 ).

Table 22

RD 19. Checking the completeness and correctness of reflection in the accounting records of the receipt of funds at the cash desk

Date No. PKO Correspondence of accounts Amount, RUB. From whomFoundationDebitCredit01/31/2012150-176-530000Petrova E.A. Payment according to a preliminary agreement 02/27/2012250-0171.1244200.00 Pekonin S.M. Refund of the accountable amount14.062012750-015150000.00 Sberbank. Received money by check from the bank

When checking the receipt of funds at the cash desk, working document 16 reflects all transactions involving the receipt of funds.

Checking expense cash transactions includes:

) verification of payment of wages:

formal and arithmetic verification of settlement and payment (settlement and payment) statements, cash receipts;

checking the availability of powers of attorney to receive funds from other persons;

random check of the correspondence of names in pay slips with other documents.

This check includes reconciliation of amounts according to cash orders (Appendix 7,8,9), payroll records (Appendix 13) and accounting data (Appendix 16) (see Table 23).

Table 23

RD 20. Checking the completeness and correctness of reflection of the payment of wages in the accounting records

Date No. of payroll No. of cash receipt order Amount, rub. Account Auditor's opinion 07/10/201217817400.0070 No violation of the procedure and terms of payment of wages was found

Salaries are issued to employees upon presentation of a passport or other identification document. According to powers of attorney, the payment of wages was not recorded. The list of employees indicated in the pay slips corresponds to the list of employees of the company DomServis Management Company LLC.

) checking the issuance of funds for reporting:

• checking the availability of an application for the issuance of funds or a memo;
• checking the availability of supporting documents;
• reconciliation of amounts issued for reporting in the cash book, order journals;

This check includes reconciliation of amounts according to cash receipts (Appendix 7) and accounting data (Appendix 16) (see Table 24).

Table 24

RD 21. Checking the completeness and correctness of reflection in the accounting records of the issuance of funds for reporting

Date Availability of advance report No. RKO Cash book Accountable person Journal - account order 50 Amount, rub. Account09.12.2011+1Sheet 3 Pekonin S.M. +30000.071-1

The audit showed that cash transactions in the accounting accounts of DomServis Management Company LLC are reflected correctly.

3.4 Audit of data identity of synthetic and analytical accounting and accounting (financial) statements

Next, an audit of the reliability of the analytical accounting data of DomServis Management Company LLC is carried out. Sources of information for the verification are: Analysis of account 50, 51 (appendix 15, 20), Account card 50, 51 (appendix 16,21), Journal - order and Statement of account 50, 51 (appendix 17,22) , General ledger (account turnover 50, 51 (Appendix 18,23), Turnover balance sheet (Appendix 19,24,25). As a result of this stage of verification, the following working document was compiled (see Table 25).

Table 25

RD 22. Checking the identity of records in synthetic and analytical accounting registers for accounts 51, 50 as of 06/30/12.

Accounting register Balance at the end of the period, rub. Deviation (+,-) According to the data of LLC Management Company "DomServis" According to the auditor Analysis of account 51 "Settlement accounts" 254.26254.26 no Expanded journal - order for account 51 "Settlement accounts" 254.26254.26 no Account card 51 "Settlement accounts" 254, 26254.26 no General ledger for account 51 "Settlement accounts" 254.26254.26 no Balance sheet for account 51 "Settlement accounts" 254.26254.26 no Analysis of account 50 "Cash" 989.35989.35 no Expanded journal - order for account 50 "Cash" 989.35989.35 no Account card 50 "Cash" 989.35989.35 no General ledger for account 50 "Cash" 989.35989.35 no Balance sheet for account 50 "Cash" 989.35989.35 no

Based on the results of the audit of the identity of records in the registers of synthetic and analytical accounting, no violations were identified. At the same time, it was established that the balance of accounts 51, 50 as of June 30, 2012 was equal to 254.26 rubles. and 989.35 rub. respectively.

At the end of the audit, an audit of the identity of the entries in the Turnover Balance Sheet (Appendix 25) and the Balance Sheet, Form 1 (Appendix 26) is carried out and an auditor’s working document is drawn up (see Table 26).

Table 26

RD 23. Checking the identity of the entries in the Turnover Balance Sheet and the Balance Sheet of DomService Management Company LLC as of 06/30/12

Accounting registerAmount, rub. Deviation According to LLC Management Company "DomService" According to the auditor Turnover sheet 254.26 + 989.35 = 1243.61254.26 + 989.35 = 1243.61 no Balance sheet 1243.61? 1 thousand rubles. 1243.61?1 thousand rubles. No

Based on the results of the audit of the identity of the records of the turnover balance sheet (Appendix 25) and the Balance Sheet (Appendix 26) in terms of reflecting information about the funds of DomService Management Company LLC, no violations were identified.

During the audit of DomService Management Company LLC, 11 auditor working documents were generated. All documents are in the form of analytical tables and contain information about the state of cash accounting in DomServis Management LLC. Working documents serve as the basis for drawing up a Written Auditor's Report to the Director of DomService Management Company LLC based on the results of the audit.

During the audit of DomService Management Company LLC, 23 auditor working documents were generated. All documents are in the form of analytical tables and contain information about the state of cash accounting in DomServis Management LLC. Working documents serve as the basis for drawing up a Written Auditor's Report to the Director of DomService Management Company LLC based on the results of the audit.

3.5 Summarizing the information received and drawing up the conclusions of the cash audit

Completion of an audit of an organization's cash transactions is accompanied by the preparation of written information to the management of the audited entity. The preparation of written information to the management of the audited entity is carried out on the basis of the following auditing standards: Rule (standard) No. 22 of auditing activities “Communication of information obtained from the results of the audit to the management of the audited entity”, adopted by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2005. No. 228, Rule (standard) 1/2010 “Audit report on accounting (financial) statements”, adopted by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 No. 46n, Rule (standard) (FSAD 2/2010) “Modified opinion in the auditor’s report ", adopted by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 No. 46n, Rule (standard) (FSAD 3/2010) "Additional information in the audit report", adopted by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 No. 46n, Rule (standard) (FSAD 9/2011) "Features of the audit of a separate part of the statements", approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 16, 2011 No. 99n.

Information represents information that became known to the auditor during the audit of financial (accounting) statements, which, in the opinion of the auditor, is both important for management and representatives of the owner of the audited entity in their exercise of control over the preparation of reliable financial (accounting) statements of the audited entity and disclosure of information in it. The information includes only those matters that came to the auditor's attention as a result of the audit. The auditor is not required to develop procedures during the audit that are specifically aimed at finding information relevant to the management of the entity being audited. The auditor must review the information and communicate information of interest to the management of the entity being audited to the appropriate recipients of such information. Typically, such information reflects:

a) the auditor’s general approach to the conduct of the audit and its scope, the auditor’s concerns about any limitations on the scope of the audit, and comments on the appropriateness of any additional requests from management of the entity being audited;

b) selection or change by the management of the audited entity of principles and methods of accounting policies that have or may have a significant impact on the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entity;

c) the possible impact on the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entity of any significant risks and external factors that must be disclosed in the financial (accounting) statements (for example, legal proceedings);

d) significant adjustments to the financial (accounting) statements proposed by the auditor, both carried out and not carried out by the audited entity;

e) significant uncertainties relating to events or conditions that may significantly cast doubt on the entity's ability to continue as a going concern;

f) disagreements between the auditor and the management of the audited entity on issues that, individually or in the aggregate, may be significant for the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entity or the auditor’s report. The information provided in this regard should include an explanation of the importance of the matter and whether the matter has been resolved or not;

g) expected modifications to the auditor's report;

h) other issues that merit the attention of the owner's representatives (for example, significant deficiencies in internal control, issues related to the integrity of the audited entity's management, as well as cases of management misconduct).

If information of interest to the auditee's management is communicated orally, the auditor should document in working papers that information and the reactions of recipients to it. Such documents may take the form of copies of minutes of discussions held by the auditor with representatives of the owner and management of the audited entity. In some cases, depending on the nature, importance and characteristics of the information, it is appropriate for the auditor to obtain written confirmation from representatives of the owner and management of the audited entity regarding any oral communications on audit matters of interest to the management of the audited entity.

Thus, the General Director of LLC Management Company "DomService" was provided with Written information to the management of the organization based on the results of the audit, compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Rule (standard) (FSAD 9/2011) "Features of the audit of a separate part of the statements", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 16.08. 2011 No. 99n.

Written information to the management of the organization

Inspected economic entity: LLC Management Company "DomServis"

Verified period: from 01/01/12 to 06/30/12.

An audit of funds was carried out as of June 30, 2012 of the organization LLC Management Company "DomService".

Responsibility of the audited entity: balance sheet.

The management of the audited entity is responsible for the preparation and reliability of the specified balance sheet in the part of the line “Cash”, which does not contain significant distortions due to fraud or errors.

Auditor's Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the accuracy of the balance sheet as it relates to Cash based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with federal auditing standards. Those standards require that we comply with applicable ethical standards and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the balance sheet is free from material misstatement.

The audit included conducting audit procedures aimed at obtaining audit evidence confirming the numerical indicators for cash transactions in the balance sheet in the “Cash” line. The audit procedures we select are subject to our judgment, which is based on our assessment of the risk of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In the process of assessing this risk, we reviewed the internal control system, which ensures the preparation and reliability of the balance sheet in the “Cash” line, in order to select appropriate audit procedures, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control system.

The audit also included assessing the appropriateness of the accounting policies used and assessing the presentation of the balance sheet as it relates to the cash line item.

The evidence obtained during the audit provides sufficient grounds for expressing an opinion on the reliability of the balance sheet as regards the line “Cash”.

In our opinion, the cash transactions of the enterprise are reflected reliably in all material respects: cash receipts and payments of the organization LLC Management Company DomServis for the 1st half of 2012 in accordance with the requirements.

A significant drawback in the organization of cash accounting is the non-compliance of the approved Accounting Policy with the requirements of the law and errors in filling out the cash book, however, this circumstance did not lead to distortion of data in the reporting of LLC Management Company DomServis.

Thus, during the audit process, the compliance of the transactions with funds carried out by DomServis Management LLC with the legislation of the Russian Federation was carried out for the purpose of assessing the reliability of the accounting (financial) statements of the organization.

The study revealed that the enterprise's accounting policy does not reflect the specifics of accounting for cash transactions.

In the section of the accounting policy of LLC Management Company "DomServis", which determines the features of cash accounting, it is necessary to approve the following elements:

Regulations on the accounting service, which defines the distribution of responsibilities between accounting employees, and also indicates the levels of responsibility for violations of accounting for banking and cash transactions. Job descriptions for accounting employees must be documented as an appendix to the accounting policy;

bank-cash document flow schedule and technology for processing accounting information;

concept of money. Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand and in current accounts and cash equivalents, which are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Amounts that are subject to any restrictions on their use are excluded from cash and cash equivalents.

It is imperative to approve the procedure for conducting an inventory of funds in accordance with the Regulations of the Central Bank of October 12, 2011 No. 373-P “On the procedure for conducting cash transactions with banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia on the territory of the Russian Federation.” It is necessary to indicate which accounting accounts are used to make an inventory of settlements with banks and other credit institutions for loans, with the budget, buyers, suppliers, accountable persons, employees, depositors, other debtors and creditors, which consists of checking the validity of the amounts listed in the accounting accounts .

Account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” for goods paid for but in transit, and settlements with suppliers for uninvoiced deliveries should be checked. It is verified against documents in accordance with the corresponding accounts.

For debts to employees of the organization (account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”), unpaid amounts for wages are identified that are subject to transfer to the account of depositors, as well as the amounts and reasons for overpayments to employees.

When inventorying accountable amounts (account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”), reports of accountable persons on advances issued are checked, taking into account their intended use, as well as the amount of advances issued for each accountable person (dates of issue, intended purpose).

In addition, the inventory schedule must be approved in accordance with Article 12 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Accounting” No. 129-FZ of November 21, 1996.

In the accounting policy of DomService Management Company LLC, it is necessary to fix the deadline for reporting on funds issued for reporting for business expenses in accordance with clause 11 of the “Procedure for conducting cash transactions with banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia on the territory of the Russian Federation.” It is recommended to set the reporting period for funds issued for reporting on business expenses within three days after receiving the funds.

In the accounting policy of DomService Management Company LLC, it is also necessary to indicate the cash balance limit in the cash register established by the bank.

It is necessary to approve the accounts used to record cash and banking transactions in accordance with the working chart of accounts and their correspondence. For cash accounting accounts, additional analytical accounts can be entered, for example “Location of cash desk”, “Current account in bank A, B” and others.

The assessment of funds reflected in the accounts “Cash”, “Current account”, “Funds in settlements”, “Funds in transit” and others can be made in the accounting currency as of the balance sheet date. In case of settlements in another currency - at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, another exchange or at the rate established by the financial director. This provision is also recorded in the accounting policy of the enterprise. For example, funds in foreign currencies are accounted for in accounting in rubles by converting foreign currency at the rate valid on the date of issue of monetary settlement documents. Exchange differences on transactions in foreign currency, including differences from the revaluation of cash balances as of the date of preparation of the financial statements, are included in financial results.

Conclusion

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that the correctness, accuracy and timeliness of cash accounting leads to an improvement in the quality of accounting work, clarity in the distribution of funds, which in turn has a positive effect on the work of the entire organization.

Cash characterizes the initial and final stages of the circulation of economic assets, the speed of which largely determines the effectiveness of all business activities. The volume of money available to an enterprise as the most important means of payment determines the solvency of the enterprise - one of the most important characteristics of its financial position.

Cash is absolute liquidity, that is, the immediate ability to act as a means of payment for the obligations of the enterprise. Therefore, it is their volume that determines the solvency of the enterprise. To determine its level, the volume of cash is compared with the size of the enterprise's current liabilities. Enterprises that have sufficient funds to pay their current obligations are considered to be absolutely solvent. In addition, the company needs certain reserves of reserve funds to pay for possible unforeseen obligations, as well as to make unexpectedly profitable investments. However, any excess reserves of funds lead to a slowdown in their turnover, that is, to a decrease in the efficiency of their use, and in conditions of inflation, to direct losses due to their depreciation. All these statements once again emphasize the importance of this topic “Accounting and cash audit” and the relevance of this work.

The methodology for auditing funds in a final qualifying work is considered using the example of auditing the organization LLC Management Company "DomService".

The main task of cash accounting is reliable, timely and complete accounting of funds and transactions related to their movement. Accounting must be carried out on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and not contradict it. Accounting for funds is carried out on the basis of primary documents (forms No. KO-1, KO-2 and others);

The organization of accounting work in DomServis Management LLC complies with all the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, namely:

-the organization maintains accounting records in accordance with the Chart of Accounts for accounting the financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for its application, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n;

-the organization accepts cash when making settlements with the population with the mandatory use of cash registers, in accordance with the Federal Law of May 22, 2003 No. 54-FZ "On the use of cash register equipment when making cash payments and (or) settlements using payment cards ";

-within the time limits established by the head of the enterprise, as well as when changing cashiers, an audit is carried out at LLC Management Company "DomServis" with a complete page-by-page recalculation of cash and checking other valuables in the cash register.

In general, cash accounting at DomServis Management LLC is maintained in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. However, upon a detailed study of cash accounting at DomServis Management LLC, some inaccuracies were identified:

1.Such forms of primary accounting documentation as the “Logbook of registration of cash transactions” (No. KO-3) and the “Book of accounting of funds accepted and issued by the cashier” (No. KO-5) are not maintained at DomServis Management LLC;

2.Cash orders are not filled out properly:

-there are no signatures or transcripts to them;

-the responsible persons indicated in the documents do not correspond to the staffing table (the head of the organization in the documents is the chief accountant, the chief accountant is the cashier);

3. LLC Management Company "DomServis" does not have a separate place for the organization's cash desk, which is a violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, approved by decision of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of September 22, 1993 No. 40 (as amended on 26 February 1996).

Accounting at LLC Management Company "DomServis" is carried out using an automated accounting form. The organization uses the following programs: "1C: Enterprise - Accounting, edition 8.2".

In the practical part of the work, an audit of funds was carried out at DomServis Management Company LLC. It was found that the general purpose of the audit of funds in LLC Management Company "DomServis" is to verify compliance with the accounting procedure in the field of transactions with funds, compliance of these operations with the legislation of the Russian Federation, completeness and accuracy of the reflection of information on cash flows in the financial (accounting) statements funds.

Planning of the audit was carried out in accordance with Federal Rule (standard) No. 3 Audit Planning dated September 23, 2002 No. 696 (as amended on October 7, 2004).

Based on the results of the compiled test-questionnaire for assessing the internal control system, a conclusion was made about the high level of reliability of the organized cash accounting system at DomService Management Company LLC. The accepted level of materiality for DomServis Management Company LLC was 2,400 thousand rubles.

Further work of the auditor was based on the general plan and audit program drawn up.

The cash register and cash operations audit program included the following main areas:

Audit of compliance with accounting policies regarding cash accounting.

Audit of documentation and correctness of procedures for performing transactions with funds.

Audit of the correctness of recording transactions with funds in accounting accounts.

Audit of data identity of synthetic and analytical accounting and financial statements of an enterprise.

During the audit of DomService Management Company LLC, 23 auditor working documents were generated. All documents are in the form of analytical tables and contain information about the state of cash accounting in DomServis Management LLC. Working documents serve as the basis for drawing up an audit report of DomService Management Company LLC based on the results of the audit.

After checking the audit of transactions on current accounts, the following conclusions can be drawn:

-When checking the document flow of DomService Management Company LLC, no significant violations were identified. The reasons for the absence of obvious violations when checking document flow are the fact that computer technology is actively used, as well as the fact that the bank carries out additional verification of the execution of primary documents. And if the primary documents are filled out incorrectly, the bank refuses to accept these documents.

-Based on the results of checking the receipt of cash from the cash register according to the announcement for cash contributions, we can conclude that the amounts according to the announcement for cash contributions and the amounts of actual cash received are identical.

-Based on the results of the audit of transactions related to payment by non-cash funds, the completeness and timeliness of the supply of goods, services and their timely payment is traced.

-Based on the results of checking the receipt and expenditure of funds from the current accounts of DomService Management Company LLC, no violations were identified; correspondence accounts are drawn up for all business transactions that comply with the requirements of the law.

-Based on the results of the audit of the identity of records in the registers of synthetic and analytical accounting, no violations were identified.

Summing up the overall results of the inspection, we can conclude that no gross violations or errors were identified. Thus, in terms of organizing accounting and conducting operations on the movement of funds at the cash desk and on the current account at the LLC Management Company DomServis enterprise, the following conclusion can be drawn: accounting at the enterprise is organized and maintained in accordance with the regulatory framework and methodological guidelines on accounting. The financial accounting statements of the enterprise are compiled in accordance with the requirements for accounting reporting and are complete and reliable.

) reflection in the accounting policy of the enterprise of the features of accounting for cash transactions in accordance with current legislation;

) moving the cash register to a separate equipment room;

) entering the position of accountant-cashier.

List of sources used

Regulatory documents

1.Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part one: Federal Law of November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ. Part two: Federal Law of January 26, 1996 No. 14-FZ (as amended on November 30, 2011 No. 363-FZ). - M.: INFRA-M, 2012. P.3-145.

2.Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Part one: Federal Law of July 31, 1998 No. 146-FZ. Part two: Federal Law of July 31, 1998 No. 146-FZ (as amended on November 30, 2011 No. 359-FZ). - M.: INFRA-M, 2012. P.3-265.

.Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ (as amended on July 1, 2010) “On Auditing Activities” (as amended on November 21, 2011 No. 327-FZ) // Information and legal system "Garant".

.Federal Law of November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ (as amended on September 28, 2010) “On Accounting” (as amended on November 28, 2011 No. 339-FZ) // Information and legal system "Garant".

.Federal Law of May 22, 2003 No. 54-FZ “On the use of cash register equipment when making cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards” (adopted by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on April 25, 2003) (as amended on June 27, 2011 No. 162-FZ) // Information and legal system "Garant".

.Federal Law of July 10, 2002 No. 86-FZ "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)" (as amended on November 21, 2011 No. 327-FZ) // Information and legal system "Garant".

7. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 1993 No. 745 “On approval of the Regulations on the use of cash registers when making cash settlements with the population and the List of certain categories of enterprises (including individuals carrying out business activities without forming a legal entity, in the case of them trade operations or provision of services), organizations and institutions that, due to the specifics of their activities or the characteristics of their location, can carry out cash settlements with the population without the use of cash registers" (as amended by the Resolution<#"center">Applications

Annex 1

Regulatory documents governing accounting and auditing in the Russian Federation regarding transactions with funds

No. Title of document Document no., date of adoption, approving authorityLast editionList of regulated issues on accounting and audit of cash transactions123451 level Legislative1Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part one. part two. Part one: Federal Law of November 30, 1994 N 51-FZ. Adopted by the State Duma on October 21, 1994 Part two: Federal Law of January 26, 1996 N 14-FZ. Adopted by the State Duma on December 22, 1995 from October 2, 2012. Regulates issues of a civil legal nature. In terms of cash transactions, it regulates relations with counterparties on these issues. 2Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Part one. part two. Part one: Federal Law of July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ. Adopted by the State Duma on July 16, 1998. Approved by the Federation Council on July 17, 1998 Part two: Federal Law of July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ. Adopted by the State Duma on July 19, 2000. Approved by the Federation Council on July 26, 2000. dated April 30, 2010 Regulates issues of taxation of citizens and organizations of the Russian Federation. In terms of cash transactions, it regulates the taxation of these transactions. 3Federal Law "On Accounting". Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ. Adopted by the State Duma on February 23, 1996. Approved by the Federation Council on March 20, 1996. dated November 28, 2011 No. 339-ФЗ Establishes general provisions for accounting in general, and accounting for cash transactions in particular. 4Federal Law “On Accounting” No. 402-FZ dated December 6, 2011 Establishes uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) reporting, as well as the creation of a legal mechanism for regulating accounting. 5Federal Law “On Auditing Activities” Federal Law No. 307-FZ of December 30, 2008. Adopted by the State Duma on December 24, 2008. Approved by the Federation Council on December 29, 2008. the federal law<#"justify">The regulation establishes the obligation of enterprises, institutions and organizations (including kiosks, stalls, tents and other fixed networks) of all forms of ownership that carry out trading activities and provide paid services to the population to accept cash with the mandatory use of cash registers, allowed for use in accordance with the State Register of Control - cash registers. 9Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for carrying out cash payments and (or) settlements using payment cards without the use of cash register equipment" Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05/06/2008 N 359 Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02/14/2009 N 112 The regulation establishes the procedure for implementation by organizations and individual entrepreneurs cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards without the use of cash register equipment in the case of providing services to the population, subject to the issuance of a document drawn up on a strict reporting form, equivalent to a cash receipt, as well as the procedure for approval, accounting, storage and destruction of such forms. 10 Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation “On the maximum amount of cash payments and expenditure of cash received at the cash desk of a legal entity or the cash office of an individual entrepreneur” Instruction of the Central Bank of June 20, 2007 No. 1843-Ured. Directions Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated April 28, 2008 No. 2003-U Limit amount of cash payments in the Russian Federation between legal entities. 11Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation "On the forms of financial statements of organizations" Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 66n ed. Order Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 17, 2012. No. 113n Establishes the forms of financial statements, the volume and procedure for filling them out 12Regulations on accounting “Correcting errors in accounting and reporting” (PBU 22/2010). Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation N 63n dated June 28, 2010 - Establishes the rules for correcting errors and the procedure for disclosing information about errors in the accounting of cash transactions and information about this area of ​​accounting in the reporting of organizations that are legal entities under the law Russian Federation. 13Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of the Organization” (PBU 1/08). By Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 106n dated October 6, 2008. Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated April 27, 2012 No. 55n Establishes the procedure for the formation of the organization's accounting policy in terms of accounting and tax accounting of cash transactions 14Regulations on accounting "Accounting statements of the organization" (PBU 22/10). Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 63n dated June 28, 2010 Order Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2010 N 142n Regulates the issues of compiling an organization’s reporting and reflecting information on cash transactions in it15 Accounting Regulations “Income of the organization” (PBU 9/99). Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 32n dated May 6, 1999. Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated April 27, 2012 No. 55n Establishes the procedure for generating the organization’s income. 16Regulations on accounting "Expenses of the organization" (PBU 10/99). Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 33n dated May 6, 1999. Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated April 27, 2012 No. 55n Establishes the procedure for generating organization expenses. 17Accounting Regulations “Statement of Cash Flows” (PBU 23/2011)Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 02.02.2011 No. 11n-Establishes the rules for drawing up a statement of cash flows by commercial organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation 18Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On forms of financial statements of organizations" Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 N 66nOrder of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 05.10.2011 N 124n Approves the forms of financial statements of organizations level 3 Regulating 19Rule (standard) No. 1 of auditing activities "The purpose and basic principles of the audit of financial) accounting statements." Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 696 of September 23, 2002 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes common goals and basic principles for conducting an audit of financial (accounting) statements on the reliability of information that the audit organization and the individual auditor are required to comply with. 20Rule (standard) No. 2 of auditing activities “Documentation of the audit”. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for the preparation of documentation in the process of auditing financial (accounting) statements in terms of the reliability of data reflection. 21Rule (standard) No. 3 of auditing activities “Audit planning”. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 696 of September 23, 2002 Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for audit planning and applies primarily to audits that the auditor has been conducting for several years in relation to the audited entity. 22Rule (standard) No. 12. Agreement on the conditions of the audit. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N532; 10/07/2004 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for the procedure for agreeing on the conditions of an audit with the audited entity. 23Rule (standard) No. 14. Taking into account the requirements of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation during the audit. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements regarding the obligation of an audit organization and an individual auditor (hereinafter referred to as the auditor) to take into account the audited entity’s compliance with regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation during the audit of the financial (accounting) statements of this audited entity. 24 Rule (standard) No. 15. Understanding the activities of the audited entity Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 532; 07.10.2004 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for understanding by an audit organization and an individual auditor (hereinafter referred to as the auditor) of the activities of the audited entity. 25Rule (standard) No. 16. Audit sampling. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 532; 07.10.2004 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for random audit checks, as well as methods for selecting elements to be checked for the purpose of collecting audit evidence. 26Rule (standard) No. 17. Obtaining audit evidence in specific cases. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for obtaining audit evidence. 27Rule (standard) No. 18. Receipt by the auditor of supporting information from external sources. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 228; 04/16/2005 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements regarding the use during the audit of supporting information from external sources on the reliability of data reflection. 28Rule (standard) No. 19. Features of the first audit of the audited entity. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 228; 04/16/2005 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for verifying cash transaction account balances at the beginning of the reporting period in cases where an audit of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entity is carried out for the first time. 29Rule (standard) N 20. Analytical procedures. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 228; 04/16/2005 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for the use of analytical procedures during the audit. 30Rule (standard) N 21. Features of the audit of estimated values. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 228; 04/16/2005 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for the audit of estimated values ​​contained in financial (accounting) statements. 31Rule (standard) No. 22. Communication of information obtained from the audit results to the management of the audited entity. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 228; 04/16/2005 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements for reporting information obtained as a result of an audit. 32Rule (standard) No. 23. Statements and explanations of the management of the audited entity. Resolution Government of the Russian Federation N 228; 04/16/2005 Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2011 N 30 Establishes uniform requirements regarding the use of statements and explanations of the management of the audited entity as audit evidence. 33 Federal Standard of Auditing (1/2010) "Audit's report on accounting (financial) statements and forming an opinion on their reliability" Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 N 46n - Defines the requirements for the form, content, procedure for signing and submitting the audit report , as well as to the procedure for forming an opinion on the reliability of accounting (financial) statements. 34Federal auditing standard 2/2010. Modified opinion in the auditor's report Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 N 46n - Establishes requirements for the form and content of the audit report containing a modified opinion on the reliability of the accounting (financial) statements of the audited entity, as well as the procedure for forming a modified opinion. 35Federal auditing standard 3/2010. Additional information in the auditor's report Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 N 46n - Establishes requirements for the form and content of additional information included in the audit report 36 Federal Auditing Standard 6/2010. Responsibilities of the auditor to review compliance by the audited entity with the requirements of regulatory legal acts during the audit Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 17, 2010 N 90n "Order Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 16, 2011 N 99n Defines the requirements for the procedure for conducting an audit of accounting (financial) statements in terms of the responsibilities of an audit organization, an individual auditor to review, during the audit of accounting (financial) statements, compliance by the audited entity with the requirements of regulatory legal acts and identifying significant distortions in these statements caused by intentional (unintentional) actions (inaction) of the audited entity that contradict the requirements of regulatory legal acts. 37Federal auditing standard 7/2011. Audit evidence Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Finance of Russia) dated August 16, 2011 N 99n - Defines the requirements for the procedure for conducting an audit of accounting (financial) statements in terms of the responsibilities of an audit organization, an individual auditor for the selection and implementation of audit procedures for obtaining information, which confirms or does not confirm the premises for the preparation of financial statements and on the basis of which the auditor draws conclusions that form the basis for forming an opinion on the reliability of the financial statements (audit evidence). 38Federal Standard on Auditing 9/2011. Features of the audit of a separate part of the statements Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Finance of Russia) dated August 16, 2011 N 99n - Defines the requirements for the procedure for an audit organization, individual auditor to conduct an audit of a separate part (separate parts) of accounting (financial) statements or statements, compiled according to special rules (hereinafter referred to as a separate part of the reporting). Level 4 Methodical 39 Chart of accounts for the financial and economic activities of the organization. Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 94n dated October 31, 2000. September 18, 2006 Determines the procedure for recording business transactions for finished products and their sales in accounting accounts. 40 Regulations of the Central Bank "On the procedure for conducting cash transactions with banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia on the territory of the Russian Federation" Regulations of the Central Bank of October 12, 2011 N 373-PO defines the procedure for conducting cash transactions with banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia on the territory of the Russian Federation Level 5 41 Internal audit standards Establish procedure for conducting an audit

Tags: Audit of an organization's funds using the example of LLC Management Company "DomServis" Diploma Accounting, management accounting

Carrying out economic activities, the enterprise enters into business agreements with various business entities.

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There is a circulation of funds, various calculations are made. To streamline all operations, it is worth learning how a cash audit is carried out.

What you need to know

Accounting and control of funds is of great importance. The movement of cash is carried out through cash transactions.

Properly organized accounting allows you to competently make money circulation, settlements with partners, etc.

This approach contributes to the rational use of funds and generating additional income. Which is important in a market economy.

Basic Concepts

Cash is a highly liquid resource of any organization that guarantees the fulfillment of various obligations.

They repay loan debts in a timely manner, make non-cash and cash payments, purchase goods, and pay for services.

There are also regulations that relate to various types of audits - insurance companies, banking institutions, investment institutions, extra-budgetary funds.

Federal Law No. 307-FZ dated December 30, 2008 gives inspection bodies the following rights and responsibilities:

• choose methods and forms of inspection, composition of specialists;
• receive clarification from the management of the enterprise on issues that have arisen;
• examine all documentation, including checking the availability of individual papers;
• refuse to conduct an audit in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• provide justification for the presented audit results;
• ensure the safety of transferred documentation.

In-house documentation reveals the technology for using the legislative framework and monitors the application of established standards and regulations.

Audit of funds at the enterprise

In most cases, control over the movement of monetary assets, settlements with partners, and payment of received loans is carried out by the internal auditors of the enterprise. When there are none, they resort to the help of third-party specialists.

The purpose of the audit is the compliance of the accounts used by accountants, the applied methodology for accounting for monetary resources in current accounts, and the current legislation at the time of implementation.

Before signing the audit agreement, the audit planning takes place:

• how many cash registers are there at the enterprise;
• how wages are paid and cash is deposited;
• what type of payments are made through the cash register - with customers, payment of wages;
• what currency are they open for?
• what monetary units the organization has in its bank accounts.

In the process of examining the correct reflection of cash, the inspector compares the issue balances with the balances in the general ledger.

Lastly, the received data is verified with the provided accounting registers.

Methodology used

There is a selective and complete audit method. The main task is:

1. Study and test accounting reports on the company’s financial and economic activities.
2. Evaluate the method of accounting principles.
3. Determine management estimates.
4. Evaluate the overall understanding of financial statements.

During the audit, evidence is collected based on the following parameters:

After studying the main issues, the auditor is obliged to evaluate them, express the opinion of a specialist, and give advice on eliminating identified deviations from established standards and identified violations.

Program (table)

When drawing up an inspection plan, it is taken into account what documentation should be examined. Table:

Detailed diagram:

Planned work	Date	Performers	Audit methodology	A source of information
Preliminary acquaintance with the activities of the institution, verification of legal grounds	date	Full name		Constituent documentation, certificate of state registration, tax registration, data on ruble bank accounts, statistical information, licenses received
Analysis of the general state of financial statements and accounting - are business transactions correctly reflected in the accounting records?	ata	Full name	Continuous, selective, combined, documentary, factual	General ledger turnover and balance sheet of the organization for the audit period
Checking the transactions carried out to account for money in the cash register – completeness and timeliness of recording cash transactions; – compliance with requirements regarding cash management procedures; – compliance with the established balance of the cash limit for making payments; – competent maintenance of synthetic and analytical accounting of funds in the cash register	date	Full name	Continuous, selective, combined, documentary, factual	, primary documentation, cash documentation, for the period under review, analysis of the “Cash” account, compiled balance sheet
Checking the accounting of monetary resources in accounts opened in banking institutions: – comparison of data from primary banking documents with accounting registers	date	Full name	Continuous, selective, combined, documentary, factual	Balance sheet, general ledger, primary documentation for the Cash and Current Account accounts

Cash flows on the current account

When auditing transactions made on a current account, the following is examined:

Matching bank statements	With accounting register data
Procedure for maintaining documentation	Related to the reflection of business transactions
Timely entry of entries from bank statements into the appropriate accounting forms	The entries in the "Current Account" account are compared with the forms "Settlements with debtors, creditors", "Settlements with buyers, customers"
Maintaining synthetic accounting separately	For each account opened with a financial institution
Compilation of a consolidated register	By all accounts
Receipt of funds from a credit institution	Through counter-verification, the full and justified use of finances is established
Compliance with the legal regime when using a foreign currency account	The correct reflection of transactions when selling and purchasing foreign currency is checked

When creating a program for checking a current account, it is convenient to use the questions from the table:

Question	Answer	Supporting document to be provided
One current account	Yes No	Agreement with a financial institution, statements, primary documentation
Foreign currency account opened	Yes No	Agreement, primary documents, bank statements
Currency is received for	Yes No	Application for the purchase of foreign currency
A letter of credit form of payment is used	Yes No	Agreement to open a letter of credit

Upon assignment

The auditor, when conducting an audit of cash accounting, takes into account possible violations of current legislation. The main ones are errors when registering cash transactions, theft, and abuse.

Misappropriation of funds can take various forms:

• outright theft;
• non-receipt of the amount received from the current account received from business entities;
• unjustified write-off of funds;
• misappropriation of wages and amounts belonging to other enterprises;
• carrying out settlements with unregistered persons;
• exceeding the cash limit at the end of the working day;
• untimely reporting from accountable persons.

Transactions carried out using a current account are subject to detailed verification. Someone may spend funds for goods not received or work not completed.

To identify violations, an intersecting check of the cash desk with the bank is carried out. Researched:

• if funds were cashed out, is it attached to the cash register;
• Do the cash register records match the bank data?

Identified inconsistencies are subject to reflection in the report based on the results of the audit and recording in the working documentation.

Traffic report

The report on the movement of monetary resources is supplemented by a balance sheet on the state of monetary amounts. The form contains data for the previous and audited period.

The document clearly shows that there has been a decrease or increase in income. It reflects the balance at the beginning of the quarter under review, the movement of funds, and the final balance.

In conclusion, the auditor expresses an opinion on the audit performed:

1. Compliance of accounting with current legislation.
2. Is the cash account and current account accounted for correctly?
3. Is the safety of resources ensured?
4. Is the loan spent on purpose?

Is improvement needed?

The results of the analysis must be compared with the general financial situation of the enterprise. It is important to pay attention not to the amount of profit, but to whether the organization is able to repay debts on time.

Simply put, whether its assets are liquid. Can provide advice on how to improve business management upon completion of the inspection.

Using the example of an enterprise

Periodicity LLC was created in 2000. Is a legal entity that acts on the basis of. The main activity of the enterprise is aimed at making a profit.

The company is engaged in retail trade, intermediary activities, provision of

Draw up a cash audit plan yourself, using (possibly partially) the tasks reflected below and adding your own, and then compare it with the one that will be presented at the lecture on this topic. According to the methodology used by the authors of this manual, an audit plan for a specific object is drawn up according to the table presented in question 4 of Topic 5 of Module.

Tasks cash audit in general are:

Checking the organization and methods of accounting for funds determined by the Order on Accounting Policies;

Checking the availability and use by the enterprise of various currencies for business activities;

Determination of the organizational structure of cash flow and the availability of current accounts at the enterprise;

Assessment of the state of synthetic and analytical accounting of funds, the quality of reflection of business transactions in accounting registers and reporting;

Checking the availability of funds at the enterprise (not only in the main cash register, but also in the operating cash desks of various divisions) and identifying shortages or surpluses;

Checking the availability and movement of funds in current and other accounts in commercial bank institutions, confirmed by statements and primary documents, including the movement of funds in foreign currency;

Checking the state of storage of cash and securities at the cash desk and the correct organization of cash management;

Checking compliance with the Regulations on conducting cash transactions in national currency in Ukraine;

Checking the timeliness and completeness of the receipt of funds;

Checking the legality of spending funds.

It is advisable to draw up a program (extended plan) for auditing funds in separate areas: funds in the cash register, funds in the current account, in other accounts in commercial banks based on the tasks of the plan, detailing the procedures and identifying the sources of evidence. In addition, it is necessary to take into account how many people will take part in the audit and the audit period determined by the task for conducting a cash audit.

Cash audit methodology

The auditor, having received the task of conducting an audit of funds, draws up a plan and program for conducting the audit (the detail of the procedures should be maximum) and, accordingly, begins to conduct an audit.

The audit begins with an assessment of the methodology and organization of accounting for funds specified in the Order on Accounting Policy. At the same time, the auditor determines methodological and organizational features, determines the possibility of using certain techniques that can be proposed and evaluates such issues in the Order on Accounting Policies:

Specifies in the working chart of accounts which accounts and subaccounts the company uses and how it details the information;

Study the job descriptions of accountants for cash accounting;

Determines the numbers of current and other accounts in commercial banking institutions, both in national and foreign currencies;

Finds out whether there is a limit on the cash balance in the cash register (for the main cash register and individual operating cash desks for individual objects);

Determines how many operating cash desks there are for individual divisions of the enterprise and the procedure for transferring proceeds to them;

Finds out the use of foreign currency when issuing cash in foreign currency and conducting settlements with foreign counterparties, etc.

Based on the assignment and program, the auditor begins to conduct a cash audit.

An audit of funds must begin with an assessment of financial reporting data, namely the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Condition), from which the amount of funds in national and foreign currencies is determined (for reporting up to and including 2012), and the cash balances on hand at the beginning and end of the reporting period and are compared with the Turnover Statement for synthetic accounts in order to truly confirm the balances in the context of individual accounts: cash desk, current account (for each account in a bank institution), other accounts in commercial bank institutions. All these cash amounts also need to be compared with the general ledger and accounting records. In case of discrepancy between the amounts, the auditor records the violation in the working documents.

The audit of funds is carried out in the following main areas:

Audit of funds (cash) at the cash desk in national and foreign currencies;

Audit of funds on current accounts in national and foreign currencies;

Audit of funds in other accounts in commercial banks;

Audit of funds in transit in national and foreign currencies.

Audit cash (cash) in the cash register in most cases, it begins with the auditor observing the inventory of cash in the cash register at the beginning of the audit of the entire enterprise. This procedure makes it possible to check whether the management staff of the enterprise is committing abuse or whether funds are being stolen.

Based on the assignment received to conduct a cash audit and in accordance with the program, the auditor checks how many operating cash desks the enterprise has (an enterprise may have a central cash register and cash registers in stores, cafes and other organizations and institutions), from which the proceeds can be handed over to both collectors and through the central cash desk for crediting to the current account. For each cash register, separate cash flow records must be kept in the cash books.

It is necessary to carry out a simultaneous inventory of all cash desks, and find out whether internal movements of cash between cash desks are allowed in cases where funds are intended to be handed over directly through collectors. In such cases, abuses may occur on the part of management personnel, namely: theft, temporary use of funds, and the like.

The auditor must determine the cash limit calculated and approved by the enterprise. If there is no Order on the established cash register limit and its calculation, then any balances in the cash register at the end of the working day are considered above the limit. Next, the auditor must check the Cash Book and Cashiers' Reports in order to find out whether the cash limit was exceeded for the period that is being checked, and whether the funds were used for their intended purpose.

Before conducting an audit, the auditor must assess the state of internal control at the enterprise, identify persons who have the right to issue and sign cash orders and who are required to monitor the movement of cash transactions. The auditor must check for possible signs of conducting not a real, but a formal inventory of the cash register at the enterprise and the existence and content of an agreement on the full financial responsibility of the cashier.

The auditor, when checking cash receipts and debit orders, must pay attention to the completion of all details, as well as to the payment of wages and funds under one-time employment agreements, settlements with non-staff workers, the issuance of funds against the report for the purchase of material assets (here the presence of an order from the manager must be checked enterprises about to whom funds can be issued on account) and the like.

Particular attention should be paid to the accounting of cash transactions in foreign currency, namely: the features of its entry into the cash register and issuance to specific persons, the return of unused foreign currency, the period for its return, and the like. The auditor checks whether the enterprise has a balance of funds in foreign currency, does not use funds for other purposes, or does not issue funds to other persons that were received from accountable persons unused, etc.

Audit funds in current accounts in national and foreign currencies begins with finding out what accounts and in which banks the company has, while the auditor must enter in the working documents both the account number and the name of the commercial bank institution in which this account is located and the amount of the account balance according to the statement on the end of the reporting period for which the audit is being conducted. The auditor compares the information received with the data of the financial statements, the Turnover Statement for synthetic accounts, the General Ledger, and analytical and synthetic accounting registers. If deviations are detected, he records this information in working documents.

The auditor checks all transactions on current accounts in commercial banks to identify violations, namely:

Timely entry of funds into the cash desk received from accounts at bank institutions by constructing a comparative table for cash and bank operations;

Transfer of funds, especially if these funds are directly debited to expense accounts;

Checking bank statements for the seizure of certain documents or statements of account transactions. If such errors or abuses are discovered, the auditor should require the enterprise to send a request to the bank to confirm certain transactions for which documents or a statement for a particular day are missing.

The auditor checks transactions on their merits in order to identify questionable transactions or illegal transfers of funds as a result of abuse or theft by management personnel. If such abuses are detected, after collecting all the necessary evidence, the auditor is obliged to reflect the identified abuses in his working documents and notify the management of the enterprise. Particular attention must be paid to checking funds in current settlement accounts in foreign currency and reflecting these transactions in accounting accounts, namely exchange rate differences, transactions for the purchase and sale of foreign currency, timely transfer of funds to their destination. In addition, it is imperative to check the correctness of the reflection of expenses for transferring funds and other transactions in foreign currency.

The quality of checking funds in current accounts and in cash in most cases depends on the intuition and experience of the auditor regarding the possibility of identifying abuses and violations.

Audit funds in other accounts at a bank establishment must be carried out, starting with the identification of accounts. that an enterprise has in a bank establishment, checking analytical accounting of accounts, features of accounting organization (accounts and sub-accounts according to a working chart of accounts, document flow, analytical and synthetic accounting registers). When conducting an audit, it is necessary to find out the existence of an agreement with the bank on a particular account, the terms of the deposit account, the timeliness of crediting funds returned by the bank institution to the account, and the correctness of recording accrued interest as the amount of financial income.

When auditing funds deposited into corporate bank payment card accounts, you must check:

Correct reflection of funds when they are credited from a current account, especially if these funds are in foreign currency;

The correctness of reflection in the accounting accounts upon receipt of an extract from which the funds received in cash by the accountable person are listed (these funds must be reflected as funds issued for reporting, and not immediately written off as expenses).

For these accounts, it is necessary to check each transaction to ensure that they are correctly reflected in the accounting records, because abuses and errors may occur.

Auditing funds on the way begins with the study of each business transaction with funds in transit in a continuous manner. At the same time, the auditor must find out the reasons for the occurrence of each such transaction and check the correctness of closing each one.

These transactions may occur at the time the proceeds are deposited at the evening cash desk on the last day of the month, so the auditor must check whether all funds are credited to the current account, whether there were cases of discrepancies between the amounts deposited through the collector and credited to the current account, and how such discrepancies are reflected in the accounting. The auditor must check the correctness of recording transactions for the purchase and sale of foreign currency, since at the enterprise these funds are not always reflected correctly in the accounts. These tools are also travel tools.

To accumulate information, it is advisable for the auditor to use tables that reflect all distortions: errors, disagreements, abuses, etc., which will provide more opportunities for determining the total amount of distortions.